This document summarizes a study on simulating lake tap flow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Lake tapping involves blasting a rock plug at the bottom of a lake to provide a tunnel for water flow and hydropower generation. The study specifically looks at simulating flow conditions for a proposed third lake tap at Koyna Hydroelectric Project in India. It uses the CFD software FLUENT to model single-phase water flow and two-phase water-boulder flow through intake tunnels and a muck pit for different angles of the muck pit base. The simulations analyze flow patterns, velocities and how outlet velocity is reduced as the base angle increases due to circulation and reverse flow in the muck pit.
IRJET- Feasibility Study on Power Generation using Treated Waste WaterIRJET Journal
This document discusses a feasibility study on generating power using treated wastewater at the Kesare wastewater treatment plant in India. Specifically, it analyzes installing a micro-hydro power system using the flow of treated wastewater. It describes testing a floating rotor turbine design based on a vertical axis wind turbine. Testing found the turbine was capable of producing 232W in horizontal conditions and 0.77W in vertical conditions. The document also reviews literature on installing micro-hydro systems at wastewater treatment plants to reduce energy costs and reliance on fossil fuels.
This document summarizes the development trends of Chinese hydroelectric power generation technology. It discusses how hydropower plays an important role in China's energy system by providing clean, renewable energy. China has significantly increased its hydropower capacity over the past few decades and aims to further develop its hydro resources. However, large-scale hydropower projects can impact the environment and local communities, so China is also exploring ways to mitigate these impacts and promote more sustainable hydropower development.
Modelling Of Underground Cables for High Voltage Transmissiontheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Small scale-water-current-turbines-for-river-applicationsToz Koparan
The document provides an overview of small-scale water current turbines for river applications with a power output of 0.5-5 kW. It discusses the technology of water current turbines, which produce electricity directly from flowing water without the need for dams. The most common turbine types are axial flow and cross-flow turbines. Performance is influenced by whether the turbine is ducted or not and where it is placed within the river flow. The document summarizes several commercial water current turbine companies from different countries and their technologies. It concludes that small-scale hydro power from water current turbines can reliably supply electricity to remote communities due to its low cost and environmental friendliness.
Use of Storage Water in a Hydroelectric SystemIOSR Journals
This document discusses the use of storage water in hydroelectric systems. It begins by discussing how hydroelectric systems work and the importance of water storage. It then reviews several past studies that have analyzed optimal water storage and use in hydroelectric systems. These studies used different assumptions and approaches, such as using decision support systems and dynamic programming. The document proposes using an existing decision support system to optimize water use during low flow periods. It describes the components and benefits of comprehensive decision support systems for hydroelectric operations and planning. Finally, it concludes that decision support systems can optimize water storage and use in hydroelectric systems based on updated forecasts and probabilistic modeling.
Modeling Precipitating Tub (Settling Basin) For Reduction Sedimentation Effec...IJERA Editor
This document presents research on modeling a settling basin to reduce the effects of sedimentation on a micro hydro power (MHP) system in an irrigation channel in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Sedimentation was found to negatively impact the MHP's voltage, frequency, and turbine rotation. The researchers designed 3 models of settling basins and tested the MHP under varying sediment concentration conditions with and without the basins. Model III was found to reduce voltage deviation from 17.6% to 3%, frequency deviation from 6.8% to 1%, and rotation deviation from 6.8% to 1% by lowering sediment concentration in the water flowing to the MHP turbine. The settling basin design helps maintain the MHP's power
Studies on Small Hydro-Power Potentials of Itapaji Dam in Ekiti State, Nigeria.inventionjournals
Lack of constant electricity supply with the use of convectional mode are major causes of poverty in many rural areas in Nigeria. An overview of small hydro power potentials in Nigeria to mitigate against the problem of constant electricity supply in rural areas is discussed with surveyed states and expected total generation. A study on the potentials of Itapaji dam in Ekiti state, Nigeria for small hydro power generation is presented. The maximum annual discharge of the dam was calculated as 23.24 cubic metre/sec, with an average nominal flow discharge of 8.33cubic metre/sec, and an average minimal flow of 1.78 cubic metre/sec, while the estimated hydro power potential of the dam is about 1.30MW, being generated with an average annual mean discharge of 8.33m3 /sec with a reservoir capacity balance of 1.922 x 109m3 /year. The components required for small hydro power scheme was discussed for familiarization as well as an assessment of the environmental impact for overall viability. Electricity generation from this hydro scheme can easily be extended to surrounding communities along the present gridline without any major engineering effort, as well as a reduction in green-house gas emission in terms of avoided fossil fuels backed generating schemes.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on:
1) How hydroelectric power plants work by using turbines to convert the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy to power generators that produce electricity.
2) The different components of hydroelectric power plants including generators, gearing systems, and water turbines.
3) A brief history of hydroelectric power development from early water wheels to modern large scale dams and power stations.
IRJET- Feasibility Study on Power Generation using Treated Waste WaterIRJET Journal
This document discusses a feasibility study on generating power using treated wastewater at the Kesare wastewater treatment plant in India. Specifically, it analyzes installing a micro-hydro power system using the flow of treated wastewater. It describes testing a floating rotor turbine design based on a vertical axis wind turbine. Testing found the turbine was capable of producing 232W in horizontal conditions and 0.77W in vertical conditions. The document also reviews literature on installing micro-hydro systems at wastewater treatment plants to reduce energy costs and reliance on fossil fuels.
This document summarizes the development trends of Chinese hydroelectric power generation technology. It discusses how hydropower plays an important role in China's energy system by providing clean, renewable energy. China has significantly increased its hydropower capacity over the past few decades and aims to further develop its hydro resources. However, large-scale hydropower projects can impact the environment and local communities, so China is also exploring ways to mitigate these impacts and promote more sustainable hydropower development.
Modelling Of Underground Cables for High Voltage Transmissiontheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Small scale-water-current-turbines-for-river-applicationsToz Koparan
The document provides an overview of small-scale water current turbines for river applications with a power output of 0.5-5 kW. It discusses the technology of water current turbines, which produce electricity directly from flowing water without the need for dams. The most common turbine types are axial flow and cross-flow turbines. Performance is influenced by whether the turbine is ducted or not and where it is placed within the river flow. The document summarizes several commercial water current turbine companies from different countries and their technologies. It concludes that small-scale hydro power from water current turbines can reliably supply electricity to remote communities due to its low cost and environmental friendliness.
Use of Storage Water in a Hydroelectric SystemIOSR Journals
This document discusses the use of storage water in hydroelectric systems. It begins by discussing how hydroelectric systems work and the importance of water storage. It then reviews several past studies that have analyzed optimal water storage and use in hydroelectric systems. These studies used different assumptions and approaches, such as using decision support systems and dynamic programming. The document proposes using an existing decision support system to optimize water use during low flow periods. It describes the components and benefits of comprehensive decision support systems for hydroelectric operations and planning. Finally, it concludes that decision support systems can optimize water storage and use in hydroelectric systems based on updated forecasts and probabilistic modeling.
Modeling Precipitating Tub (Settling Basin) For Reduction Sedimentation Effec...IJERA Editor
This document presents research on modeling a settling basin to reduce the effects of sedimentation on a micro hydro power (MHP) system in an irrigation channel in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Sedimentation was found to negatively impact the MHP's voltage, frequency, and turbine rotation. The researchers designed 3 models of settling basins and tested the MHP under varying sediment concentration conditions with and without the basins. Model III was found to reduce voltage deviation from 17.6% to 3%, frequency deviation from 6.8% to 1%, and rotation deviation from 6.8% to 1% by lowering sediment concentration in the water flowing to the MHP turbine. The settling basin design helps maintain the MHP's power
Studies on Small Hydro-Power Potentials of Itapaji Dam in Ekiti State, Nigeria.inventionjournals
Lack of constant electricity supply with the use of convectional mode are major causes of poverty in many rural areas in Nigeria. An overview of small hydro power potentials in Nigeria to mitigate against the problem of constant electricity supply in rural areas is discussed with surveyed states and expected total generation. A study on the potentials of Itapaji dam in Ekiti state, Nigeria for small hydro power generation is presented. The maximum annual discharge of the dam was calculated as 23.24 cubic metre/sec, with an average nominal flow discharge of 8.33cubic metre/sec, and an average minimal flow of 1.78 cubic metre/sec, while the estimated hydro power potential of the dam is about 1.30MW, being generated with an average annual mean discharge of 8.33m3 /sec with a reservoir capacity balance of 1.922 x 109m3 /year. The components required for small hydro power scheme was discussed for familiarization as well as an assessment of the environmental impact for overall viability. Electricity generation from this hydro scheme can easily be extended to surrounding communities along the present gridline without any major engineering effort, as well as a reduction in green-house gas emission in terms of avoided fossil fuels backed generating schemes.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on:
1) How hydroelectric power plants work by using turbines to convert the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy to power generators that produce electricity.
2) The different components of hydroelectric power plants including generators, gearing systems, and water turbines.
3) A brief history of hydroelectric power development from early water wheels to modern large scale dams and power stations.
Hydro power or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed by the sun.
Performance Evaluation of Small Hydro Power PlantGirish Gupta
This is a project on the study of small hydro power plant of Khairana, Ramgarh, Uttrakhand which is of the capacity 100 KW. This project is done under Center of Excellence, Technical Educational Quality Improvement Programme - II (COE, TEQIP-II) funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Developement, Government of India
This document provides an overview of pico-hydro generation systems for off-grid electrification in developing areas. Pico-hydro systems are small-scale hydroelectric generators that can be installed and maintained locally without extensive training or infrastructure. They provide enough power for limited applications using small water sources. The document describes the key components of a pico-hydro system, including the permanent magnet alternator that converts rotational energy to electricity, various water directing components like the impeller, penstock and reservoir, and optional battery charging capabilities. It explains that pico-hydro is well-suited for small, remote communities since it can be implemented with local resources and has minimal environmental impacts.
Generating a Lighting System by Using Pico Hydro SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The main aim of this research is to design and develop LED based lighting system by using Pico hydro power. The proposed system is to use renewable energy to generate power in remote areas. The system is designed in a small scale which capable of lighting up a LED and sustain power when turbine stop to rotate. Reaction turbine is selected to be the suitable model for this Pico Hydro System (PHS). The performance of the system is tested by changing the materials for the blades and determines the suitable number of blades for the system to perform at maximum efficiency. Additional features, such as displaying generated voltage and flow rate has been implemented. It is observed that, the system could generate maximum voltage of 5.46V at the head height of 65 cm with flow rate of 5.51 L/Min. A total of 4.62 watt of net electrical power generated from this PHS, the value is obtained by using theoretical calculation. Finally, the system proves to be efficient in terms of generated voltage and cost, as compared to the journals which is reviewed in the literature. The scale of the design has to be remodified to be implemented in river areas.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into design parameters for pico-hydro Turgo turbines. The researchers built a low-cost Turgo turbine using readily available materials. They then tested the turbine and developed a regression model to predict its efficiency based on design parameters like nozzle diameter, jet inlet angle, number of blades, and blade speed. The goal was to establish empirical design guidelines that allow for the custom design and local manufacture of efficient yet low-cost Turgo turbines optimized for specific pico-hydro sites. Key parameters like jet inlet angle, nozzle diameter, number of blades, and blade speed were investigated to determine their effects on turbine efficiency.
IMPULSE CROSS FLOW TURBINE WITH FOUR NOZZLES AS PRIME MOVER OF ELECTRIC GENER...IAEME Publication
Water energy which is very good to be used as a source of electrical energy in underdeveloped areas has not been reached by electricity. The purpose of this research is to utilize water energy for the generation of electrical energy is to choose a four nozzle cross flow water turbine. The method used is to test a Cross Flow turbine with four nozzles as a micro-scale hydroelectric power generator. The results showed that a cross flow turbine with four nozzles is very good as a permanent magnet Direct Current generator that can work at a flow that is not too high. At a water discharge of 4.2x 10-3 m 3 /s and an outer diameter of 200 mm cross flow turbine with 24 blades, it can produce Cross Flow Turbine power with four nozzles is 3.251 Watt and generator power is 1.528 Watt
Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes...ijtsrd
Over the years, there have been a gradual increase in the electricity generation capacity of Nigeria, with more gas power plants installed between 1999 2003 to augment power supply from the existing hydro and thermal power plants installed in the 1970s but despite gradual increase in Mega Watts MW of electric power generated, Nigerian electricity consumers continue to experience epileptic and unreliable power supply distribution. As at today, the power distribution companies referred to as the DISCOs supply epileptic or skeletal power to their customers which they termed 'load shading’. This term explains a situation whereby a power consumer or customer can obtain a power ration for some hours in the day and do not have power remaining hours in the day. Because of this, many consumers depend on generating sets as alternative source of power. This is inefficient and costly to maintain. Today it is possible to introduce the electric power inverter which converts battery DC voltage to AC voltage. Inside the inverter can be coupled an electric charging system which can charge the battery when there is power supply from utility power source. When this power source fails, the battery in turn supplies the inverter with DC which is being converted to A.C sometimes the inverter can also be connected to renewable energy source like solar, wind etc. These sources ensures an all round supply of DC for the inverter. Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries such as Nigeria where public power supply is totally unreliable. In response to the yearning of the majority of Nigerians for a steady power supply, this research paper tries to contribute in a little way by designing and constructing a 0.75KVA inverter to power homes and offices. The paper starts by defining what an inverter is, reviewed similar past works in literature, and it explained the principles of operation and components used with its circuit diagram. The completed work was tested and met its design specifications. Lois O. Nwobodo | Nkemdilim Ifeyinwa Obiokafor | Samuel C. Asogwa | Fidelis C. Obodoeze "Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes and Offices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38533.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38533/design-and-construction-of-a-075kva-inverter-power-supply-for-nigerian-homes-and-offices/lois-o-nwobodo
Lecture 1 micro hydro basics and status in nepalshahabuddin khan
Micro-hydro basics and status in Nepal (2 hours)
This document discusses micro-hydro power, including its advantages over other renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It explains typical system components like weirs, penstocks, and turbines. It also covers micro-hydro design approaches and factors considered like capacity and demand surveys. Finally, it provides an overview of micro-hydro development in Nepal, noting that as of 2008/2009 there were over 1,900 micro-hydro plants installed with a total capacity of 13.9 MW. Key organizations involved in supporting micro-hydro in Nepal are also identified.
This document provides an overview of hydropower development in India. It discusses:
1) The history of hydropower and its current status as a major source of electricity worldwide and in India.
2) The challenges facing hydropower development in India, including low exploitation of potential, power shortages, and declining proportion of hydro capacity.
3) The initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote hydropower, such as increased funding, basin-wise development, and simplifying approval processes.
Design and fabrication of perpetual motion hydroelectric power GeneratorIRJASH
Perpetual Motion Hydroelectric Generators is a system which generates electricity by using the potential energy of falling water under two circumstances, firstly for power generation and secondly for recirculation of water. These types of systems can be extremely useful in rural regions where there is a shortage of electricity as well as a limited supply of water. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a hydroelectric generator as well as a hydraulic ram pump. Emphasis is given to the calculation of power produced, discharge and the efficiency of the ram pump. The results obtained are validated with respect to standard fluid mechanics calculations.
Keywords: Recirculation, Hydroelectric generator, Hydraulic ram, Power
This document provides details about a student project report on a model of a hydraulic power plant. It includes an introduction describing the components of a typical hydraulic power plant like the reservoir, dam, penstock, surge tank, turbine, power house, and generator. It also discusses the classification of hydraulic power plants based on factors like water availability and plant capacity. The document outlines the various elements of a hydraulic power plant in detail and explains the working principle. It acknowledges the guidance provided by the project supervisor and declares the fulfillment of degree requirements.
An interim report to to the US DOE on a project for designing and building a utility hydrogen energy storage system. The initial models for design and operation optimization are included.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses hydropower in India. It provides an introduction to hydropower, outlines its history in India, and discusses its current status and challenges. Some key points include:
- Hydropower is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that currently contributes around 22% of global electricity supply.
- The first hydropower dam in India was built in the early 1900s by Jamshedji Tata to supply power to textile mills.
- The government aims to realize India's full hydropower potential of 150,000 MW by 2025-26 to meet increasing energy demands.
- Major challenges include low exploitation of potential so far, technical difficulties, financial issues, and environmental/
This paper deals with a new technology by which water can be used as a fuel. Price of Petroleum oils
are increases day-by-day, affecting the lifestyle of common people as well as the national economy. Hence it is
necessary to have alternative for petroleum oil. Water can be used as a fuel in the form of Brown’s Gas, so we
have a plan to produce a Generator which works on Brown’s Gas which is obtained by the electrolysis of water. It
will be a unique type of Generator so it has huge market potential. Now–a-days every country spends a lot of
money on research and development on non-conventional energy resources. In world, the conventional energy
sources are limited and their consumption is very high, so alternative sources of energy have tremendous
potential in future. Nobody will think for a moment but it is reality that water can be used as electricity producing
agent, and hence as an energy resources. It is good news for environmentalists as It is made from water,
depending upon the set-up; it burns into combustion engine and releases oxygen into atmosphere. This method
increases the oxygen content in the atmosphere, which helps to solve environment degradation. Hence, this new
successful technology can be called as Green technology. Since Electricity is one of the important energy
resources. It is available at very limited places and consumption is much more. This causes war for electricity
which is not new for civilization but by this technology war can be overcome or may be ended soo n
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Feasibility Report of Small Hydroelectric Power PlantSulaman Muhammad
The aim of this project is to make the feasibility report of small
hydroelectric power generating station in small village of district Malakand, KPK, Pakistan. Required data (available head, flow of water, density etc.) was collected during site visit, through which appropriate turbine and capacity of was plant was calculated.
The document discusses a thesis submitted by Priyabrata Adhikary toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree in engineering. The thesis studies the design of a cost-effective and eco-friendly rural pico hydro plant. It examines the design of a 12V DC pico hydro plant installed in the drinking water pipeline of a rural water treatment plant. The thesis aims to help small hydro plant consultants, owners, and developers in bringing electricity to rural and remote hilly areas. It applies multi-criteria decision analysis methods to select optimal turbine suppliers and components. The research includes cognitive modeling, simulation, experimental testing, and validation of a pilot pico hydro plant.
The report details the proposed 10 MW Sagana-III run-of-river hydroelectric project on the Sagana River in Kenya. Key aspects include a diversion weir at 1274m elevation, 4.8 km water conductor system consisting of tunnels and channels, a forebay, 175m penstock bifurcating to two 1.9m pipes, and a 1210m elevation powerhouse with two 5MW turbines. The project will utilize a 58.46m head and 21.26 cumecs flow to generate an estimated 54 million kWh annually, connecting to the grid via a 7km transmission line. Financial analysis shows an equity IRR of 16.12% and average DSCR of 1.54x,
This document discusses the design and aims of a project to develop a cost-effective solar-powered water pump (SDP) for use by small-scale farmers in developing countries. The SDP is intended to provide irrigation with low operating costs as an alternative to expensive diesel pumps. The project aims to (i) fabricate a demonstration model, (ii) study the effects of solar concentration on water production, and (iii) recommend using mirrors to enhance system performance. The scope is limited to developing a model for small-scale irrigation to demonstrate feasibility and application of solar energy for pumping needs.
“GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY FROM SULLAGE WATER”IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a case study on generating electricity from sullage water in Amanora Park Town, Pune. Sullage water or greywater is generated from sources like sinks, showers and washing machines.
2) A methodology is proposed to install a Pelton turbine that would be rotated by the flow of sullage water from the septic tank or household drains. As the water falls on the turbine, it would generate electricity.
3) Calculations show that around 153 kWh of electricity could be generated per day from the 3 million liters of sullage water generated in Amanora Park Town. This could help power street lights and other infrastructure.
Renewable Energy Based Floating Power Generator (Rivers and Canals)IJERA Editor
1) Researchers in India have developed a floating power generator system that can generate electricity from flowing water in rivers and canals without needing to be permanently installed.
2) The system consists of fiberglass floats connected to a water wheel that spins a waterproof generator as water flows between the floats.
3) Testing of a prototype in Mahi River in India showed it could generate up to 250 watts of power at a water flow rate of 6 cubic meters per second.
Hydro power or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed by the sun.
Performance Evaluation of Small Hydro Power PlantGirish Gupta
This is a project on the study of small hydro power plant of Khairana, Ramgarh, Uttrakhand which is of the capacity 100 KW. This project is done under Center of Excellence, Technical Educational Quality Improvement Programme - II (COE, TEQIP-II) funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Developement, Government of India
This document provides an overview of pico-hydro generation systems for off-grid electrification in developing areas. Pico-hydro systems are small-scale hydroelectric generators that can be installed and maintained locally without extensive training or infrastructure. They provide enough power for limited applications using small water sources. The document describes the key components of a pico-hydro system, including the permanent magnet alternator that converts rotational energy to electricity, various water directing components like the impeller, penstock and reservoir, and optional battery charging capabilities. It explains that pico-hydro is well-suited for small, remote communities since it can be implemented with local resources and has minimal environmental impacts.
Generating a Lighting System by Using Pico Hydro SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The main aim of this research is to design and develop LED based lighting system by using Pico hydro power. The proposed system is to use renewable energy to generate power in remote areas. The system is designed in a small scale which capable of lighting up a LED and sustain power when turbine stop to rotate. Reaction turbine is selected to be the suitable model for this Pico Hydro System (PHS). The performance of the system is tested by changing the materials for the blades and determines the suitable number of blades for the system to perform at maximum efficiency. Additional features, such as displaying generated voltage and flow rate has been implemented. It is observed that, the system could generate maximum voltage of 5.46V at the head height of 65 cm with flow rate of 5.51 L/Min. A total of 4.62 watt of net electrical power generated from this PHS, the value is obtained by using theoretical calculation. Finally, the system proves to be efficient in terms of generated voltage and cost, as compared to the journals which is reviewed in the literature. The scale of the design has to be remodified to be implemented in river areas.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into design parameters for pico-hydro Turgo turbines. The researchers built a low-cost Turgo turbine using readily available materials. They then tested the turbine and developed a regression model to predict its efficiency based on design parameters like nozzle diameter, jet inlet angle, number of blades, and blade speed. The goal was to establish empirical design guidelines that allow for the custom design and local manufacture of efficient yet low-cost Turgo turbines optimized for specific pico-hydro sites. Key parameters like jet inlet angle, nozzle diameter, number of blades, and blade speed were investigated to determine their effects on turbine efficiency.
IMPULSE CROSS FLOW TURBINE WITH FOUR NOZZLES AS PRIME MOVER OF ELECTRIC GENER...IAEME Publication
Water energy which is very good to be used as a source of electrical energy in underdeveloped areas has not been reached by electricity. The purpose of this research is to utilize water energy for the generation of electrical energy is to choose a four nozzle cross flow water turbine. The method used is to test a Cross Flow turbine with four nozzles as a micro-scale hydroelectric power generator. The results showed that a cross flow turbine with four nozzles is very good as a permanent magnet Direct Current generator that can work at a flow that is not too high. At a water discharge of 4.2x 10-3 m 3 /s and an outer diameter of 200 mm cross flow turbine with 24 blades, it can produce Cross Flow Turbine power with four nozzles is 3.251 Watt and generator power is 1.528 Watt
Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes...ijtsrd
Over the years, there have been a gradual increase in the electricity generation capacity of Nigeria, with more gas power plants installed between 1999 2003 to augment power supply from the existing hydro and thermal power plants installed in the 1970s but despite gradual increase in Mega Watts MW of electric power generated, Nigerian electricity consumers continue to experience epileptic and unreliable power supply distribution. As at today, the power distribution companies referred to as the DISCOs supply epileptic or skeletal power to their customers which they termed 'load shading’. This term explains a situation whereby a power consumer or customer can obtain a power ration for some hours in the day and do not have power remaining hours in the day. Because of this, many consumers depend on generating sets as alternative source of power. This is inefficient and costly to maintain. Today it is possible to introduce the electric power inverter which converts battery DC voltage to AC voltage. Inside the inverter can be coupled an electric charging system which can charge the battery when there is power supply from utility power source. When this power source fails, the battery in turn supplies the inverter with DC which is being converted to A.C sometimes the inverter can also be connected to renewable energy source like solar, wind etc. These sources ensures an all round supply of DC for the inverter. Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries such as Nigeria where public power supply is totally unreliable. In response to the yearning of the majority of Nigerians for a steady power supply, this research paper tries to contribute in a little way by designing and constructing a 0.75KVA inverter to power homes and offices. The paper starts by defining what an inverter is, reviewed similar past works in literature, and it explained the principles of operation and components used with its circuit diagram. The completed work was tested and met its design specifications. Lois O. Nwobodo | Nkemdilim Ifeyinwa Obiokafor | Samuel C. Asogwa | Fidelis C. Obodoeze "Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes and Offices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38533.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38533/design-and-construction-of-a-075kva-inverter-power-supply-for-nigerian-homes-and-offices/lois-o-nwobodo
Lecture 1 micro hydro basics and status in nepalshahabuddin khan
Micro-hydro basics and status in Nepal (2 hours)
This document discusses micro-hydro power, including its advantages over other renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It explains typical system components like weirs, penstocks, and turbines. It also covers micro-hydro design approaches and factors considered like capacity and demand surveys. Finally, it provides an overview of micro-hydro development in Nepal, noting that as of 2008/2009 there were over 1,900 micro-hydro plants installed with a total capacity of 13.9 MW. Key organizations involved in supporting micro-hydro in Nepal are also identified.
This document provides an overview of hydropower development in India. It discusses:
1) The history of hydropower and its current status as a major source of electricity worldwide and in India.
2) The challenges facing hydropower development in India, including low exploitation of potential, power shortages, and declining proportion of hydro capacity.
3) The initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote hydropower, such as increased funding, basin-wise development, and simplifying approval processes.
Design and fabrication of perpetual motion hydroelectric power GeneratorIRJASH
Perpetual Motion Hydroelectric Generators is a system which generates electricity by using the potential energy of falling water under two circumstances, firstly for power generation and secondly for recirculation of water. These types of systems can be extremely useful in rural regions where there is a shortage of electricity as well as a limited supply of water. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a hydroelectric generator as well as a hydraulic ram pump. Emphasis is given to the calculation of power produced, discharge and the efficiency of the ram pump. The results obtained are validated with respect to standard fluid mechanics calculations.
Keywords: Recirculation, Hydroelectric generator, Hydraulic ram, Power
This document provides details about a student project report on a model of a hydraulic power plant. It includes an introduction describing the components of a typical hydraulic power plant like the reservoir, dam, penstock, surge tank, turbine, power house, and generator. It also discusses the classification of hydraulic power plants based on factors like water availability and plant capacity. The document outlines the various elements of a hydraulic power plant in detail and explains the working principle. It acknowledges the guidance provided by the project supervisor and declares the fulfillment of degree requirements.
An interim report to to the US DOE on a project for designing and building a utility hydrogen energy storage system. The initial models for design and operation optimization are included.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses hydropower in India. It provides an introduction to hydropower, outlines its history in India, and discusses its current status and challenges. Some key points include:
- Hydropower is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that currently contributes around 22% of global electricity supply.
- The first hydropower dam in India was built in the early 1900s by Jamshedji Tata to supply power to textile mills.
- The government aims to realize India's full hydropower potential of 150,000 MW by 2025-26 to meet increasing energy demands.
- Major challenges include low exploitation of potential so far, technical difficulties, financial issues, and environmental/
This paper deals with a new technology by which water can be used as a fuel. Price of Petroleum oils
are increases day-by-day, affecting the lifestyle of common people as well as the national economy. Hence it is
necessary to have alternative for petroleum oil. Water can be used as a fuel in the form of Brown’s Gas, so we
have a plan to produce a Generator which works on Brown’s Gas which is obtained by the electrolysis of water. It
will be a unique type of Generator so it has huge market potential. Now–a-days every country spends a lot of
money on research and development on non-conventional energy resources. In world, the conventional energy
sources are limited and their consumption is very high, so alternative sources of energy have tremendous
potential in future. Nobody will think for a moment but it is reality that water can be used as electricity producing
agent, and hence as an energy resources. It is good news for environmentalists as It is made from water,
depending upon the set-up; it burns into combustion engine and releases oxygen into atmosphere. This method
increases the oxygen content in the atmosphere, which helps to solve environment degradation. Hence, this new
successful technology can be called as Green technology. Since Electricity is one of the important energy
resources. It is available at very limited places and consumption is much more. This causes war for electricity
which is not new for civilization but by this technology war can be overcome or may be ended soo n
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Feasibility Report of Small Hydroelectric Power PlantSulaman Muhammad
The aim of this project is to make the feasibility report of small
hydroelectric power generating station in small village of district Malakand, KPK, Pakistan. Required data (available head, flow of water, density etc.) was collected during site visit, through which appropriate turbine and capacity of was plant was calculated.
The document discusses a thesis submitted by Priyabrata Adhikary toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree in engineering. The thesis studies the design of a cost-effective and eco-friendly rural pico hydro plant. It examines the design of a 12V DC pico hydro plant installed in the drinking water pipeline of a rural water treatment plant. The thesis aims to help small hydro plant consultants, owners, and developers in bringing electricity to rural and remote hilly areas. It applies multi-criteria decision analysis methods to select optimal turbine suppliers and components. The research includes cognitive modeling, simulation, experimental testing, and validation of a pilot pico hydro plant.
The report details the proposed 10 MW Sagana-III run-of-river hydroelectric project on the Sagana River in Kenya. Key aspects include a diversion weir at 1274m elevation, 4.8 km water conductor system consisting of tunnels and channels, a forebay, 175m penstock bifurcating to two 1.9m pipes, and a 1210m elevation powerhouse with two 5MW turbines. The project will utilize a 58.46m head and 21.26 cumecs flow to generate an estimated 54 million kWh annually, connecting to the grid via a 7km transmission line. Financial analysis shows an equity IRR of 16.12% and average DSCR of 1.54x,
This document discusses the design and aims of a project to develop a cost-effective solar-powered water pump (SDP) for use by small-scale farmers in developing countries. The SDP is intended to provide irrigation with low operating costs as an alternative to expensive diesel pumps. The project aims to (i) fabricate a demonstration model, (ii) study the effects of solar concentration on water production, and (iii) recommend using mirrors to enhance system performance. The scope is limited to developing a model for small-scale irrigation to demonstrate feasibility and application of solar energy for pumping needs.
“GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY FROM SULLAGE WATER”IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a case study on generating electricity from sullage water in Amanora Park Town, Pune. Sullage water or greywater is generated from sources like sinks, showers and washing machines.
2) A methodology is proposed to install a Pelton turbine that would be rotated by the flow of sullage water from the septic tank or household drains. As the water falls on the turbine, it would generate electricity.
3) Calculations show that around 153 kWh of electricity could be generated per day from the 3 million liters of sullage water generated in Amanora Park Town. This could help power street lights and other infrastructure.
Renewable Energy Based Floating Power Generator (Rivers and Canals)IJERA Editor
1) Researchers in India have developed a floating power generator system that can generate electricity from flowing water in rivers and canals without needing to be permanently installed.
2) The system consists of fiberglass floats connected to a water wheel that spins a waterproof generator as water flows between the floats.
3) Testing of a prototype in Mahi River in India showed it could generate up to 250 watts of power at a water flow rate of 6 cubic meters per second.
IRJET- Design of Small Hydro Electric Power Plant at CheeyapparaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a small hydroelectric power plant proposed for Cheeyappara, Kerala, India. A reconnaissance survey identified a suitable location with a head of up to 100m. An ogee-type diversion weir and intake gate, 100m penstock, and 15x8x10m powerhouse are proposed. A cross-flow turbine with horizontal shaft is selected due to the head and discharge. Power calculations estimate the plant could generate 700kW, with two 350kW units proposed. The total cost is estimated at 295 lakhs with a cost of Rs.5.17/kWh and sale rate of Rs.5.46/kWh, yielding a payback period of
IRJET- Train Impact Analysis on Prestressed Concrete GirderIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing open canal distribution networks with pressurized pipeline distribution networks to improve water management efficiency in irrigation projects. Open canals experience significant water losses through evaporation, seepage, theft, and poor maintenance. Replacing canals with underground pipelines can reduce these losses while allowing for improved water control and measurement. The document reviews literature on this topic and outlines the objectives and need for a study comparing canal and pipeline systems. Key advantages of pipeline networks include reduced land acquisition and maintenance costs, minimized water losses, and ability to implement precision irrigation methods. However, pipeline systems require higher initial investment. The document also provides sample pipeline design calculations and concludes more research is needed on selection criteria to determine the most appropriate system for different
Multi turbine micro hydro power generationIjrdt Journal
Increase in human population has increased the demand for energy. Fossil fuels are the major source to meet the world energy requirements, but its rapidly dwindling supply and its adverse effects on our ecological system are of major concern. In India over 70 % of the electricity generated is from coal based power plants. Other renewable such as wind, geothermal, solar, and hydroelectricity represent a 2% share of the Indian fuel mix. Fossil fuels (coal) are a major source of power production in India. Our concept features the run of river active setup of micro hydro power generation using simple gear mechanism. This concept is based on the collection of mechanical energy from two rotors spinning by the effect of higher river velocity and transmission of power from the rotors to a small pinion gear which runs the generator shaft, through two large driver gears attached to the shafts of two rotors. This method of power production is comparatively simpler than others. The objectives of our project include low cost, higher output, environment friendly power production, multiple setups in one row, and decrease the power shortage in India.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting systems. It begins with an introduction describing rainwater harvesting as the collection and storage of rainwater for later use. It then discusses related work on rainwater harvesting projects at universities. The methodology section outlines the components of a rainwater harvesting system and methods for storing harvested rainwater. Results are presented on water levels from monitoring wells before and after monsoon seasons from 2002-2011. Finally, conclusions state that rainwater harvesting can help solve water scarcity issues and save energy from well pumping while providing household water.
1 Computational and Experimental Investigation of Runner for Gravitational Wa...MaFeEvangelineSapon1
This document summarizes a study that investigated different runner designs for a gravitational water vortex power plant (GWVPP) through computational and experimental methods. Three runner designs with straight, twisted, and curved blade profiles were modeled and analyzed computationally using ANSYS CFX to evaluate their efficiencies. The curved blade profile was found to have the highest efficiency of 82%, compared to 46% for straight blades and 63% for twisted blades. An experimental test of the turbine system validated the computational analysis, showing the curved blade runner achieved a peak efficiency of 71% at a head of 0.5m, behaving as predicted.
MICRO PROJECT ON , HYDROELECTRICITY & HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT Al KAREEM SHAIKH
This document discusses hydroelectricity and hydroelectric power plants. It begins by providing background on hydroelectricity, noting that it generates 16.6% of the world's electricity through converting the potential energy of water into electricity. It then describes the basic construction and working of hydroelectric power plants. Dams are used to store water in a reservoir, which is then sent through a turbine to spin a generator and produce electricity. The document outlines the main types of hydroelectric power plants, including conventional dams, pumped storage, run-of-the-river, and tide power. Conventional dams have the largest reservoirs while run-of-the-river plants rely on continuous water flow without significant storage. Pumped storage involves pumping
This document provides an introduction to small hydropower projects in Pakistan. It defines small hydropower as having an installed capacity of less than 10MW. Small hydropower has several advantages over large hydropower projects, such as being more environmentally friendly with less social impacts. Pakistan has significant untapped small hydropower potential, estimated at over 1,800MW across its provinces. Several organizations have implemented small hydropower projects in Pakistan to provide electricity to off-grid rural communities. Overall, small hydropower can help address Pakistan's energy needs in a sustainable manner.
DESIGN PLANNING OF MICRO-HYDRO POWER PLANT IN JANGAILULU RIVERIAEME Publication
Jangailuluvillage is a village that has not been reached by PLN, so people still use diesel fuel as a fuel for generators. Whereas in the village, there is potential for discharge and high fall which can be used as a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). The PLTMH is planned to use a water level regulator (weir) that directs the flow to the intake channel and flows back towards the Jangailulu River. To determine the design debit using a mainstay discharge with a probability of 90%. The discharge is then used to determinethe hydraulic design of the carrier channel. Also, weirs are also needed to raise the water level. Determination of turbines using a graph of the ratio of height to fall and discharge. The results of Q90 discharge calculation = 0.650 m3 /s. The dam is planned with a width of 18 m and a height of 1.5 m. With a height falling of 8 m, the Jangailulu MHP uses a turbine propeller. The power generated from Jangailulu MHP is 33.39 kW
DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPACITY BY USING WATERCADIAEME Publication
This document describes a study that used WaterCAD software to analyze and develop the clean water distribution network for Kedungkandang District in Malang, Indonesia. The study projected the population to reach 27,284 people by 2031. It determined the average daily clean water need would be 41,763 liters/second and peak hour need would be 65,150 liters/second. Hydraulic simulations found the water pressure would be between 1.6-2.3 atmospheres and velocities between 0.47-1.85 meters/second, meeting design criteria. The study concluded the existing network was sufficient with some pipe diameter changes required for development.
Hydraulic Model Studies for Evaluating the Performance of Energy Dissipater’s...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a case study of hydraulic model studies conducted to evaluate the performance of an energy dissipater in the form of a curved stilling basin to protect the right bank of a river near a dam. A physical model was constructed at a scale of 1:70 to study the hydraulic parameters of the spillway design such as discharge capacity, water surface profiles, pressure distributions, and to finalize the design of the curved stilling basin energy dissipater. A literature review discussed previous studies on energy dissipation from spillways. The methodology of the study including collecting prototype data, model construction, installation of instrumentation, and conducting tests is described.
“WATER DEMAND FORECASTING AND DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM/NETWORK AT ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that used EPANET software to design a water distribution system for Pohale Turf Borgaon village. It involved forecasting the village's population for three decades to determine current and future water demands. An existing distribution system was analyzed to identify problems. Google Earth Pro and AutoCAD were used to map the area and design a pipe network in EPANET. Hydraulic analysis in EPANET validated that pressures and flows met demands. The results provide an optimized water distribution system for the study area.
IRJET- Design of a Closed Channel Fluid Flow System for Piezoelectric Ene...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a closed channel fluid flow system to harvest piezoelectric energy from water flow. The system uses lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric patches placed in a flange coupling within a water pipe. As water flows through the pipe and strikes the patches, pressure is converted to electric potential using the piezoelectric effect. A full-bridge rectifier and voltage doubler circuit are used to convert the alternating current output to a usable direct current. The system aims to provide a renewable energy source by extracting energy from wasted water flow in places like homes, industries and power plants.
Dam Break Analysis of Idukki Dam using HEC RASIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of dam break analysis of Idukki Arch Dam in Kerala, India using HEC-RAS software. Idukki reservoir consists of three dams - Idukki dam, Cheruthoni dam and Kulamavu dam. The study aims to model the flood wave produced by a potential dam breach scenario and map the downstream inundation areas. HEC-RAS is used to simulate the unsteady flow and dynamic nature of the flood wave resulting from a dam breach. Key inputs to the HEC-RAS model include breach parameters, reservoir characteristics, cross sectional geometry, and Manning's roughness coefficients. The results can help develop emergency response plans to mitigate loss of
Generation of Hydroelectricity By Sea Wavesvivatechijri
Oscillation Wave Column (Owc) is generation of electricity and most popular categories of wave
energy device. They work on the natural wave action i.e alternate compression & decompression of Trapped Air to
generate electricity. In the view of rising population & more consumption of electricity, alternative thinking for
generation of electricity for future use is essential. In recent years the application of generation of hydroelectricity
(By OWC) in most of the country is widely acceptable. The Main objective of present research work is to provide &
popularize the simple, feasible, ecofriendly, renewable source for generation of electricity. OWC technology in
such a type of system, which hardness energy from oscillation of seawater into chamber & converts wave energy
into electrical energy with low energy impact
IRJET- A Comparative Study of the Existing and Proposed Sewage Treatment ...IRJET Journal
The document compares the existing and proposed sewage treatment plants in the Kudalwadi basin of Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in Pune, India in terms of pragmatic feasibility, cost efficiency, and sustainability. The existing plant is located at a higher altitude than the collection points, requiring pumping that increases costs. The proposed plant would be located directly on the Indrayani River bank, allowing treated effluent to be discharged directly into the river without pumping. This lowers costs and reduces pollution in the local area. The document concludes the proposed plant is a better alternative to the existing plant in terms of pragmatic feasibility, cost efficiency, and sustainability.
WATER PURIFICATION USING HIGH VOLTAGE PLASMAIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on using plasma to purify water. Plasma is generated using a high voltage generator between electrodes submerged in water.
2) Experiments show that plasma treatment significantly reduces the number of microorganisms and dissolved ions in water. It is an effective method for removing various contaminants from water.
3) While plasma water purification has advantages over traditional methods, further research is needed to optimize plasma generation and improve energy efficiency for large-scale applications.
The document describes a mobile solar water purifier designed by students and professors from Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology. The purifier uses solar energy to power a pump that pushes water through an RO membrane to remove bacteria, producing purified drinking water. When solar energy is insufficient, it can run on electricity. It is portable via a trolley and aims to provide low-cost drinking water, especially in rural areas without reliable electricity. Testing showed the purified water had lower TDS, hardness, and turbidity than the input water. The system provides a sustainable way to obtain clean water without energy costs where grid access is limited.
IRJET- A Study of Application of Qanat System using Modern Techniques for Oas...IRJET Journal
This document discusses applying modern techniques to revive the ancient Qanat water supply system to transport water from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas for irrigation and drinking. It analyzes a case study of a potential Qanat system between Pimpalgaon Joga Dam and Sawarne Village in India. The document outlines the methodology, including selecting an appropriate site, understanding local water needs and soil properties. It presents computations for the proposed Qanat alignment, depth, air vent shafts and water requirements. The document concludes the Qanat system could reliably supply water for irrigation and daily use in the water-scarce area studied.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)