This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nuclear fission and fusion. It begins with acknowledging those who assisted in preparing the topic. It then outlines the topics to be covered, including the history of fission and fusion discovery, definitions, types of fission (spontaneous and induced), chain reactions, applications, and differences between fission and fusion. Details are provided on spontaneous and induced fission. The document concludes by defining nuclear fission as the splitting of a large atom into smaller ones through neutron impact and nuclear fusion as several small nuclei fusing together to release energy.

1. Seminar on
NUCLEAR FISSION & FUSION
Submitted By:
Pratimesh Umesh Pathak
Submitted To:
Prof. G.R.Jadhao Sir
Prof. S.S.Nimje Mam

2. I have made this presentation file on the topic
Nuclear Fission & Fusion. I have tried my best to
present all the details Information about this topic.
In the beginning I have tried to give you general information on
this topic.
I express my sincere gratitude to Prof .G.R. Jadhao sir
& Prof. S.S.Nimje Mam who assisting me throughout the
preparation of this topic. I Thanks to our Laboratory attendant
Shri. D.S.More Sir. I also thank to all for providing me the
confidence , performing act and most importantly the track of
the topic whenever I needed it.

3.  History.
 Definition of fission & Fusion.
 Types of Fission.
 Spontaneous Fission.
 Induced Fission.
 Chain Reaction.
 Applications.
 Differences.
 Conclusion.

4.  Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on
December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his
assistant Fritz Strassmann and explained theoretically in
January 1939 by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert
Frisch.
 Nuclear fusion in 1929 Robert Atkinson and Fritz
Houtermans used the measured masses of light elements
to predict that large amounts of energy could be released
by fusing small nuclei.

6. There are 2 types of fission that exist:
 Spontaneous Fission: Nuclei consisting of protons,
electrostatic force of repulsion between them exceeds the
nuclear binding force hence nuclei undergoes spontaneous
fission
 Induced Fission: When neutron is bombarded on heavy
nucleus it makes nucleus unstable this unstable nucleus
undergoes fission and split into two fragment. Such fission is
called as induced fission.

7. Several heavy elements, such as uranium, thorium, and plutonium, undergo
both spontaneous fission, a form of radioactive decay and induced fission, a form
of nuclear reaction as shown in following figure.

8. Nuclear power plant: Fission is use to produce energy and heat.
Control rods: A controlled chain reaction in a reactor used in nuclear power
plants to produce electricity.
Atomic Bomb: Explosive Fission reaction use to create Atomic Bomb.
Electricity : Nuclear fusion use to produce Electricity .
Abundant fuel supply : Deuterium from sea water and excess tritium use as
fuel.
Fusion reactors : Use to make less radiation than the natural background
radiation etc.

9. Fission Fusion
Definition Fission is the splitting of a
large atom into two or more
smaller ones.
Fusion is the fusing of two or
more lighter atoms into a larger
one.
Occurrence Fission reaction does not
normally occur in nature.
Fusion occurs in stars, such as
the sun.
Energy
Requirement
Takes little energy to split
two atoms in a fission
reaction.
Extremely high energy is
required to bring two or more
protons.
Energy
Released
The energy released by
fission is a million times
greater than that released in
chemical reactions, but
lower than the energy
released by nuclear fusion.
The Energy released by fusion
is three to four times greater
than the energy released by
fission.
Energy
production
Fission is used in nuclear
power plants.
Fusion is an experimental
technology for producing
power.

10. NUCLEAR FISSION:
A large nucleus splits into several
small nuclei when impacted by a
neutron, and energy is released in
this process .
NUCLEAR FUSION :
Several small nuclei fuse
together and release energy.

11. Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion