Centrifugal pump, Positive displacement pump, Mechanical seal, Bearings, Valves, Distillation units, Dismentalling and assembly of pump, A case study...
Cavitation in pumps occurs when vapor bubbles form in areas of low pressure and then implode in areas of higher pressure, damaging pump vanes. Calculating net positive suction head (NPSH) is important for preventing cavitation. NPSH compares the actual pressure of fluid at the pump inlet (NPSHA) to the minimum pressure required by the pump to prevent bubble formation (NPSHreq). Maintaining NPSHA above NPSHreq through methods like pressurizing the suction source can help reduce cavitation.
The document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles and operation. It describes the main parts of a centrifugal pump like the impeller, casing, shaft, and bearings. It explains key concepts such as pump head, net positive suction head (NPSH), affinity laws, and pump curves. The document also covers pump operation, including proper start up and shut down procedures, as well as potential problems that can occur.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps and valves. It begins by explaining that pumps are the "heart" of hydraulic systems and their main function is to draw oil from a tank and deliver it at sufficient pressure throughout the system. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by physically displacing a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, while centrifugal pumps use a rotating impeller to impart centrifugal force and propel fluid outward. The document also covers the basic workings of reciprocating and centrifugal pumps. It then discusses considerations for selecting an appropriate pump type. Finally, it defines valves, their functions, common classifications, basic components, and factors to consider when selecting a valve for
This document provides information about hydraulic control valves. It discusses various types of control valves like pressure regulating valves, relief valves, poppet valves, piston valves, pilot operated valves, directional control valves, flow control valves, check valves and makeup valves. It describes the construction, working, symbols and applications of these valves. It also talks about hydraulic circuit connections like tandem, series and parallel and uses of restrictions like orifices and chokes in hydraulic systems.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
The document discusses different types of valves and pumps used in pipelines. It describes plug cock valves, globe valves, gate valves, diaphragm valves, quick opening valves, and check valves. For pumps, it covers reciprocating pumps and their components. Reciprocating pumps work by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth to suck and discharge liquid. Rotary pumps are also discussed, specifically gear pumps which are a type of positive displacement rotary pump.
Pressure Reducing Valve or simply PRV is a type of valve which is used to reduce the downstream pressure to the desired level in any piping system. It is generally used where the main line carries the fluid at very high pressure and it is advisable to reduce the pressure in the branch line to save the appliances from getting damaged due to the impact of high pressure. Not only the pressure, it also helps in reducing the water wastages, noise and vibration, water hammering effect thus minimizing the maintenance cost and maximizing the life of the appliances like pipe fittings, taps, water heater etc
Cavitation in pumps occurs when vapor bubbles form in areas of low pressure and then implode in areas of higher pressure, damaging pump vanes. Calculating net positive suction head (NPSH) is important for preventing cavitation. NPSH compares the actual pressure of fluid at the pump inlet (NPSHA) to the minimum pressure required by the pump to prevent bubble formation (NPSHreq). Maintaining NPSHA above NPSHreq through methods like pressurizing the suction source can help reduce cavitation.
The document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles and operation. It describes the main parts of a centrifugal pump like the impeller, casing, shaft, and bearings. It explains key concepts such as pump head, net positive suction head (NPSH), affinity laws, and pump curves. The document also covers pump operation, including proper start up and shut down procedures, as well as potential problems that can occur.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps and valves. It begins by explaining that pumps are the "heart" of hydraulic systems and their main function is to draw oil from a tank and deliver it at sufficient pressure throughout the system. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by physically displacing a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, while centrifugal pumps use a rotating impeller to impart centrifugal force and propel fluid outward. The document also covers the basic workings of reciprocating and centrifugal pumps. It then discusses considerations for selecting an appropriate pump type. Finally, it defines valves, their functions, common classifications, basic components, and factors to consider when selecting a valve for
This document provides information about hydraulic control valves. It discusses various types of control valves like pressure regulating valves, relief valves, poppet valves, piston valves, pilot operated valves, directional control valves, flow control valves, check valves and makeup valves. It describes the construction, working, symbols and applications of these valves. It also talks about hydraulic circuit connections like tandem, series and parallel and uses of restrictions like orifices and chokes in hydraulic systems.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
The document discusses different types of valves and pumps used in pipelines. It describes plug cock valves, globe valves, gate valves, diaphragm valves, quick opening valves, and check valves. For pumps, it covers reciprocating pumps and their components. Reciprocating pumps work by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth to suck and discharge liquid. Rotary pumps are also discussed, specifically gear pumps which are a type of positive displacement rotary pump.
Pressure Reducing Valve or simply PRV is a type of valve which is used to reduce the downstream pressure to the desired level in any piping system. It is generally used where the main line carries the fluid at very high pressure and it is advisable to reduce the pressure in the branch line to save the appliances from getting damaged due to the impact of high pressure. Not only the pressure, it also helps in reducing the water wastages, noise and vibration, water hammering effect thus minimizing the maintenance cost and maximizing the life of the appliances like pipe fittings, taps, water heater etc
Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into pressure energy by using a prime mover to mechanically act on liquid. There are two main types of pumps: rotodynamic pumps which use kinetic energy to provide continuous flow, such as centrifugal pumps; and positive-displacement pumps which displace a fixed volume of liquid per cycle through close tolerances, such as piston pumps and gear pumps. Positive-displacement pumps are often used for high viscosity liquids, high pressure applications, or where high accuracy of liquid delivery is required.
The document summarizes key concepts in hydraulics including:
1. Hydraulics uses liquids to transmit force via Pascal's law, where pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout a confined liquid.
2. Key components include pumps to pressurize fluid, cylinders to convert hydraulic power into mechanical motion, and control valves to direct fluid flow.
3. There are different types of hydraulic systems, pumps, cylinders and valves that are suited to various applications and pressure requirements.
This document discusses Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and cavitation in pumps. It defines key terms like NPSH, NPSHA, NPSHR. NPSH is the net positive pressure at the pump inlet to prevent vaporization. NPSHR increases with flow rate and is pump-specific. NPSHA must exceed NPSHR to avoid cavitation. The document provides a formula to calculate maximum pump elevation above a reservoir based on NPSHR, friction losses, and vapor pressure. It notes symptoms of low NPSH like noise, wear, and performance issues.
In this day and age of automated computer control valve sizing, the logic and theories behind it are invisible. In his presentation, Al Holton of Allagash Valve & Controls will look at the basic principles that apply and how they affect the application and installation of a wide range of control valve types. He will also review the reasoning behind valve type selection.
This document discusses gear pumps, including their operation, types, maintenance, and uses. It begins by defining pumps as devices that add energy to fluids to move them from one point to another. It then explains that gear pumps are a type of rotary, positive displacement pump that uses meshing gears to pump liquids. The document describes how gear pumps work by trapping liquid between gear teeth and casing as the gears rotate. It also discusses gear pump components, maintenance like checking clearances and changing seals, the use of relief valves for safety, and applications like pumping fuels and lubricants.
Improve production from your SRP wells by as much as 30%Steve Glasgow
DNOW are proud to introduce the Black Gold Double Displacement Pump. Increase your production by up to 30% with an improved downhole pumps that does not increase load on the surface pumping unit.
Production restriction in slim hole wells? Try the double displacement pump from DNOW / Black Gold.
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pressure control valves. It describes pressure relief valves, pilot operated relief valves, sequence control valves, and other types. Pressure relief valves limit pressure by diverting fluid to the reservoir when pressure reaches a set point. Pilot operated relief valves use a piston or spool controlled by a pilot valve. Sequence valves provide flow to a second actuator after the first reaches a threshold pressure. The document also provides examples of applications for different valve types.
The document discusses different types of adjustable pressure limiting valves used in hydraulic systems, including:
- Pressure relief valves, which limit pressure buildup by diverting excess fluid to the reservoir.
- Pilot-operated relief valves, which use a balanced piston or spool to block fluid passage until excess pressure causes it to slide and allow bypassing to the reservoir.
- Sequence valves, which provide flow to a second consumer once the pressure at a first consumer reaches a threshold.
- Counter-balance valves, which control cylinders to prevent free-falling and are commonly used in forklifts, loaders, and excavators.
- Pressure-reducing valves, which maintain a reduced pressure in certain
Centrifugal pumps are machines which use centrifugal force to move liquids. In this program, you will learn the principles, parts, and general operation of these pumps, what pump efficiency is, and how head and pressure are calculated.
This document discusses suction mode pumps, force mode pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It provides details on the key parts and functions of suction mode pumps including the seal, shaft, impeller, bearing, and casing. Centrifugal pumps are described as having a simple construction, producing a constant discharge, and being easy to operate. Submersible pumps are discussed as examples of force mode pumps, with applications in drainage, sewage, and industrial pumping. The document concludes with thanks to all attendees of the presentation.
Pumps, Types of Pumps, Classification of Pumps and Characteristics of Pumps.Talal Khan
This Presentation Discus Pumps(Centrifugal and Positive Displacement) Also it Discusses other properties of pumps.
It also consists of Images and animations of the Pumps.
The document summarizes different types of pressure control valves used in hydraulic systems. It describes pressure relief valves, pressure reducing valves, unloading valves, counterbalance valves, and pressure sequence valves. Each type of valve is explained in terms of its working, symbol, and purpose of controlling pressure in hydraulic circuits. Compound versions of some valves are also discussed.
Hello everyone this is N Murali Mohan, working as a assistant professor in JNTUA college of engineering pulivendula, in this chapter covers the all topics, if any topics missing please inform I will correct and then upload.. thank you all
Centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to push liquid outwards from the center of an impeller. As the liquid passes through the impeller and then the volute casing, its kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy. The main components are the shaft, impeller, and volute casing. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on how fluid enters the impeller as open, semi-open, or closed. Radial pumps produce high pressure but low flow, while axial pumps operate at lower pressure but higher flow. Mixed flow pumps provide a balance of pressure and flow. Centrifugal pumps require priming to fill the impeller before startup.
If we're running two pumps, why aren't we getting twice as much flow?Brian Gongol
The document discusses why running two pumps in parallel does not necessarily result in twice the flow. It explains that parallel pumping is best on a flat system head curve but usually provides little benefit on a steep curve. Series and parallel-series pumping are presented as alternatives that can improve flow in some situations by keeping pumps within their performance ranges. Parallel-series pumping allows each pump to handle average daily flows, but converts one pump to series operation for higher flows. This arrangement provides benefits over simple parallel or series configurations. Examples are provided to illustrate different pumping scenarios.
The document discusses treasury operations at Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) in India. It outlines the objectives of NRL's treasury operations which include managing funds, ensuring timely payments, monitoring collections, and managing the payment-collection cycle. The study finds that NRL's key treasury functions are to optimize the cost of funds, balance working capital loans and cash credits, and verify cash balances daily. The finance department oversees the refinery's treasury, accounts, and other financial operations.
Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into pressure energy by using a prime mover to mechanically act on liquid. There are two main types of pumps: rotodynamic pumps which use kinetic energy to provide continuous flow, such as centrifugal pumps; and positive-displacement pumps which displace a fixed volume of liquid per cycle through close tolerances, such as piston pumps and gear pumps. Positive-displacement pumps are often used for high viscosity liquids, high pressure applications, or where high accuracy of liquid delivery is required.
The document summarizes key concepts in hydraulics including:
1. Hydraulics uses liquids to transmit force via Pascal's law, where pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout a confined liquid.
2. Key components include pumps to pressurize fluid, cylinders to convert hydraulic power into mechanical motion, and control valves to direct fluid flow.
3. There are different types of hydraulic systems, pumps, cylinders and valves that are suited to various applications and pressure requirements.
This document discusses Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and cavitation in pumps. It defines key terms like NPSH, NPSHA, NPSHR. NPSH is the net positive pressure at the pump inlet to prevent vaporization. NPSHR increases with flow rate and is pump-specific. NPSHA must exceed NPSHR to avoid cavitation. The document provides a formula to calculate maximum pump elevation above a reservoir based on NPSHR, friction losses, and vapor pressure. It notes symptoms of low NPSH like noise, wear, and performance issues.
In this day and age of automated computer control valve sizing, the logic and theories behind it are invisible. In his presentation, Al Holton of Allagash Valve & Controls will look at the basic principles that apply and how they affect the application and installation of a wide range of control valve types. He will also review the reasoning behind valve type selection.
This document discusses gear pumps, including their operation, types, maintenance, and uses. It begins by defining pumps as devices that add energy to fluids to move them from one point to another. It then explains that gear pumps are a type of rotary, positive displacement pump that uses meshing gears to pump liquids. The document describes how gear pumps work by trapping liquid between gear teeth and casing as the gears rotate. It also discusses gear pump components, maintenance like checking clearances and changing seals, the use of relief valves for safety, and applications like pumping fuels and lubricants.
Improve production from your SRP wells by as much as 30%Steve Glasgow
DNOW are proud to introduce the Black Gold Double Displacement Pump. Increase your production by up to 30% with an improved downhole pumps that does not increase load on the surface pumping unit.
Production restriction in slim hole wells? Try the double displacement pump from DNOW / Black Gold.
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pressure control valves. It describes pressure relief valves, pilot operated relief valves, sequence control valves, and other types. Pressure relief valves limit pressure by diverting fluid to the reservoir when pressure reaches a set point. Pilot operated relief valves use a piston or spool controlled by a pilot valve. Sequence valves provide flow to a second actuator after the first reaches a threshold pressure. The document also provides examples of applications for different valve types.
The document discusses different types of adjustable pressure limiting valves used in hydraulic systems, including:
- Pressure relief valves, which limit pressure buildup by diverting excess fluid to the reservoir.
- Pilot-operated relief valves, which use a balanced piston or spool to block fluid passage until excess pressure causes it to slide and allow bypassing to the reservoir.
- Sequence valves, which provide flow to a second consumer once the pressure at a first consumer reaches a threshold.
- Counter-balance valves, which control cylinders to prevent free-falling and are commonly used in forklifts, loaders, and excavators.
- Pressure-reducing valves, which maintain a reduced pressure in certain
Centrifugal pumps are machines which use centrifugal force to move liquids. In this program, you will learn the principles, parts, and general operation of these pumps, what pump efficiency is, and how head and pressure are calculated.
This document discusses suction mode pumps, force mode pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It provides details on the key parts and functions of suction mode pumps including the seal, shaft, impeller, bearing, and casing. Centrifugal pumps are described as having a simple construction, producing a constant discharge, and being easy to operate. Submersible pumps are discussed as examples of force mode pumps, with applications in drainage, sewage, and industrial pumping. The document concludes with thanks to all attendees of the presentation.
Pumps, Types of Pumps, Classification of Pumps and Characteristics of Pumps.Talal Khan
This Presentation Discus Pumps(Centrifugal and Positive Displacement) Also it Discusses other properties of pumps.
It also consists of Images and animations of the Pumps.
The document summarizes different types of pressure control valves used in hydraulic systems. It describes pressure relief valves, pressure reducing valves, unloading valves, counterbalance valves, and pressure sequence valves. Each type of valve is explained in terms of its working, symbol, and purpose of controlling pressure in hydraulic circuits. Compound versions of some valves are also discussed.
Hello everyone this is N Murali Mohan, working as a assistant professor in JNTUA college of engineering pulivendula, in this chapter covers the all topics, if any topics missing please inform I will correct and then upload.. thank you all
Centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to push liquid outwards from the center of an impeller. As the liquid passes through the impeller and then the volute casing, its kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy. The main components are the shaft, impeller, and volute casing. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on how fluid enters the impeller as open, semi-open, or closed. Radial pumps produce high pressure but low flow, while axial pumps operate at lower pressure but higher flow. Mixed flow pumps provide a balance of pressure and flow. Centrifugal pumps require priming to fill the impeller before startup.
If we're running two pumps, why aren't we getting twice as much flow?Brian Gongol
The document discusses why running two pumps in parallel does not necessarily result in twice the flow. It explains that parallel pumping is best on a flat system head curve but usually provides little benefit on a steep curve. Series and parallel-series pumping are presented as alternatives that can improve flow in some situations by keeping pumps within their performance ranges. Parallel-series pumping allows each pump to handle average daily flows, but converts one pump to series operation for higher flows. This arrangement provides benefits over simple parallel or series configurations. Examples are provided to illustrate different pumping scenarios.
The document discusses treasury operations at Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) in India. It outlines the objectives of NRL's treasury operations which include managing funds, ensuring timely payments, monitoring collections, and managing the payment-collection cycle. The study finds that NRL's key treasury functions are to optimize the cost of funds, balance working capital loans and cash credits, and verify cash balances daily. The finance department oversees the refinery's treasury, accounts, and other financial operations.
16. NECS 2016 _ Energy - Expanding the oil &; gas potential for north east- M...FICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit,2016 on Expanding the oil &; gas potential for Northeast by Mr. P. Padmanabhan, Managing Director, NRL
Pipelines are an efficient mode of transporting large quantities of liquids over long distances at low cost. They have advantages over surface transport like being unaffected by weather and not requiring return trips. Common types of pipelines include those for oil, natural gas, and water. A new pipeline is being built in India to transport refined products from a refinery to markets, which will increase the refinery's profits by reducing transportation costs and allowing higher capacity utilization.
The document discusses how centrifugal pumps work. It explains that fluid enters the impeller axially and is accelerated radially by centrifugal force, gaining pressure and velocity. The kinetic energy is partly converted to pressure energy in the volute casing. A centrifugal pump has a rotating impeller and stationary volute casing. Impellers can be open, semi-open, or enclosed, and pumps are classified by flow as radial, axial, or mixed. Multi-stage pumps contain multiple impellers to achieve higher pressures.
Introduction to Pumps , Compressors,Fans & Blowers.pdfSana Khan
Centrifugal and positive displacement pumps are the two main categories of pumps. Centrifugal pumps use a rotating impeller to increase the velocity and pressure of a fluid. Positive displacement pumps use reciprocating or rotary mechanisms to move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle. Common types of positive displacement pumps include piston pumps, plunger pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, and screw pumps. The performance of a pump can be shown through a pump curve, with head on the y-axis and flow rate on the x-axis. When a pump curve is overlaid with a system curve showing head loss versus flow rate, their point of intersection indicates the pump's operating point when used in that system.
INTRODUCTION TO PUMPS, COMPRESSORS, FANS & BLOWERS.pdfBagusSigit3
Centrifugal pumps operate by using a rotating impeller to impart velocity energy to the fluid being pumped. As the fluid passes through the impeller blades, it is accelerated outward and converted to pressure energy upon exiting the pump casing. There are two main categories of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid per rotation, and centrifugal pumps which increase fluid velocity and pressure through centrifugal action. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used and consist of an impeller, casing, and volute. Pump performance is represented by curves showing head versus flow rate. The operating point occurs where the pump curve intersects the system curve for a given application.
Pumps are used to deliver hydraulic fluid throughout a hydraulic circuit. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps and non-positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps precisely regulate fluid output with each cycle, while non-positive displacement pumps like centrifugal pumps rely on fluid velocity to move fluid and output varies with pressure. Common positive displacement pump designs include gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps which use rotating gears, vanes, or pistons to draw fluid in and push it out in fixed volumes. Selection of the appropriate pump type depends on factors like operating pressure, flow requirements, drive type, and tolerance to contamination.
1. The document discusses different types of positive displacement pumps including vane pumps, piston pumps, and gear pumps.
2. It describes the operation of fixed and variable displacement vane pumps and how their eccentricity affects flow rate.
3. The document also examines axial and radial piston pumps, comparing bent axis, swash plate, and radial designs. It provides examples of characteristics and applications for each type of pump.
The document discusses different types of pumps, including centrifugal and rotary pumps. It explains that centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force to raise water from a lower to higher level, while rotary pumps have vanes mounted on a rotor that rotates inside a cavity to pump fluids. The document also provides examples of common uses for different pumps and lists advantages such as low cost, maintenance, and space requirements for centrifugal pumps and the ability to handle high viscosity fluids for rotary pumps.
The document discusses different types of pumps used to transport liquids. It describes two main categories of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of liquid and forcing it into the discharge pipe. Common types include piston pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, and vane pumps. Rotodynamic pumps have a rotating impeller that increases the velocity of the liquid and discharges it through centrifugal force. The most common type is the centrifugal pump. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of how various pump types like axial piston pumps, bent axis pumps, swash plate pumps, and centrifugal pumps operate.
The document provides an overview of centrifugal pumps. It defines what a pump is and explains that a centrifugal pump works by using centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a fluid. The key components of a centrifugal pump are then described in detail, including the casing, impeller, shaft, couplings, and bearings. Different types of impellers and casings are also discussed.
The document discusses the basics of pumps, including their classification into dynamic and displacement pumps. Dynamic pumps continuously add energy to increase fluid velocity, while displacement pumps periodically add energy by directly applying force to the fluid. Pumps are further classified based on their mechanism and components, such as centrifugal, reciprocating, and rotary pumps. The document also covers pump terminology like suction and discharge heads, priming, and cavitation, as well as factors to consider when specifying a pump like capacity, total head, and NPSH.
Hydraulic machines use fluid motion to convert between hydraulic energy and mechanical energy. There are two main types - hydraulic turbines which convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy, and hydraulic pumps/compressors which convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. Pumps are then further classified based on their displacement and pumping motion, with the main types being centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps such as gear pumps. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force from an impeller to provide continuous flow, while positive displacement pumps eject fixed quantities of fluid per revolution through mechanisms like reciprocating motion or meshing gears.
Fundamentals of pumps I Types and overview I Gaurav Singh RajputGaurav Singh Rajput
This document provides an overview of different types of pumps, including their basic functions and applications. It discusses positive displacement pumps, which displace a fixed amount of liquid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps, which increase liquid velocity to convert it to pressure. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps like piston and diaphragm pumps, and rotary pumps like gear, lobe, screw, and vane pumps. Centrifugal pumps are high-flow pumps commonly used for water transportation. The document compares pump types and provides details on operation and examples of gear, lobe, screw, and vane rotary positive displacement pumps.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use external power to transfer fluids from one point to another. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps, rotary lobe pumps, progressing cavity pumps, piston/plunger pumps, dosing pumps, and vacuum pumps. Rotodynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps. Each pump type has different characteristics that make it suitable for various fluid transfer applications.
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move large volumes of liquid through the use of an impeller and volute. They have external components like couplings and internal components like impellers, bearings, shafts, and seals. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on factors such as shaft position, bearing position, impeller type, and number of impellers. Positive displacement pumps are alternatively used for low volume or high pressure applications, and work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid in a chamber and forcing it out. Common types include reciprocating, gear, screw, lobe, and piston pumps.
The document provides information about pumps, including:
1) Pumps are mechanical devices that use rotation or reciprocation to move fluid from one place to another by converting energy into hydraulic energy.
2) The main purposes of pumps are to transfer fluid from low to high pressure areas, from low to high elevations, and from local to distant locations.
3) There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to move fluid by spinning an impeller.
Three key points about reciprocating pumps from the document are:
1) Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers that oscillate back and forth to move water from lower to higher points, converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. They are commonly used for applications requiring variable flow rates or high pressures.
2) The main types are piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Piston pumps are often used to transmit fluids under pressure, while plunger pumps are efficient and can develop very high pressures. Diaphragm pumps can handle viscous or toxic liquids.
3) Reciprocating pumps can be single acting, where water is moved in one direction, or double
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Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of fluids. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to fluids using reciprocating or rotating components, while dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps use impellers to impart kinetic energy and convert it to pressure energy. Key factors in pump performance include types of heads like suction head, discharge head, and total head. Cavitation can occur if a pump's net positive suction head available is less than required.
Centrifugal pumps impart velocity energy to fluid using a rotating impeller, converting it to pressure energy. Positive displacement pumps physically move a fixed volume of fluid using movable boundaries. The main types are centrifugal, reciprocating, and rotary pumps. Centrifugal pumps are best for medium/high flows at low/medium pressures while reciprocating pumps work well for low flows at high pressures. Pump performance is represented through curves showing relationships between flow rate, pressure, and efficiency. Cavitation can damage pumps and occurs when local pressure drops below vapor pressure as bubbles form and violently collapse.
Centrifugal pumps impart velocity energy to fluid using a rotating impeller, converting it to pressure energy. Positive displacement pumps physically move a fixed volume of fluid using movable boundaries. The main types are centrifugal, reciprocating, and rotary pumps. Centrifugal pumps are best for medium/high flows at low/medium pressures while reciprocating pumps work well for low flows at high pressures. Pump performance is represented through curves showing relationships between flow rate, pressure, and efficiency. Cavitation can damage pumps and occurs when local pressure drops below vapor pressure as bubbles form and violently collapse.
Centrifugal pumps impart velocity energy to fluid using a rotating impeller, converting it to pressure energy. Positive displacement pumps physically move a fixed volume of fluid using movable boundaries. The main types are centrifugal, reciprocating, and rotary pumps. Centrifugal pumps are best for medium/high flows at low/medium pressures while reciprocating pumps work well for low flows at high pressures. Pump performance is represented through curves showing relationships between flow rate, pressure, and efficiency. Cavitation can damage pumps and occurs when local pressure drops below vapor pressure as bubbles form and violently collapse.
This document provides information on centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. It discusses the working principles, components, usages, and efficiencies of each pump type. For centrifugal pumps, the document explains how the impeller uses centrifugal force to move fluid outward from the center. It also covers volumetric, manometric, and mechanical efficiencies. For reciprocating pumps, it describes the single-acting and double-acting designs and how the reciprocating piston moves fluid in and out of the cylinder in each case. Common applications of each pump type are also listed.
This presentation discusses the design of a high efficiency Pelton turbine. A Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that works under high head but low discharge. It contains a number of buckets around its rim and its main component is the nozzle. The presentation outlines the key components of a Pelton turbine, including the distributor, housing, needle valve, runner, deflectors and turbine shaft. It also discusses the materials commonly used for buckets, nozzles and runners. Design calculations are presented for optimizing bucket dimensions. The presentation concludes with a discussion of efficiency but does not provide specific efficiency figures.
This document is a report submitted by five students on the design and fabrication of a wind turbine. It provides background on the evolution of wind turbines from water pumping mills to modern electricity generating turbines. It describes the main components of wind turbines, including the differences between vertical axis and horizontal axis designs. The report reviews several academic papers on topics like blade performance optimization, power generation potentials, and load prediction modeling. It also covers design considerations for wind turbines such as the number of blades, materials, and blade shape and angle of attack.
The document discusses the properties of materials. It begins with an introduction to materials properties and how they help determine how materials can be made and processed. It then discusses various types of material properties in more detail, including mechanical properties like stress-strain curves, physical properties like density and thermal expansion, electrical properties like conductivity and resistance, chemical properties like corrosion and flammability, and manufacturing properties like castability and weldability. In conclusion, the presentation provides an overview of key material properties and how they are useful for determining appropriate materials and processing conditions.
electricity generation from speed breakerFeroz Ahmed
This document proposes generating electricity from speed breakers using a rack and pinion mechanism. Vehicles passing over speed breakers produce kinetic energy that can be converted to mechanical energy using a rack and pinion system connected to a generator. The rack and pinion arrangement moves more efficiently than roller or air piston mechanisms. Calculations show a typical vehicle passing over a 15cm speed breaker could generate over 7 watts of power, enough to light street lamps. This presents a renewable energy solution that harnesses wasted kinetic energy from vehicles.
The document discusses design against fluctuating loads and fatigue failure. It introduces stress concentration factors and how to reduce stress concentrations through geometric design changes. It describes fluctuating stresses and how materials can fail under cyclic loading even at stresses below the yield stress. Various methods for analyzing fatigue life are presented, including endurance limits, S-N curves, and approaches like the Soderberg, Goodman and Gerber lines for evaluating finite and infinite fatigue life based on fluctuating stresses and mean stresses. Materials examples for components subjected to these conditions are given.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a body. It determines whether a body is in thermal equilibrium with others. Temperature is measured using various devices like liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermistors, thermocouples, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). These devices use different principles like thermal expansion of liquids, variation of electrical resistance with temperature, and Seebeck and Peltier effects to measure temperature. Common temperature scales include Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin and Rankine, which are related through defined formulas.
This document provides an overview of the key parts of a car, including the exterior, interior, chassis, brakes, suspension, and engine. It describes different types of cars such as hatchbacks, sedans, sports cars, and SUVs. The document then discusses the internal combustion engine, including the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes of the engine. It notes that the main internal pieces are the piston, rod, and crankshaft and that engines can be gasoline or diesel powered.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. PUMPS USED IN REFINERIESPUMPS USED IN REFINERIES
Presenting by-
Hirok Jan BarmanHirok Jan Barman (133)(133)
Saurav KonwarSaurav Konwar (056)(056)
Saifuddin Mirza AhmedSaifuddin Mirza Ahmed
(109)(109)
Deepak DolakashoriaDeepak Dolakashoria (107)(107)
Rijuan HussainRijuan Hussain (134)(134)
Lakshi Nandan BorahLakshi Nandan Borah (140)(140)
Feroz Ahmed MazumderFeroz Ahmed Mazumder
(017)
for the training seminar done at -
Don Bosco School of TechnologyDon Bosco School of Technology11
2. Introduction to NRL…..Introduction to NRL…..
Hydraulic Pumps…..Hydraulic Pumps…..
Sealing's used for pumps….Sealing's used for pumps….
Anti-friction & Journal bearings…..Anti-friction & Journal bearings…..
Flow controllers….Flow controllers….
Distillation units….Distillation units….
Dismantling techniques….Dismantling techniques….
A Case Study…..A Case Study…..
Friday, October 28, 2016
2
ContentsContents
3. 1. Proposal for Refinery included in “Assam Accord” : August 15, 1985
2. “NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED” incorporated : April 22, 1993
3. Commercial Production commenced : October 1, 2000
4. NRL became subsidiary of BPCL : March 31, 2001
5. BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED (BPCL)BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED (BPCL), GOVT. OF ASSAMGOVT. OF ASSAM & OIL INDIAOIL INDIA
LIMITEDLIMITEDare the promoters of the company having equity participation of 61.65%, 12.35% & 26%
respectively.
6. NRL is designed to process 3 million metric tonnes perannum(MMTPA) of indigenous crude
oil.
Products of the major units of the Refinery are LPG, Naphtha, Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF),LPG, Naphtha, Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF),
Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), Calcite Petroleum Coke (CCU) andSuperior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), Calcite Petroleum Coke (CCU) andFriday, October 28, 2016
3
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
4. Friday, October 28, 2016
4
HYDRAULIC PUMPSHYDRAULIC PUMPS
Pump converts input power
to kinetic energy using
centrifugal force.
Pump converts input power
to kinetic energy using
centrifugal force.
Pump makes to move a fluid by
trapping a fixed amount and forcing
that trapped volume into the discharged
pipe.
Pump makes to move a fluid by
trapping a fixed amount and forcing
that trapped volume into the discharged
pipe.
5. Consider a bottle containing water inside.Consider a bottle containing water inside. Figure - 1
If we make a hole at the bottom of bottle, then the water will comeIf we make a hole at the bottom of bottle, then the water will come
out of the bottle.out of the bottle.
Now, if we rotate the bottle at some speed, then the water flowNow, if we rotate the bottle at some speed, then the water flow
rate will increase, that is water will come out faster from bottle.rate will increase, that is water will come out faster from bottle.
This phenomenon is used inThis phenomenon is used in Centrifugal pumpCentrifugal pump.. Figure -
2
The two main parts of the pump are the impeller and the diffuser.The two main parts of the pump are the impeller and the diffuser.
Impeller, which is the only moving part, is attached to a shaft andImpeller, which is the only moving part, is attached to a shaft and
driven by a motor.driven by a motor.
The diffuser (also called as volute) houses the impeller andThe diffuser (also called as volute) houses the impeller and
captures and directs the water off the impeller.captures and directs the water off the impeller.
Impellers are of 3 types-Impellers are of 3 types- Open, Semi-open & Closed.Open, Semi-open & Closed.
Friday, October 28, 2016
5
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPCENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Figure-1Figure-2
Figure-3
6. Friday, October 28, 2016
6
Different parts of Centrifugal pumpDifferent parts of Centrifugal pump
1. Single suction pump1. Single suction pump
2. Double suction2. Double suction
pumppump
3. Over hanging pump3. Over hanging pump
4. Between Bearing4. Between Bearing
pumppump
5. Single stage pump5. Single stage pump
6. Multi stage pump6. Multi stage pump
Different classifications are-Different classifications are-
7. Friday, October 28, 2016
7
Working of centrifugal pumpWorking of centrifugal pump
Water enters through impeller eyeimpeller eye and exits the
impellerimpeller with the help of centrifugal force.
As it leaves the eye a low-pressure arealow-pressure area is created,
causing more water to flow into the eye.
Velocity is developed as the water flows through the
impeller spinning at high speed.
The water velocity is collected by the diffuserdiffuser and
converted to pressure by specially designedspecially designed
passageways that direct the flow to the discharge of
the pump.
A centrifugal pump is not positive actingnot positive acting; it will not
pump the same volume always.
Since the pump is a dynamic device, it is convenient
to consider the pressurepressure in terms of head i.e. meters ofmeters of
8. Friday, October 28, 2016
8
Cavitation & NPSHCavitation & NPSH
(Net positive suction head)
☻Liquids can vaporizevaporize at very low temperature when they are
subjected to low pressure.
☻Pump cavitationsPump cavitations occurs when the pressure at pump inlet drops
below the vapour pressure of the liquid.
☻It is sudden formation and collapse of low pressure bubblesof low pressure bubbles in the
liquid caused by the continuous rotation of the impeller, that forms highhigh
velocity jetsvelocity jets & impinges on impeller.
☻Due to this impact there is a metal removal processesmetal removal processes from the
impeller, which causes noise, vibration, and damage to pump’s
internal components.
☻Vaporization of liquid being pumped must not occur at any
condition as when liquid vaporizes its volume increases very much, &
less water is pumped.
☻Any decrease in external pressure or rise in operating
temperature can induce vaporization and the pump stops pumping, so
pump always needs to have sufficient amount of suction headsufficient amount of suction head to
9. Friday, October 28, 2016
9
Net positive suction headNet positive suction head
֍ NPSH Available (NPSH Available (NPSHA):): The available total suction head at
the pump inlet above the head corresponding to the vapour
pressure.
֍ NPSH Required (NPSH Required (NPSHR):): The minimum pressure required at
the suction port of the pump to keep the pump free from
cavitations.
֍ NPSHA is a function of your system and must be calculated,
whereas NPSHR is a function of the pump and must be provided
by the pump manufacturer.
֍NPSHA must be greater than NPSHR for the pump system to
operate without cavitations.
֍Net positive suction head available is calculated from-
10. Friday, October 28, 2016
10
Characteristics CurveCharacteristics Curve
♠ API 610 (American Petroleum Institute)API 610 (American Petroleum Institute) offers guidelines for pump selection
that will run uninterrupted for a minimum of 3 years and provide minimum 20
years of reliable service. A typical API 610 pump performance curve looks
like this :-
♠ Every pump has a Best Efficiency Point (BEP) which is the flow at which it
is operating at its highest efficiency.
♠ Rated flow is located between 80% -110%80% -110% of BEP. It is a point the customer
chooses to rate the pump.
♠ Preferred operating region should be between 70% - 120%70% - 120% of the BEP, this
is where the pump is expected to operate under normal conditions.
♠ Best Efficiency Curve looks like this :-
♠ Min flowMin flow is the minimum flow below which the pump should not be operated
otherwise it could be in danger of premature failure.
♠ Minimum continuous stable flowMinimum continuous stable flow, set by the manufacturer as the lowest flow
at which the pump can operate without exceeding the vibration limits imposed
by API 610.
♠ Minimum thermal flowMinimum thermal flow is defined as the “lowest flow at which the pump can
a) Always recommended to maintain minimum continuous
flow, or bypass/recirculation line is used for flow less
than minimum continuous flow.
b) Where, a separate pass line is used with a valve
connection to separate the fluid, given based upon how
much discharge is required.
11. Friday, October 28, 2016
11
RECIPROCATINGRECIPROCATING
PUMPPUMP
►A reciprocating pump isaclassof positive displacement pumppositive displacement pump which
includesthepiston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump.
►Often used wherearelatively small quantity of fluid isto behandled and where
delivery pressureisquitelarge. Specially forviscous fluidSpecially forviscous fluid.
►Thefluid sucked ispushed dueto thethrust exerted on it by themoving
member, which resultsin lifting theliquid to therequired height.
►Themotion of thesepartsaremating with a cavity orchambercavity orchamberand the
contact isleakageproof.
►During onedirection of motion of thereciprocating part fluid istaken inside
and during theother oppositedirection of motion of fluid ispushed out.
►Different componentsof areciprocating pump areasfollows-
1.1.Cylinder, Piston/Plunger, Crank/Connecting rod.Cylinder, Piston/Plunger, Crank/Connecting rod.
2.2.Suction/Delivery pipes & valves, Air-vessel.Suction/Delivery pipes & valves, Air-vessel.
12. Friday, October 28, 2016
12
Working of the pumpWorking of the pump
In suction stroke, thepressurein cylinder decreasesand fluid entersinto the
chamber, suction valve then opens and allowsthefluid to enter thecylinder
and closesat theend of thestroke.
In dischargestroke, thefluid entersthedischargepipeaspressurein the
dischargepipeislessthan in thechamber, thispressureenablesthedischarge
valve to open and suction valve to close.
Thesepumpsaredesigned to do so onceper cyclewhich is single acting
and, if it doestwiceper cyclethen it iscalled adouble acting.
A singleacting displacesfluid only in one direction, but adoubleacting
pump displacesin two directions in twice stroke.
When thewater in delivery pipeisdelivered with greater speed than the
average, then theexcessamount of water isstored in theairvessel which
containsair & getscompressed asthewater entersthevessel.
Thestored water comesout when thedelivery flow becomeslessand thusa
continuousflow ismaintained.
For acontinuous flow of liquid theseair vesselsareused.
13. Friday, October 28, 2016
13
SCREW PUMPSCREW PUMP
It is a positive displacement pumppositive displacement pump that use one
or more screws to move fluids or solids along the
screw axisscrew axis the screw pumps are used for pumping
high viscous fluidsviscous fluids.
The fluid is sucked from the suction nozzle and
then through linerliner, the fluid is entered into the
screw.
As the screw rotates at high speed, it creates a
pressure difference. Due to which fluid enters into
the screw gaps and with the rotation of the screws,
the fluid is send to the discharge nozzle.
Depending upon number of screws, they are :-
1. Single screw pump- one screw is used to
pump fluid from one place to another.
(Figure-1)……(Figure-1)……
2. Double screw pump- two screws fitted with
intermeshing there screw threads, used
Figure-1
Figure-2
14. Friday, October 28, 2016
14
SEALING’S USED INSEALING’S USED IN
PUMPPUMP
GLANDPACKINGGLANDPACKING - Old fashioned technology, using soft packing of ropes compressed by a packing
gland.
Actually how itActually how it
looks and packing islooks and packing is
done.done.
After this came the use ofAfter this came the use of
Mechanical seals……Mechanical seals……
15. Friday, October 28, 2016
15
The mechanical sealThe mechanical seal
The most effective method of preventing
the leakage of the fluid from pump to the
external surroundings is by using the
mechanical seals.mechanical seals.
The mechanical seals helps sealing the
rotating part of the shaft against the
stationary part of the pump housing.
The different designs available, for the
mechanical seals configuration. They are :-
1. Pusher
2. Non pusher
3. Cartridge
16. Friday, October 28, 2016
16
What & How Mechanical seals?What & How Mechanical seals?
PrimaryPrimary && Secondary seal.Secondary seal.
One component is stationarystationary and the other rotatesrotates against it to
achieve a seal.
One of the faces is usually a non-wearing materials such as
carbon-graphitecarbon-graphite & other face is relatively hard material like silicon-silicon-
carbidecarbide or ceramics.
There are at least three forcesthree forces trying to open the seal faces :-
If the closing forces are the greater forces, the seal will generate
heat that is often destructive, but always a waste of energy and pump
efficiency.
If the opening forces are the greater forces the seal will leak and
that’s never desirable.
Most of the refineries maintain the standard ratiostandard ratio :-
Opening force is always slightly greater so that small amount ofOpening force is always slightly greater so that small amount of
fluid can enter the faces as the lubricating fluid.fluid can enter the faces as the lubricating fluid.
Seal with leakageSeal with leakage
17. Friday, October 28, 2016
17
BEARING’SBEARING’S
Mostly steel (300 °C), brass (250 °C), polymer (70
°C) within these operating temperatures are used.
Bearings are classified as anti friction and journal
bearings.
1.Ball bearings
1. Deep grove ball bearing
2. Angular contact ball bearing
2.Roller bearings
1. Cylindrical roller bearing
2. Spherical roller bearing
3. Tapper roller bearing
3.Thrust bearings
4.Journal bearings (high speed bearings)
18. Friday, October 28, 2016
18
Design aspects of Cylindrical bearingDesign aspects of Cylindrical bearing
NUP – outer ring has
two flanges & inner ring has
one flange.
NU – outer ring has two
integral flanges inner ring
has no flanges.
N – inner ring has two
integral flanges outer ring
has no flanges.
SERIESSERIES
19. Friday, October 28, 2016
19
Bearings positioning used in pumpBearings positioning used in pump
☻ In centrifugal pumps, 2 angular contact2 angular contact
bearingsbearings & a roller contact bearingsa roller contact bearings used.
☻ A sight glasssight glass is used for visual monitoring
of the bearing oil level.
☻ The angular contact bearings are used in
back to back arrangementsback to back arrangements. So, large load
area.
☻ In such arrangement the axial and radialaxial and radial
loads are restrictedloads are restricted in both the directions.
☻ The roller bearing allows the axialThe roller bearing allows the axial
movement of the shaft, due to increased inmovement of the shaft, due to increased in
temperature.temperature.
20. Friday, October 28, 2016
20
VALVES /VALVES /
CONTROLLERCONTROLLER
A valve is a device that controls & regulates thecontrols & regulates the
flow of a fluid or gasesflow of a fluid or gases, by enabling the opening or
closing the valves.
Valves are either controlled by hand or operated
automatically.
Different types of valves are :-
1.1. Ball valve-Ball valve- with hole in between is used for control of flow.
A hollow circular ball is used in this case. If the ball is close,
then we need to move it by 90° to open the valve.
2.2. Gate valve-Gate valve- In gate valve, the valve is in the form of a
gate. The opening or closing of the valve is done by a
screw and nut like arrangement. If we rotate the nut, the
screw portion will come upward making the gate open.
21. Friday, October 28, 2016
21
֍ Valves or ControllersValves or Controllers
3.3. Globe valve-Globe valve- Glove valve is used for controlling
the flow rate. It is designed in such a way that, the
flow rate can be controlled. The flow takes a
zigzag path for travelling. We can partially open or
fully open the valve as per our requirements.
4.4. Check valve-Check valve- Check valve is a non returning
valve, which is used in the discharge pipe for a
pump. It is so designed that it controls the back
flow of fluid in the discharge pipe. In reciprocating
pumps this type of valve is used in suction and
discharge valve, for controlling the back flow of
liquid. It is also called NRV (Non- Returning
Valve).
5.5. Butterfly valve-Butterfly valve- A circular closed plate type is
used for controlling flow. The plate is restricted in
on direction and opens or closes with the fluid
pressure.
22. Friday, October 28, 2016
22
DISTILLATIONDISTILLATION
PROCESSESPROCESSES
Crude oil stored in the
tanks.
Passed to the closed
pressure vessels.
Then to the De-Salter.
Flowed to the heat
exchangers.
Allowed to pass through
furnace.
Crude Distillation UnitCrude Distillation Unit
23. Friday, October 28, 2016
23
Distillation ProcessesDistillation Processes
Reduced pressureReduced pressure //Vacuum Distillation UnitVacuum Distillation Unit
760 mm of Hg
760 mm of Hg
100 mm of Hg
100 mm of Hg
We know,
PVPV==nRTnRT
The feed is distilled in the VDU.The feed is distilled in the VDU.
&, thus at very low temperature the&, thus at very low temperature the
compounds are distilled.compounds are distilled.
24. Friday, October 28, 2016
24
DISMANTLING PROCESSDISMANTLING PROCESS
of a Centrifugal pump….of a Centrifugal pump….
1)1) Disassembling the Pump-Disassembling the Pump-
casing. Impeller locknut,
impeller, back plate, mechanical
seal (inspection).
2)2) Pull out the bearing from thePull out the bearing from the
Shaft-Shaft-
3)3) Inspection and Repair-Inspection and Repair- (check
every possible gaps)
4)4) Recondition/Replacement ofRecondition/Replacement of
Parts-Parts-
1) Lateral orAxial Movement
of shaft (End Play)-(End Play)-
2) Radial Movement of shaft
(Whip ordeflection)-(Whip ordeflection)-
3) Shaft Run Out (Bent shaft)-(Bent shaft)-
25. Friday, October 28, 2016
25
☻ OUR CASE STUDYOUR CASE STUDY
AFTERIMPELLER
DISMANTLING -
1. Im pe lle r we ar ring o ute r diam e te r =
124.7mm124.7mm.
2. Casing we ar ring inne r diam e te r =
125.22mm125.22mm ..
So, the clearance is = 0.520.52. This clearance is
acce ptable as minimum requirement is = 0.60.6..
Our inspection of a Centrifugal pumpOur inspection of a Centrifugal pump….….
OBSERVATIONS :-OBSERVATIONS :-
1. Bearing housing cover is
rusted.
2. Service fluid found inside
sleeve.
3. Service fluid and rusting
found inside mating parts and
rusting found inside rings.
4. Metal removal is found in
26. Friday, October 28, 2016
26
Our case studyOur case study
AFTERSHAFT DISMANTLING -AFTERSHAFT DISMANTLING -
1. Radialplay = 0.2mm0.2mm, ((no t acce ptable … . . )no t acce ptable … . . ) 2. Radialrun o ut = 0.02mm.0.02mm. 3. Axialplay = 0.05mm0.05mm
AFTERBEARINGS DISMANTLING-AFTERBEARINGS DISMANTLING-
1 . Be aring o ute r diam e te r = 89.98mm89.98mm.
2. Be aring ho using inte r diam e te r = 90.04mm90.04mm.
3. So, clearance is 0.06mm0.06mm (not
acceptable…)
4. Be aring inne r diam e te r = 39.98mm39.98mm.
5. Shaft diam e te r= 40.00mm40.00mm.
6 . So , the inte rfe re nce is = 0.02mm0.02mm
(acce ptable … . )
1. Bearing thickness = 55.50mm(combining)
2. Housing depth = 45.96mm.
3. Cover depth = 9.5mm
4. So, (45.96 + 9.5 = 55.46mm), but the bearing
thickness is 55.50mm, thus interference is
0.04, (acceptable….).
CONCLUSION :-CONCLUSION :-
1. New bearing housing is used.
2. New shaft is used.
3. Bearings are changed.
4. Mechanical seal ring part is changed.