Cavitation in pumps
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UET LAHORE briefly description to understand the basics of cavitation. types of cavitation cavitation disadvantages how to solve problem of cavitation
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All You Need To Know About Cavitation In Centrifugal Pumps
This slideshare throws light on cavitation in centrifugal pumps, its effects on the pump and what steps must be taken to prevent it.
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This document discusses cavitation in centrifugal pumps. It defines cavitation as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquid pressure drops below vapor pressure. Cavitation can cause damage, noise, vibration and efficiency losses in pumps. To avoid cavitation, the pump inlet pressure must exceed the net positive suction head required by the pump. Proper pump submergence, suction piping design and avoidance of air in the line can also prevent cavitation. Cavitation reduces pump head and efficiency according to the specific speed of the pump. Higher specific speed pumps are less susceptible to cavitation issues.
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The document provides information about pumps, including:
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2) The main purposes of pumps are to transfer fluid from low to high pressure areas, from low to high elevations, and from local to distant locations.
3) There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to move fluid by spinning an impeller.
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This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
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All You Need To Know About Cavitation In Centrifugal Pumps
This slideshare throws light on cavitation in centrifugal pumps, its effects on the pump and what steps must be taken to prevent it.
CAVITATION IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
This document discusses cavitation in centrifugal pumps. It defines cavitation as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquid pressure drops below vapor pressure. Cavitation can cause damage, noise, vibration and efficiency losses in pumps. To avoid cavitation, the pump inlet pressure must exceed the net positive suction head required by the pump. Proper pump submergence, suction piping design and avoidance of air in the line can also prevent cavitation. Cavitation reduces pump head and efficiency according to the specific speed of the pump. Higher specific speed pumps are less susceptible to cavitation issues.
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This document summarizes key concepts related to pump cavitation and net positive suction head (NPSH). It defines cavitation as the formation of vapor bubbles when local pressure inside a pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid. Repeated cavitation can damage impeller blades through pitting and erosion. NPSH is introduced to quantify the pressure required to avoid cavitation. NPSH available considers the inlet pressure accounting for piping losses, while NPSH required is provided by pump manufacturers as the minimum pressure needed. The document outlines how NPSH available and required values vary with flow rate and other variables like liquid temperature.
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1) Pumps are mechanical devices that use rotation or reciprocation to move fluid from one place to another by converting energy into hydraulic energy.
2) The main purposes of pumps are to transfer fluid from low to high pressure areas, from low to high elevations, and from local to distant locations.
3) There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use centrifugal force to move fluid by spinning an impeller.
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The document discusses how centrifugal pumps work. It explains that fluid enters the impeller axially and is accelerated radially by centrifugal force, gaining pressure and velocity. The kinetic energy is partly converted to pressure energy in the volute casing. A centrifugal pump has a rotating impeller and stationary volute casing. Impellers can be open, semi-open, or enclosed, and pumps are classified by flow as radial, axial, or mixed. Multi-stage pumps contain multiple impellers to achieve higher pressures.
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This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
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https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
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Cavitation in pumps
- 1. CAVITATION
- 2. DEFINITION: It is formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles in the pump. WHY IS THAT SO: It is due to decrease in the pressure of liquid or increase in temperature in different sections of pumps TYPES OF CAVITATION: 1. VAPORIZATION CAVITATION: 2. RE-CIRCULATION CAVITATION 3. VANE PASSING SYNDROME CAVITATION 4. AIR ASPIRATION CAVITATION 5. TURBULENCE CAVITATION
- 3. 1-VAPORIZATION CAVITATION: • Covers 70% of all cavitation (main part) • Decrease in pressure • Can be prohibited when NPSH(A) is greater than NPSH(R) + 3 ft 2-RE-CIRCULATION CAVITATION: • Due to low flow rate of fluid or in case of closed discharge conditions • Continuously in contact with impeller vanes • Fluid overheat due to resistance • Can be prohibited by keeping discharge fully open. 3-VANE PASSING SYNDROME cavitation: • Between the blade tip of OD of impeller and cut water on the pump casing • Temperature increases • Free space should be 4% of impeller diameter
- 4. 4-Air aspiration: • Due to involvement of air in pump • Only in vacuum case • Mostly in lift pumps • Air enters through different joints, seals, shaft packings etc • Could be resolved with tighten all flanges, packing rings etc 5-TURBULENCE CAVITATION: • Due to formation of eddies. • Eddied can be formed due to sharp elbows, restrictions, strainers, filters in the suction
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