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IP stands for Internet Protocol and defines the format of data sent over the internet or local networks. There are four types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and dynamic. IP addresses also fall into classes A through E, which define the first numbers in an IP address. Public IP addresses can be accessed directly over the internet while private IP addresses are non-routable. Static IP addresses remain the same until a device is removed from the network, while dynamic IP addresses can change as they are temporarily assigned by an ISP.
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The IP (Internet Protocol) specifies how information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed and received on the Internet. There are four main types of IP addresses: public, private, static and dynamic. IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, C, D and E which determine the number of hosts and networks each can support. Data is sent from one network to another via routing through intermediate networks.
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An IP address is a unique number assigned to devices connected to a computer network using the Internet Protocol. It has two main functions: to identify hosts or network interfaces and to provide location addressing. There are different versions of IP addresses, with IPv6 using a 128-bit address to allow for a vastly greater number of devices. IP addresses also have classes that categorize their ranges and intended uses, such as private networks or multicast addressing. An IP address is always used together with a subnet mask to further define the network portion of the address.
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This document discusses IP technology, including:
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Ip address.
IPV4 and IPV6 are internet protocol versions that assign unique addresses to devices to allow them to communicate over the internet. IPV4, introduced in 1981, uses 32-bit addresses and still routes most internet traffic. IPV6, introduced in 1995 to address limitations of IPV4, uses 128-bit addresses and supports artificial intelligence. While both are core internet protocols, IPV4 and IPV6 cannot directly communicate with each other.
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IP addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network. There are four main types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and dynamic. Public IP addresses identify a device outside a network and are assigned by an ISP, while private IP addresses identify devices within a local network. Static IP addresses remain the same, whereas dynamic IP addresses can change over time. When data is sent between devices on different networks, routers use IP addresses to direct internet traffic to the proper destination.
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IPv4 is the main internet protocol that handles packet forwarding and delivery in a connectionless and unreliable manner. It uses datagrams that contain a header with routing information and a payload of data. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit identifiers composed of a network ID and host ID that are written in dotted-decimal notation. While IPv4 classful addressing divided the address space inefficiently, subnetting and classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) allow for more flexible allocation of addresses.
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The IP (Internet Protocol) specifies how information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed and received on the Internet. There are four main types of IP addresses: public, private, static and dynamic. IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, C, D and E which determine the number of hosts and networks each can support. Data is sent from one network to another via routing through intermediate networks.
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IP addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network. There are four main types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and dynamic. Public IP addresses identify a device outside a network and are assigned by an ISP, while private IP addresses identify devices within a local network. Static IP addresses remain the same, whereas dynamic IP addresses can change over time. When data is sent between devices on different networks, routers use IP addresses to direct internet traffic to the proper destination.
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Internet protocols are sets of rules governing communication between computers on a network. They define the format of messages exchanged. Each device on a network needs a unique IP address to communicate. An IP address consists of 32 binary bits grouped into four octets written in dotted decimal notation like 192.168.1.5 for ease of use. When assigning a static IP address manually, you access network properties in Windows to configure the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers.
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2. LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites have a shorter period but require many satellites for global coverage.
3. MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) satellites require fewer satellites than LEO but more than GEO with periods of about six hours.
4. HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) satellites have an elliptical path with coverage areas that vary along the orbit.
Note 6
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that characterizes networking functions into seven abstraction layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The physical layer deals with transmitting raw data bits across a network. The data link layer packages data into frames and corrects errors. The network layer routes frames to their destinations using logical addresses. The transport layer manages reliable delivery and error checking of data packets using protocols like TCP. The session layer controls conversations between systems by setting up and managing connections. The presentation layer formats data for applications. The application layer interacts directly with software applications and identifies communication partners.
Note 5
Three main types of network cables are used in communication systems: fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, and coaxial cable. Fiber optic cable uses glass or plastic strands to transmit data using light signals and comes in single mode, multi-mode, or plastic optical fiber varieties. Twisted pair cable consists of two copper wires twisted together to reduce interference and comes as either unshielded or shielded twisted pair. Coaxial cable contains a copper wire within an insulated tube surrounded by a shield and is used to transmit radio frequency signals like cable TV.
Note 3
Network software helps administrators deploy, manage, and monitor computer networks by bundling networking functionality into solutions. System software controls a computer's internal functions and peripherals through the operating system. Computer hardware refers to physical components like motherboards, storage, and RAM, while software comprises programs, procedures, and routines that tell the computer what to do. Firmware is a type of software programmed onto hardware devices. The main differences between hardware and software are that hardware is physical and can be seen, while software provides instructions but has no physical form.
Note 2
This document defines and describes four types of computer networks: personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). PAN connects devices within 10 meters, LAN connects computers within a building, MAN spans an entire city using high-speed cables, and WAN connects LANs across a large geographic area.
Note 1
The document provides an overview of computer network history and components. It discusses the development of computer networking from the 18th century through the modern Internet. A key development was the ARPANET in the late 1960s, which was funded by the US Defense Department to link research computers over telephone lines and provide redundancy in case of an attack. The document defines a computer network as a set of computers connected to share resources, with the most common being Internet access. It outlines the goals of networks in sharing resources, performance, reliability, scalability, and security. Applications of networks include business, communication, e-commerce, and home use. The key components are hardware like network interface cards, servers, and cables, as well as software
Assinment 1
Digital technology has transformed many aspects of life including communication, work, entertainment, travel, banking and shopping. The document lists 20 examples of modern digital technologies such as websites, smartphones, eBooks, social media, computers, and drones. Each technology is then explained in more detail.
Recently uploaded
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...Paris Salesforce Developer Group
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS m .pptx
this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
This ppt gives detailed description of Object Oriented Analysis and design.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows
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Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
Note 4
- 1. Class 4 note Computer Network ID:173462589 What is IP? Ans: IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network. What is Protocol? Ans: Protocol means rules and regulation. There are four different types of IP addresses: • Public. • Private. • Static. • Dynamic. IP address for class: • Class A = 1-126 • Class B = 128-191 • Class C = 192-223 • Class D = 224-239 • Class E = 240-255 • Loop Back Address = 127
- 2. What is Public IP Address? Ans: A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed directly over the internet and is assigned to your network router by your internet service provider (ISP). What is Private IP Address? Ans: Any IP address that falls specified ranges is a private IP address and is non-routable on the Internet. What is Static IP Address? Ans: A static IP address is simply an address that doesn't change. Once your device is assigned a static IP address, that number typically stays the same until the device is decommissioned or your network architecture changes. Static IP addresses generally are used by servers or other important equipment. What is Dynamic IP Address? Ans: A dynamic IP address is an IP address that an ISP lets you use temporarily. If a dynamic address is not in use, it can be automatically assigned to a different device.