Anaerobic bacteria: Infection and Managementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Anaerobic bacteria: Infection and Managementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Atlas on bethesda system for reporting cervical cytologyAshish Jawarkar
This is an atlas with more nearly 100 images, authentic taken from NCI web atlas. Useful to understand and report pap smears. The subject has been presented in a way which will help students reproduce in exams.
Arshine Questions and Answers about Bacillus Licheniformis.docxfeed arshine
Arshine Feed Biotech Co.,LTD. (Arshine Feed) is the wholly owned subsidiary of Arshine Group. Our products cover a wide range of feed additives, such as Amino acids, Vitamins, Probiotics, Enzymes, Antiseptic, Antioxidant, Acidifier, Neutraceuticals and Coloring Agents etc. The company is committed to improving the nutritional intake for Broilers, Layers, Swines, Ruminants as well as fish-prawn-crab through scientific breeding programs and formulations.
source:https://www.arshinefeed.com/
Normal flora , microbiology includes the normal flora present in inside the environment and outside the environment and also bacterias etc
Normal flora , microbiology includes the normal flora present in inside the environment and outside the environment and also bacterias etc
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Prof. Abdullah Akhtar AhmedProf. Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed
Professor of MicrobiologyProfessor of Microbiology
Ibrahim Medical CollegeIbrahim Medical College
Shahbagh, DhakaShahbagh, Dhaka
3. A. Gram Positive Cocci
PeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcus
P. magnusP. magnus
P. asaccharolyticusP. asaccharolyticus
P. prevotiiP. prevotii
P. anaerobiusP. anaerobius
PeptococcusPeptococcus
P. nigerP. niger
Sarcina ventriculiSarcina ventriculi
PeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcus
N flora of mouth, upperN flora of mouth, upper
respiratory tract,respiratory tract,
intestinal tract, vagina &intestinal tract, vagina &
skinskin
20-40% of anaerobic20-40% of anaerobic
infectionsinfections
Brain abscessBrain abscess
PleuropulmonaryPleuropulmonary
infectionsinfections
Female genital tractFemale genital tract
infectioninfection
Non Sporing Anaerobe
5. Gram positive bacilli.Gram positive bacilli.
MicroaerophilicMicroaerophilic
Grow in presence of COGrow in presence of CO22 and at pH 3.0and at pH 3.0
Widely distributed as saprophytes in fermentingWidely distributed as saprophytes in fermenting
animal and vegetable material (e.g. milk, cheese)animal and vegetable material (e.g. milk, cheese)
Normal flora of man and animal in the mouth, gutNormal flora of man and animal in the mouth, gut
and vagina.and vagina.
Older textbooks have used the term “Older textbooks have used the term “DoderleinsDoderleins
bacillusbacillus” for a variety of human vaginal strains of” for a variety of human vaginal strains of
Lactobacillus.Lactobacillus.
Lactobacillus
7. Role
L. acidophilusL. acidophilus synthesize biotin, Vit. Bsynthesize biotin, Vit. B1212
and Vit. K in the intestine.and Vit. K in the intestine.
It ferment glycogen which is deposited inIt ferment glycogen which is deposited in
the vaginal epithelial cells and form lacticthe vaginal epithelial cells and form lactic
acid. This lactic acid prevent growth ofacid. This lactic acid prevent growth of
other bacteria by maintains highly acidic pHother bacteria by maintains highly acidic pH
of the vagina.of the vagina.
8. Bacteroides
B. fragilisB. fragilis is most significant.is most significant.
Pale irregularly stainingPale irregularly staining Gram negative bacilli/Gram negative bacilli/
coccobacilli with polysaccharide capsule.coccobacilli with polysaccharide capsule.
PleomorphicPleomorphic
Normal flora of large intestine & female genitalNormal flora of large intestine & female genital
tract. Normal stool contain 11tract. Normal stool contain 111010
B. fragilisB. fragilis
organisms per gram.organisms per gram.
Cause abdominal, lung and brain abscesses andCause abdominal, lung and brain abscesses and
wound infectionwound infection
11. Fusobacterium
Delicate gram negative rodsDelicate gram negative rods
Tapering endsTapering ends
F. nucleatumF. nucleatum
Mouth, Upper Resp. tract, GI tract,Mouth, Upper Resp. tract, GI tract,
Genital tractGenital tract
Head, neck and lower respiratoryHead, neck and lower respiratory
tract infectionstract infections
F. necrophorumF. necrophorum
Anaerobic tonsillitis/pharyngitisAnaerobic tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Involve jugular veinInvolve jugular vein SepsisSepsis
Lemierre's diseaseLemierre's disease
12. Lemierre's syndromeLemierre's syndrome (or(or Lemierre's diseaseLemierre's disease) is a disease usually) is a disease usually
caused by the bacteriumcaused by the bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorumFusobacterium necrophorum, and, and
occasionally by other members of the genusoccasionally by other members of the genus FusobacteriumFusobacterium ((F.F.
nucleatum, F. mortiferum and F. variumnucleatum, F. mortiferum and F. varium etc.) and usually affectsetc.) and usually affects
young, healthy adults. Lemierre's syndrome develops most oftenyoung, healthy adults. Lemierre's syndrome develops most often
after a strep sore throat has created a peritonsillar abscess, a craterafter a strep sore throat has created a peritonsillar abscess, a crater
filled with pus and bacteria near the tonsils. Deep in the abscess,filled with pus and bacteria near the tonsils. Deep in the abscess,
anaerobic bacteria (microbes that do not require oxygen) likeanaerobic bacteria (microbes that do not require oxygen) like
Fusobacterium necrophorum can flourish. The bacteria penetrateFusobacterium necrophorum can flourish. The bacteria penetrate
from the abscess into the neighboring jugular vein in the neck andfrom the abscess into the neighboring jugular vein in the neck and
there they cause an infected clot (there they cause an infected clot (thrombosisthrombosis) to form, from which) to form, from which
bacteria are seeded throughout the body by the bloodstreambacteria are seeded throughout the body by the bloodstream
(bacteremia). Pieces of the infected clot break off and travel to the(bacteremia). Pieces of the infected clot break off and travel to the
lungs as emboli blocking branches of the pulmonary artery bringinglungs as emboli blocking branches of the pulmonary artery bringing
the heart's blood to the lungs. This causes shortness of breath, chestthe heart's blood to the lungs. This causes shortness of breath, chest
pain and severepain and severe pneumoniapneumonia. Fusobacteria are normal inhabitants of. Fusobacteria are normal inhabitants of
the oropharyngeal flora. This is a very rare disease with onlythe oropharyngeal flora. This is a very rare disease with only
approximately 160 cases in the last 100 years.approximately 160 cases in the last 100 years.[1][1]
13. Prevotella & Porphyromonas
Small, pale stainingSmall, pale staining
gram negativegram negative
coccobacillicoccobacilli
Dental plaque andDental plaque and
gingival crevicesgingival crevices
Infections of oral cavityInfections of oral cavity
and upper respiratoryand upper respiratory
tracttract
16. Pathogenicity
• Beta-lactamase productionBeta-lactamase production
• B. fragilisB. fragilis – protect themselves and other– protect themselves and other
species in mixed infectionsspecies in mixed infections
• Superoxide dismutase productionSuperoxide dismutase production
• Protects bacteria from toxic OProtects bacteria from toxic O22 radicals asradicals as
they move out of usual nichethey move out of usual niche
17. Anaerobes Commonly Encountered in
Infection
Hundreds of anaerobes are part of normal human floraHundreds of anaerobes are part of normal human flora
Only few cause significant infectionsOnly few cause significant infections
Account for 2/3 of clinically significant anaerobicAccount for 2/3 of clinically significant anaerobic
infections:infections:
Bacteroides fragilisBacteroides fragilis groupgroup
PrevotellaPrevotella andand PorphyromonasPorphyromonas
Fusobacterium nucleatumFusobacterium nucleatum
PeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcus
Clostridium perfringensClostridium perfringens
Pathogenic species have “virulence factors” that allowPathogenic species have “virulence factors” that allow
survival outside their niche and to cause diseasesurvival outside their niche and to cause disease
18. Importance of nonsporing anaerobes
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease in cases ofOpportunistic pathogens cause disease in cases of
lowered host’s immunity:lowered host’s immunity:
1.1. TraumaTrauma
2.2. Tissue necrosisTissue necrosis
3.3. Impaired circulationImpaired circulation
4.4. AIDSAIDS
5.5. Administration of antibiotics, corticosteroids &Administration of antibiotics, corticosteroids &
cytotoxic drugs.cytotoxic drugs.
6.6. DiabetesDiabetes
7.7. MalnutritionMalnutrition
8.8. MalignancyMalignancy
19. “MORE IS MISSED BY NOT LOOKING
THAN BY NOT KNOWING”
Anonymous
Patient examination in the Intensive Care Unit
20. Thank you
Life is the flower for which love is the honey.
Victor Hugo
21. SAQ – Non sporing anaerobe
1. Classify non sporing anaerobic bacteria.
2. Enumerate the medically important non
sporing bacteria.
3. Mention important role of Lactobacilli.
4. Write down the biological property and
pathogenesis of B. fragilis.
5. Mention important characteristics and
pathogenesis of Fusobacterium.
6. Why non sporing anaerobes are medically
important?