St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the largest churches in the world. The basilica was constructed between 1506-1626 over the site of the original 4th century St. Peter's Basilica. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. The massive dome, one of the largest in the world, rises 120 meters and can be climbed by a small spiral staircase. The interior features a long nave, lavish marble decorations, and many artistic tombs. St. Peter's Square outside features tall colonnades, an obelisk, and fountains designed by Bernini.
The Cathedral of Florence is a Gothic-style church built between 1296 and 1436. It has an enormous dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi that was an architectural marvel when constructed during the Renaissance. The cathedral features extensive use of colored marble on its exterior and interior, along with sculptures and frescoes by many renowned Renaissance artists. It remains one of the most significant cathedrals in Italy due to its architectural innovations and artistic works.
The document provides details about the history and architecture of Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral in France. Some key points:
- The cathedral has been rebuilt several times after fires destroyed earlier structures on the same site dating back to the 8th century.
- It features Gothic architecture like flying buttresses, rib vaults, stained glass windows, and sculptures on the porches depicting religious and royal figures.
- The cathedral served as an important pilgrimage site and was part of the intellectual renaissance in the 12th century, with scholars attracted to the school of Chartres.
Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed in Rome between 326-333 AD under Emperor Constantine. It was the first St. Peter's Basilica and was built over the grave of St. Peter. The basilica had a cruciform layout with a nave and aisles inspired by Roman basilicas but adapted for Christian worship. Old St. Peter's Basilica was torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
Gothic architecture originated in France in the 12th century and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate sculptures. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris had tall structures made possible by innovations like pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses that helped support the walls. Other features include stained glass windows that let in light, and gargoyles and ornamentation that served practical and symbolic purposes. Gothic architecture profoundly influenced church building across Europe in the Middle Ages.
The document summarizes the Pisa Cathedral complex, which includes the Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile (Leaning Tower), Camposanto Monumentale cemetery, and other buildings surrounding the Piazza dei Miracoli. The complex began construction in the 11th century and features prominent Romanesque architecture. The buildings demonstrate Pisa's historical prosperity and were intended to establish the city as a religious and political center.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the largest churches in the world. The basilica was constructed between 1506-1626 over the site of the original 4th century St. Peter's Basilica. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. The massive dome, one of the largest in the world, rises 120 meters and can be climbed by a small spiral staircase. The interior features a long nave, lavish marble decorations, and many artistic tombs. St. Peter's Square outside features tall colonnades, an obelisk, and fountains designed by Bernini.
The Cathedral of Florence is a Gothic-style church built between 1296 and 1436. It has an enormous dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi that was an architectural marvel when constructed during the Renaissance. The cathedral features extensive use of colored marble on its exterior and interior, along with sculptures and frescoes by many renowned Renaissance artists. It remains one of the most significant cathedrals in Italy due to its architectural innovations and artistic works.
The document provides details about the history and architecture of Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral in France. Some key points:
- The cathedral has been rebuilt several times after fires destroyed earlier structures on the same site dating back to the 8th century.
- It features Gothic architecture like flying buttresses, rib vaults, stained glass windows, and sculptures on the porches depicting religious and royal figures.
- The cathedral served as an important pilgrimage site and was part of the intellectual renaissance in the 12th century, with scholars attracted to the school of Chartres.
Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed in Rome between 326-333 AD under Emperor Constantine. It was the first St. Peter's Basilica and was built over the grave of St. Peter. The basilica had a cruciform layout with a nave and aisles inspired by Roman basilicas but adapted for Christian worship. Old St. Peter's Basilica was torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
Gothic architecture originated in France in the 12th century and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate sculptures. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris had tall structures made possible by innovations like pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses that helped support the walls. Other features include stained glass windows that let in light, and gargoyles and ornamentation that served practical and symbolic purposes. Gothic architecture profoundly influenced church building across Europe in the Middle Ages.
The document summarizes the Pisa Cathedral complex, which includes the Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile (Leaning Tower), Camposanto Monumentale cemetery, and other buildings surrounding the Piazza dei Miracoli. The complex began construction in the 11th century and features prominent Romanesque architecture. The buildings demonstrate Pisa's historical prosperity and were intended to establish the city as a religious and political center.
Florence Cathedral's dome had been designed in 1296 but remained unfinished for over 100 years until Filippo Brunelleschi took on the project. Brunelleschi designed an octagonal double-shelled brick dome with no external supports, a unprecedented engineering feat that required inventing new construction machines and techniques. The completed dome has a diameter of 44 meters and rises 113 meters, anchored internally by a stone chain system and topped with a lantern, making it the largest masonry dome in the world.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It reflected the scientific advances and religious/political conflicts of the time through dramatic use of light, illusionistic painting/sculpture, asymmetrical and curved designs. In Italy, architects like Bernini and Borromini created dramatic church designs fusing architecture, art and sculpture. French Baroque like Versailles was more ordered and classical, showing royal power. Rococo later emphasized ornate interiors and decoration.
Old Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome was constructed in the 4th century AD on the orders of Emperor Constantine. It took 30 years to complete and served as the first St. Peter's Basilica. The basilica followed a basilican plan with a nave flanked by aisles and an apsed transept at the west end. It was later torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
The document provides an overview of early Christian architecture from approximately 300-600 AD. It discusses the influences of declining Rome, military strongholds, castles, and monasteries. Early Christian architecture in Rome was influenced by existing Roman styles but adapted based on geographical location. Churches were modeled after Roman basilicas and often reused materials from pagan temples. Typical features included a nave with side aisles, an entrance hall or narthex, and an apse where the bishop's throne and altar were located.
The Renaissance style of architecture originated in Italy in the 14th century and spread across Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries. Key characteristics included emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and classical orders inspired by ancient Roman architecture. Major Renaissance architects included Brunelleschi, Alberti, Bramante, Michelangelo, and Palladio. Their works saw experimentation with architectural forms and space influenced by classical antiquity. Renaissance architecture was adopted with regional variations in countries like France, the Netherlands, and England during this period.
The Cathedral of Florence is a complex of religious buildings that includes the cathedral itself (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Baptistery of St. John, and Giotto's Campanile. The cathedral features a massive brick dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi that was the largest dome ever built when completed in the 15th century. The complex sits in the Piazza del Duomo and represents some of the finest examples of Italian Gothic and Renaissance architecture.
The document provides information on key characteristics of Gothic church architecture, including its emphasis on verticality and light. Some key points:
- Gothic churches utilized new technologies like pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, allowing them to be much taller with more light than previous styles.
- Features like tall spires, clerestory windows, and thin walls/columns emphasized verticality and maximized light. Interior vaults could reach heights of over 45 meters.
- Plans were typically cruciform with a long nave, transept, and eastern extension like a choir. Regional variations included layouts and materials used.
- Vertical elements like windows, buttresses, and interior
This document summarizes Byzantine architecture between the 4th and 14th centuries AD. Some key points:
- Byzantine architecture emerged as the Roman Empire's capital moved to Constantinople in 330 AD. It combined Roman and eastern influences and featured domes, mosaics, and complex floor plans.
- Major structures included Hagia Sophia, built under Justinian in 537 AD, and San Vitale in Ravenna, both featuring central plans and domes.
- Justinian's building program reconstructed many churches across the Byzantine Empire in the new domed basilica style fusing central plans and basilicas. This style came to define Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture.
Renaissance architecture developed in 14th-15th century Europe, demonstrating elements of ancient Greek and Roman design. It placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion and geometry, with orderly classical columns, arches and domes rather than the complex Gothic style. The Renaissance began in 15th century Florence, Italy, with architects drawing inspiration from classical Roman buildings. Renaissance architecture progressed through the Quattrocento, High Renaissance and Mannerist periods, with architects experimenting more over time with classical forms and spatial relationships. Key features included symmetrical façades, orders of columns, semi-circular arches, barrel vaults, domes, decorative ceilings and doors, and an increased emphasis on precision in details.
The document provides information on various architectural styles from the Renaissance period in Italy, including Mannerism and examples of Mannerist architecture. It discusses Michelangelo's influence on the design of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It also provides details on Palladio's Villa Rotonda, including its symmetrical design centered around a circular hall with loggias on each side connecting to the landscape.
Islamic architecture developed from the 7th century onward in countries where Islam became dominant. Key features of Islamic architecture include mosques, tombs, and palaces. The earliest mosques were simple square enclosures surrounded by reeds. Over time, mosques developed architectural elements like minarets, mihrabs, iwans, courtyards, and domes. Islamic architecture spread across regions through trade routes and military conquests, adapting to local materials and climates. Mosques became focal points for communities and incorporated elements symbolizing religious beliefs and social functions.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London has stood on the same site since 604 AD, with five churches built successively. The current cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren after the previous Gothic cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. Wren's design features a dome second only in size to St. Peter's Basilica, as well as a Baroque interior. Notable features include the Whispering Gallery and Golden Gallery atop the dome, and the tomb of John Donne in the nave.
St. Mark's Basilica is the most famous church in Venice, located near St. Mark's Square. It has a mix of architectural styles including Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance and Moorish. The interior features a marble floor and gold mosaics in the domes. Notable exterior features include the facade with five arched portals supported by columns, and bronze statues of horses above the central arch.
This document provides an overview of Gothic architecture through a lecture on the subject. It discusses key characteristics of Gothic architecture like skeletal stone structures, the importance of light and visual arts, and cathedrals serving as images of heaven. Techniques introduced in Gothic architecture are explained, such as rib vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate carvings. Specific examples of Gothic cathedrals are examined in detail, including Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and its various architectural features.
The document provides details about Byzantine architecture and the iconic Hagia Sophia building in Istanbul. Some key points:
- Byzantine architecture was influenced by Roman styles but featured large central domes supported by pendentives, extensive mosaics, and ornate decoration.
- The Hagia Sophia was one of the largest and most important Byzantine churches, built in the 6th century AD under the emperor Justinian. It used innovative construction techniques like brick and mortar and the first large pendentives to support its massive central dome.
- The dome of the Hagia Sophia was over 100 feet wide and helped establish the central dome as the dominant architectural feature of Byzantine
Villa Capra, also known as La Rotonda, is a Renaissance villa near Vicenza, Italy designed by Andrea Palladio in 1565. The villa was commissioned by priest Paolo Almerico as a country house upon his retirement. Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, the symmetrical villa features a central circular hall beneath a dome, surrounded by four identical porticos with steps leading up to entrance corridors. Each portico faces a different direction to maximize sunlight and complement the surrounding landscape. The villa's symmetrical design harmonizes with the asymmetry of the natural surroundings.
EXPLANANTION OF PROVICIAL STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TOPIC COVERED ARE:
1 KAMAL MAULA MASJID
2 JAMI MASJID
3 HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB
4 HINDOLA MAHAL
5 JAHAZ MAHAL
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. It is the largest church ever built and the central focus is the shrine of St. Peter. Construction began in the 4th century under Emperor Constantine but the current building was started in 1506 under Pope Julius II and completed in 1615. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini. The massive dome was designed by Michelangelo and built between 1585-1590. The square outside was designed by Bernini in the 17th century. Inside are many artistic masterpieces and tombs of popes located in chapels, transepts, and ais
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. It is the largest church ever built and the central focus is the shrine of St. Peter. Construction began in the 4th century under Emperor Constantine but the current building was started in 1506 under Pope Julius II and completed in 1615. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini. The dome, one of the largest in the world, was designed by Michelangelo. The basilica has several important features like Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's baldachin over the papal altar.
Florence Cathedral's dome had been designed in 1296 but remained unfinished for over 100 years until Filippo Brunelleschi took on the project. Brunelleschi designed an octagonal double-shelled brick dome with no external supports, a unprecedented engineering feat that required inventing new construction machines and techniques. The completed dome has a diameter of 44 meters and rises 113 meters, anchored internally by a stone chain system and topped with a lantern, making it the largest masonry dome in the world.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It reflected the scientific advances and religious/political conflicts of the time through dramatic use of light, illusionistic painting/sculpture, asymmetrical and curved designs. In Italy, architects like Bernini and Borromini created dramatic church designs fusing architecture, art and sculpture. French Baroque like Versailles was more ordered and classical, showing royal power. Rococo later emphasized ornate interiors and decoration.
Old Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome was constructed in the 4th century AD on the orders of Emperor Constantine. It took 30 years to complete and served as the first St. Peter's Basilica. The basilica followed a basilican plan with a nave flanked by aisles and an apsed transept at the west end. It was later torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
The document provides an overview of early Christian architecture from approximately 300-600 AD. It discusses the influences of declining Rome, military strongholds, castles, and monasteries. Early Christian architecture in Rome was influenced by existing Roman styles but adapted based on geographical location. Churches were modeled after Roman basilicas and often reused materials from pagan temples. Typical features included a nave with side aisles, an entrance hall or narthex, and an apse where the bishop's throne and altar were located.
The Renaissance style of architecture originated in Italy in the 14th century and spread across Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries. Key characteristics included emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and classical orders inspired by ancient Roman architecture. Major Renaissance architects included Brunelleschi, Alberti, Bramante, Michelangelo, and Palladio. Their works saw experimentation with architectural forms and space influenced by classical antiquity. Renaissance architecture was adopted with regional variations in countries like France, the Netherlands, and England during this period.
The Cathedral of Florence is a complex of religious buildings that includes the cathedral itself (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Baptistery of St. John, and Giotto's Campanile. The cathedral features a massive brick dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi that was the largest dome ever built when completed in the 15th century. The complex sits in the Piazza del Duomo and represents some of the finest examples of Italian Gothic and Renaissance architecture.
The document provides information on key characteristics of Gothic church architecture, including its emphasis on verticality and light. Some key points:
- Gothic churches utilized new technologies like pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, allowing them to be much taller with more light than previous styles.
- Features like tall spires, clerestory windows, and thin walls/columns emphasized verticality and maximized light. Interior vaults could reach heights of over 45 meters.
- Plans were typically cruciform with a long nave, transept, and eastern extension like a choir. Regional variations included layouts and materials used.
- Vertical elements like windows, buttresses, and interior
This document summarizes Byzantine architecture between the 4th and 14th centuries AD. Some key points:
- Byzantine architecture emerged as the Roman Empire's capital moved to Constantinople in 330 AD. It combined Roman and eastern influences and featured domes, mosaics, and complex floor plans.
- Major structures included Hagia Sophia, built under Justinian in 537 AD, and San Vitale in Ravenna, both featuring central plans and domes.
- Justinian's building program reconstructed many churches across the Byzantine Empire in the new domed basilica style fusing central plans and basilicas. This style came to define Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture.
Renaissance architecture developed in 14th-15th century Europe, demonstrating elements of ancient Greek and Roman design. It placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion and geometry, with orderly classical columns, arches and domes rather than the complex Gothic style. The Renaissance began in 15th century Florence, Italy, with architects drawing inspiration from classical Roman buildings. Renaissance architecture progressed through the Quattrocento, High Renaissance and Mannerist periods, with architects experimenting more over time with classical forms and spatial relationships. Key features included symmetrical façades, orders of columns, semi-circular arches, barrel vaults, domes, decorative ceilings and doors, and an increased emphasis on precision in details.
The document provides information on various architectural styles from the Renaissance period in Italy, including Mannerism and examples of Mannerist architecture. It discusses Michelangelo's influence on the design of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It also provides details on Palladio's Villa Rotonda, including its symmetrical design centered around a circular hall with loggias on each side connecting to the landscape.
Islamic architecture developed from the 7th century onward in countries where Islam became dominant. Key features of Islamic architecture include mosques, tombs, and palaces. The earliest mosques were simple square enclosures surrounded by reeds. Over time, mosques developed architectural elements like minarets, mihrabs, iwans, courtyards, and domes. Islamic architecture spread across regions through trade routes and military conquests, adapting to local materials and climates. Mosques became focal points for communities and incorporated elements symbolizing religious beliefs and social functions.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London has stood on the same site since 604 AD, with five churches built successively. The current cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren after the previous Gothic cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. Wren's design features a dome second only in size to St. Peter's Basilica, as well as a Baroque interior. Notable features include the Whispering Gallery and Golden Gallery atop the dome, and the tomb of John Donne in the nave.
St. Mark's Basilica is the most famous church in Venice, located near St. Mark's Square. It has a mix of architectural styles including Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance and Moorish. The interior features a marble floor and gold mosaics in the domes. Notable exterior features include the facade with five arched portals supported by columns, and bronze statues of horses above the central arch.
This document provides an overview of Gothic architecture through a lecture on the subject. It discusses key characteristics of Gothic architecture like skeletal stone structures, the importance of light and visual arts, and cathedrals serving as images of heaven. Techniques introduced in Gothic architecture are explained, such as rib vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate carvings. Specific examples of Gothic cathedrals are examined in detail, including Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and its various architectural features.
The document provides details about Byzantine architecture and the iconic Hagia Sophia building in Istanbul. Some key points:
- Byzantine architecture was influenced by Roman styles but featured large central domes supported by pendentives, extensive mosaics, and ornate decoration.
- The Hagia Sophia was one of the largest and most important Byzantine churches, built in the 6th century AD under the emperor Justinian. It used innovative construction techniques like brick and mortar and the first large pendentives to support its massive central dome.
- The dome of the Hagia Sophia was over 100 feet wide and helped establish the central dome as the dominant architectural feature of Byzantine
Villa Capra, also known as La Rotonda, is a Renaissance villa near Vicenza, Italy designed by Andrea Palladio in 1565. The villa was commissioned by priest Paolo Almerico as a country house upon his retirement. Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, the symmetrical villa features a central circular hall beneath a dome, surrounded by four identical porticos with steps leading up to entrance corridors. Each portico faces a different direction to maximize sunlight and complement the surrounding landscape. The villa's symmetrical design harmonizes with the asymmetry of the natural surroundings.
EXPLANANTION OF PROVICIAL STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TOPIC COVERED ARE:
1 KAMAL MAULA MASJID
2 JAMI MASJID
3 HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB
4 HINDOLA MAHAL
5 JAHAZ MAHAL
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. It is the largest church ever built and the central focus is the shrine of St. Peter. Construction began in the 4th century under Emperor Constantine but the current building was started in 1506 under Pope Julius II and completed in 1615. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini. The massive dome was designed by Michelangelo and built between 1585-1590. The square outside was designed by Bernini in the 17th century. Inside are many artistic masterpieces and tombs of popes located in chapels, transepts, and ais
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. It is the largest church ever built and the central focus is the shrine of St. Peter. Construction began in the 4th century under Emperor Constantine but the current building was started in 1506 under Pope Julius II and completed in 1615. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini. The dome, one of the largest in the world, was designed by Michelangelo. The basilica has several important features like Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's baldachin over the papal altar.
Renaissance architecture is characterized by features borrowed from ancient Greek and Roman styles from the 15th to 17th centuries. St. Peter's Basilica, located in Vatican City, is considered one of the greatest examples of Renaissance architecture. Designed by Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini, St. Peter's Basilica has a massive scale, symmetrical facade and interior, a central dome, and arches and columns inspired by classical antiquity. It remains one of the largest churches in the world.
The document provides details about St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City. It contains over 100 photos and descriptions of important architectural features like St. Peter's square, the basilica's dome, Michelangelo's Pietà, Bernini's baldachin, and the tombs of past popes. The basilica is the center of the Catholic faith and final resting place for some of its most important figures like St. Peter and Pope John Paul II.
A Self-Guided Angels & Demons Tour of Rome by Florencia San Martin Brück.
This self-guided Angels & Demons tour assumes that you’ve read the book, and so therefore don’t need elements of the story pointed out to you. All notes next to the pictures are from the book.
Four Altars of Science, representing the four elements of earth, air, fire and water, and a mysterious text from John Milton are the key clues that, once decoded, will enable you to
experience the Path of Illumination step by step.
From Santi’s earthly tomb with demon’s hole,
‘Cross Rome the mystic elements unfold.
The path of light is laid, the sacred test,
Let angels guide you on your lofty quest. (Chapter 55)
1. The Church of St. Maria del Popolo (EARTH)
2. St. Peter's Church and Square (AIR)
3. The Church of St. Maria della Vittoria (FIRE)
4. The Fountain of The Four Rivers at Piazza Navona (WATER)
The Cathedral of San Feliciano in Foligno, Italy underwent many renovations over the centuries. It was originally built in Romanesque style in the 12th century but adopted a Neoclassical interior in the 18th century. Notable features include the rose window on the secondary facade dating to 1201 and the gilded Baroque baldachin over the main altar. The cathedral suffered damage in the 1997 earthquake.
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City. Construction began in the early 1500s under Pope Julius II and took over 120 years to complete. The basilica was built in the Baroque style, with key architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. Its dome, one of the largest in the world, was designed by Michelangelo and features intricate mosaics. The interior also contains Bernini's Baldachin, statues of saints, and Michelangelo's Pieta sculpture. Travertine and marble were the primary building materials used.
The Basilica of San Francesco di Paola in Naples is located in the central Piazza Plebiscito in front of the Royal Palace. It was designed in neoclassical style in the early 19th century to replace monasteries demolished on the site. The round church resembles the Pantheon in Rome with its dome and portico of columns. Inside are Corinthian columns supporting the main dome with statues of saints around the walls and important paintings by artists like Camuccini and Campi in the chapels and apse.
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is the premier church of the Roman Catholic faith. It was built over the tomb of St. Peter between 1450-1626 after earlier basilicas on the site collapsed. The current basilica was designed by notable architects like Michelangelo, Maderno, Della Porta, and Bernini and features works such as Michelangelo's dome and Pieta sculpture. Its architecture draws from Gothic, Romanesque, and Baroque styles and serves as an important pilgrimage site for Catholics.
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City and is the premier church of the Roman Catholic faith. It was built over the tomb of St. Peter between 1450-1626 after earlier basilicas on the site collapsed. The current basilica was designed by notable architects like Michelangelo, Maderno, Della Porta, and Bernini and features works such as Michelangelo's dome and Pieta sculpture. Its architecture draws from Gothic, Romanesque, and Baroque styles and serves as an important pilgrimage site for Catholics.
In 330 AD, Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453, influencing art and architecture throughout its territory. Byzantine art was primarily religious in nature, focused on glorifying Christianity through mosaics, frescoes, ivories, and architecture in churches. Key works included the Hagia Sophia, San Vitale, and the mosaics and frescoes of the Vladimir Virgin and Lamentation of Christ. Byzantine architecture used domes and Greek crosses and inspired later Islamic structures like the Alhambra and Great Mosque of Cordoba.
The document provides details about the Papal Archbasilica of Saint John in Lateran in Rome, Italy. It discusses the church's historical background as the first church built in Rome and the cathedral of the Pope. The document describes the architectural structures of the Lateran Palace and Basilica both externally and internally. It includes floor plans and provides information on the types of materials and ornamentation used like marble statues of the Apostles and stucco decorations.
This document provides information about various travel destinations in Italy, including Rome, Venice, Florence, Siena, and the Vatican City. It describes some of the most important landmarks and attractions to visit in each location, such as the Colosseum and Trevi Fountain in Rome, the canals and St. Mark's Square in Venice, Michelangelo's David statue and the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, the Piazza del Campo in Siena, and St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Museums in the Vatican City. Brief histories and facts are given for each site to help travelers learn about what to see and experience.
Michelangelo is widely regarded as the most famous artist of the Italian Renaissance. Among his works are the "David" and "Pieta" statues and the Sistine Chapel frescoes.
San Miniato is a town located in Tuscany, Italy situated on three hills overlooking the Lower Arno Valley. The town has a long history dating back to Etruscan and Roman settlements. During the Middle Ages, San Miniato became an important center of Imperial administration under Otto I of Germany and Frederick II of Swabia, who built defensive walls and a fortress. Today, the town is known for its medieval architecture including churches, palaces, and the well-preserved fortress tower built by Frederick II. A walking tour highlights many of these historic religious and civic buildings, as well as artworks and frescoes within them telling the town's history.
The Basilica of Santa Chiara in Assisi, Italy was built in 1257 in the Italian Gothic style to house the remains of St. Clare after her death in 1253. It has a simple facade and interior with one nave and Gothic vaults. Notable features include the Chapel of the Crucifix containing a 12th century crucifix that spoke to St. Francis, and a crypt built in 1850-1872 that now displays the mummified body of St. Clare.
St. Peter's Basilica underwent many architectural changes over centuries. The original 4th century Constantinian basilica was replaced starting in 1506. Donato Bramante began construction of a Greek cross-style basilica, but the project went through several architects as the design evolved. Michelangelo returned to Bramante's Greek cross plan with 5 domes, but Carlo Maderno added a long nave extending into a Latin cross. The massive dome by Michelangelo towers over the interior and the Baroque interior includes Bernini's bronze baldacchino over the main altar. The exterior features Bernini's elliptical St. Peter's Square and colonnades. At over 400 feet tall, St. Peter's
The origins and history of the Basilica of San Pietro ad Aram in Naples are discussed. According to tradition, the church was built on the site where St. Peter baptized people in Naples. It has undergone several reconstructions and restorations over the centuries. Today it is cared for by Franciscans and contains artworks from other Naples churches. The crypt contains an ancient church dating back to early Christianity.
The Pantheon is an ancient Roman temple in Rome that was converted into a church in the 7th century AD. Originally built in 27-25 BC and rebuilt after a fire in 80 AD, it is the most complete and well-preserved ancient building in Rome. A domed building with a portico and oculus, or central opening, it has served as both a pagan temple and active Catholic church over its history and contains tombs of important Italians like Raphael.
St Denis, Paris - The Beginning of the Gothic Architecture.Jerry Daperro
The basilica stands on the site of a Gallo-Roman cemetery with the tomb of St Denis, Paris France, thought to have been the first Bishop of Paris, who was martyred c 250 AD. This place of pilgrimage was built in the 5C. Dagobert was a benefactor to it the 7C, and Pepin the Short was crowned king here in 754. It became one of the most powerful Benedictine abbeys in the Middle Ages. Most of the kings and queens of France were buried here from the 6C onwards. The abbey church of St. Denis therefore played a complex and important role for the French monarchy.
The Cathedral of Saint Denis is the birthplace of Gothic architecture. In 1122 Louis VI made this the official burial place for French monarchs, at the request of Abbe Suger. St Louis reserved it for monarchs alone, a rule which was broken several times, and had the remains of his predecessors, transferred to tombs in the crossing of the transept. Suger decided to improve St Denis and rebuilt the basilica. ~The western façade was dedicated in 1140and the chevet in 1144, but the building remained incomplete after the abbe’s death in 1151. Suger’s church represents a landmark to the development of Gothic architecture. Intersecting ribs were used here on a large scale for the first time. In this way, the architect could do without walls between the pillars Vaulting could be extended throughout the ambulatories and the radiating chapels and huge windows could be incorporated in the chevet. This is how ~Suger realized his concept – for him light had a thoroughly metaphysical significance. Another innovative feathure is the rose window on the west façade.
This presentation gives an overview of various wildlife conservation societies, their role and the government's initiative for wildlife conservation in India
This document provides information on vernacular architecture from different regions of India. It discusses the architecture of Kashmir valley, including the Dhajji house construction technique which uses timber and stone panels to withstand earthquakes. It also describes the architecture of Ladakh, including thick mud brick walls, flat roofs for insulation, and orientation of buildings. Finally, it summarizes the traditional architecture of Jaisalmer, featuring the local golden stone and structures like the Patwon Ki Haveli haveli complex.
This document defines and describes various types of windows. It discusses double-hung sash windows, single-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows, casement windows, awning windows, clerestory windows, hopper windows, tilt and slide windows, bay windows, tilt and turn windows, transom windows, jalousie windows, roof windows, roof lanterns, stained glass windows, glazing and filling methods, window coverings, and smart glass alternatives. Modern windows are typically made with large panes of glass, low-e coatings, and insulating gas fills between panes to improve thermal performance.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, along with small amounts of other metals like nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. There are several types of steel classified based on their metal content and percentages. These include high carbon steel, mild steel, medium carbon steel, stainless steel, high speed steel, cobalt steel, nickel chromium steel, aluminum steel, and chromium steel. Each type has different properties making it suitable for different applications like tools, vehicle frames, cutlery, and armor.
The document discusses various aspects of sustainable water systems and sanitation. It defines a sustainable water system as one that provides adequate water quality and quantity now and in the future without compromising capacity. It discusses different water sources like surface water, groundwater, rainwater harvesting and reclaimed water. It also discusses sustainable practices for water supply, sanitation facilities, concepts of sustainability in sanitation, and components of storm water drainage systems like inlets, piping, and outlets. Sustainable urban drainage systems are recommended to reduce stormwater flows into sewers.
The Technosphere project proposes constructing a massive spherical building in Dubai that will serve as a benchmark for sustainable energy-efficient design. It aims to generate its own energy from solar power and utilize other green systems like sky gardens, water recycling, and passive solar shielding. At over 800000 square meters, it will be the world's largest sphere building and a symbolic landmark for the new Technopark city. Its futuristic design is intended to represent the planet Earth and humanity's ability to create advanced technology for the betterment of the world.
Sustainable transportation aims to meet present transportation needs in a way that does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It considers economic, environmental, and social factors. Sustainable transportation options include public transit, bicycling, and walking as these modes use less energy and resources and produce fewer emissions than personal vehicles. The document provides an overview of the evolution of sustainable development and defines sustainable transportation.
Sustainable housing aims to be healthy, durable, safe, affordable, and environmentally friendly. It uses efficient and renewable materials, connects to utilities efficiently, and minimizes pollution and energy usage. Sustainable design considers location, indoor quality, materials, energy usage, and innovation. Passive solar features like orientation, daylighting, and ventilation help harness the sun's energy. Using recycled materials, compact designs, and earth sheltering can boost efficiency and lessen environmental impact. While upfront costs may be higher, sustainable housing saves on utilities and maintenance over time.
This document discusses sustainable energy and power sources. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that are replenished within a human lifetime without long-term environmental damage. The major renewable resources described are solar, thermal, wind, tidal, wave, hydroelectric, biomass and geothermal energy. It then provides details on each type of energy source, including their advantages and disadvantages. Energy efficiency technologies are also discussed to improve energy usage.
This presentation gives an overall concept, design, plans and construction techniques used in the first 80 storeys tower of north India i.e. Supernova by Supertech construction
Steel is made through a process that begins with iron ore, coke, and limestone being fed into the top of a blast furnace. Hot air blown into the bottom of the blast furnace causes a series of reactions where carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore to molten iron, which is drained from the bottom. The limestone also reacts to form slag, which is separated from the molten iron. The molten iron can then be cast or further processed to produce steel, which has a variety of important uses including in construction, automobiles, packaging, and infrastructure. Steel production is crucial to modern society but manufacturers must consider the environmental impact of their processes.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, along with small amounts of other metals. There are many types of steel classified based on their composition. Some of the main types discussed include high carbon steel, mild steel, medium carbon steel, stainless steel, high speed steel, cobalt steel, nickel chromium steel, aluminum steel, and chromium steel. The document then discusses the properties and manufacturing processes of steel, including the Bessemer process, open hearth process, cementation process, crucible process, duplex process, L.P. process, and electrical process. Steel is widely used in contemporary architecture due to its strength, durability, and ability to be formed into various shapes.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
2. St. Peter's is a church in the
Renaissance style located in
Rome
Designed principally
by Donato
Bramante, Michelangelo, Carl
o Maderno and Gian Lorenzo
Bernini, St. Peter's is one of
the largest churches in the
world.
By Roman Catholic tradition,
the basilica is the burial site
of its namesake Saint Peter,
one of the twelve apostles of
Jesus
3. The basilica is approached via St. Peter's Square, a
forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall
colonnades.
The facade of the basilica, with a giant order of columns, stretches across the
end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two 5.55 meters
(18.2 ft) statues of the 1st century apostles to Rome, Saints Peter and Paul.
Its central dome dominates
the skyline of Rome.
ST. PETER
ST. PAUL
4. The basilica is cruciform in shape, with
an elongated nave in the Latin cross
The central space is dominated both externally
and internally by one of the largest domes in the world.
The entire interior of St. Peter's is lavishly decorated
with marble, reliefs, architectural sculpture
and gilding.
The basilica contains a large number of tombs of
popes and other notable people
There are also a number of sculptures in niches
and chapels, including Michelangelo's Pietà.
5. Where St. Peter's now stands was once a chariot racing stadium,
built in the time of the Emperor Caligula, Claudius and Nero (40-
65).Nero was the Emperor who began the first great persecution of
Christians in Rome. Under his rule of terror, many Christians
were imprisoned and put to death here
6. the largest basilica was erected above the tomb of Peter on the
slope of the Vatican hill.
That building lasted throughout the centuries until 1500 & Pope
Julius II decided to replace it with a new structure. Work began in
April 1506. Many great artists were involved in its construction
and decoration: Bramante, Sangallo, Raphael, MICHELANGELO,
MADERNO, Della Porta, BERNINI, Fontana.
7. The bowl itself, changed in shape from the half rounded shape of
Michelangelo's design to the half oval shape of today, was completed by Della
Porta in May 1590.
Pope Paul V, decided that the
Greek Cross design was too
small. He obliged his architect,
Maderno, to pull down the
front wall of Michelangelo's
building and extend the
eastern end of the basilica by
116 yards. That was completed
in 1626, and in the following 30
years Gian Lorenzo Bernini
added the Colonnade
8. Length
730 feet (220 m)
Width
500 feet (150 m)
Height (max)
452 feet (138 m)
Dome dia. (outer)
137.7 feet (42.0 m)
Dome dia. (inner)
136.1 feet (41.5 m)
Groundbreaking
18 April 1506
Completed
18 November 1626
•Location
vatican city
•Geographic coordinates
41°54 8 N 12°27 12 ECoordinates: 41°54 8 N 12°
27 12 E
•Affiliation
Roman Catholic
•Rite
Roman
9.
10. • In a lunette over the central
opening into the portico is
Giotto's heavily restored mosaic,
the Navicella, or St. Peter
walking on the Sea of Galilee.
• On the right Christ is seen
walking upon the waters, and
almost invisible beneath him is
the donor, Cardinal Stefaneschi,
who gave the mosaic to Old St
Peter's in 1298
11. 1. Equestrian Statue of
Charlemagne
2. Temperance
3. Justice
4. Inscription of Gregory II
5. The Door of Death
6. Epitaph of Hadrian I
7. The Door of Good and
Evil
8. Central Door
9. The Door of the
Sacrements
10. Inscription with the bull
Antiquorum Habet Fida
Relatio
11. The Holy Door
12. Inscription of John Pual II
12. 13. Charity
14. Patio of St Gregory the
Illuminator
15.Faith
16. Equestrian statue of Constantine
17.Hope
18.The Church
19. Pavement Coat of Arms of Leo
XIII
20. Pavement Coat of Arms of John
XXIII
21. Names of those at the
proclamation of the Dogma of the
Assumption
22.Pavement Coat of Arms of Clement
X
23.Prudence
24.Fortitude
13. On the far left of the
portico is the equestrian
statue of Charlemagne,
first emperor to be
crowned in St. Peter's, on
Christmas eve of 800
Door of Death by
manzu,1961-64
The Door of Death is so called
because it used to be the exit for
funeral processions.
14. Door of Good and Ev
This second door from the left
was donated to Pope Paul VI,
on his 80th birthday. The right
panels show goodness, the left
evil.
15. St. Longinus was the Roman
centurion who pierced the side
of Christ with a lance. He is said
to have converted
to Christianity after
experiencing the darkness after
Christ's death.
St. Longinus Statue
by Bernini, 1635
16. St. Helen Statue
by Andrea Bolgi, 1635
St. Helen was the mother of
Constantine. She converted
toChristianity and performed
many acts of charity, including
building churches in Rome and in
the Holy Land.
17. St. Veronica Statue
by Francesco Mochi, 1629
St. Veronica, according to pious
tradition, was the woman who
wiped the face of Jesus during
the Way of the Cross
18. The Dome - Interior
Michelangelo's dome was
only completed to the base
when he died.
It was later finished by
Giacomo della Porta in 1590
19. Altar of St. Joseph
painting by Achille Funi, 1961
mosaic, 1963
The center altar of the left
transept was dedicated to St.
Joseph, Mary's husband, and
blessed by Pope John XXIII on
March 19, 1963.
21. •The Main Tribune (or apse) holds the Cathedra Petri (St Peter's Throne), with
the Monument to Paul III (left) and Urban VIII (right).
• it is a throne in which fragments of acacia wood are visible, which could be
part of the chair of St. Peter, encased in oak and reinforced with iron bands.
22. •The Meeting between St. Leo the Great
and Attila is the only altarpiece in St.
Peter's consisting of a monumental
marble relief.
•It depicts the pope repelling Attila and
the Huns from attacking Rome. Attila
raises his arm as Sts. Peter and Paul
appear in the sky
•The great carved marble altarpiece by
Alessandro Algardi (1602-1625)
portrays the Meeting of Pope Leo the
Great with Attila, King of the Huns,
whose advance on Rome in 452 the
Pope had succeeded in halting, thereby
saving Rome from destruction.
23. •The Altar of Our Lady of the
Column is an image of the Blessed
Virgin that had been painted on a
column of porta santa marble,
which was part of the central nave
of the Old Basilica.
•After Vatican II, Paul VI honoured
it with title of "Mater Ecclesiae",
and in 1981, Pope John Paul II had
a mosaic reproduction of it affixed
to the external wall of the
Apostolic Palace, facing the square.
24. •The Altar of the Sacred Heart, which
on the occasion of St. Margaret Mary
Alacoque's canonization in 1923, was
decorated with a mosaic inspired by a
painting by Carlo Muccioli (1857-1933).
•She was the saint responsible for the
spread of this popular devotion to Our
Lord's Sacred Heart.
•When St. Margaret Mary approached
her spiritual director and told him that
she had been visited by Our Lord, he
was uncertain about her sincerity. He
told her to ask Jesus, next time He
appeared, to recount some of her past
sins.
25. •This is probably the world's most famous
sculpture of a religious subject.
•Michelangelo carved it when he was 24
years old, and it is the only one he ever
signed
• As we contemplate the Pieta which
conveys peace and tranquility, we can feel
that the great sufferings of life and its pain
can be mitigated.
•It is said that Michelangelo
had been criticized for
having portrayed the Virgin
Mary as too young since she
actually must have been
around 45-50 years old
when Jesus died.
•He answered that he did so
deliberately because the
effects of time could not mar
the virginal features of this,
the most blessed of women.
26. Statues of Founder Saints
A St. Peter of Alcantara (below)
St. Lucy Filippini (above)
B St. Teresa of Jesus (b)
St. Madeleine Sophie Barat - (a)
C St. Camillo de Lellis (b)
St. Louis Grignion de Montfort (a)
D St. Vincent de Paul (b)
St. John Eudes (a)
E St. Ignatius of Loyola (b)
St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria (a)
F St. Philip Neri (b)
St. John Baptist de la Salle (a)G St Francis of
Paola (below)
St Peter Fourier (above)
H St John Bosco (above St Peter)
I St John of God (b)
St Mary Euphrasia Pellettier (a)
J St Peter Nolasco (b)
St Louise de Marillac (a)
K St Norbert (b) -St William (a)
L St Juliana Falconieri (b)
St Angela Merici (a)
M St Benedict (b) St Frances of Rome (a)
N St Francis of Assisi (below)
St Alphonsus of Liguori (above)
O St Dominic (b)
St Francis Caracciolo (a)
P St Elijah (b) - St Francis de Sales (a)
Q St Bruno (b)
St Paul of the Cross (a)
R St Joseph Calasanctius (b)
St Bonfilius Monaldi(a)
S St Jerome Emiliani (b) - St Joan Antide Thouret(a)
T St Cajetan Thiene (b) St Frances Cabrini (a)
27. 1. Chapel with Tomb of Pius XII
2. Chapel of St Veronica
3. Clementinian Peribolos
4. Chapel of St Helen
5. Clementine Chapel (Chapel of St
Peter)
6. Gregorian Peribolos
7. Chapel of the Madonna of Bocciata
8. Opening onto the Archeological
Remains
of the Confessio (ex Chapel of
Salvatorello)
9. Irish Chapel of St Columbanus
10. Chapel of the Madonna of
Partorienti
11. Southern Corridor of the
Confessio
12. The Confessio
13. Northern Corridor of the
Confessio
14. Polish Chapel of Our Lady of
Czestochowa
15. Lithuanian Chapel of Mater
Misericordiae
16. Peribolos - Last Section
17. Mexican Chapel of Our Lady of
Guadeloupe
18. Tomb of Pius VI
19. Chapel of the Madonna between
Peter and Paul
20. Peribolos - First Section
21. Chapel of the Patron Saints of
Europe
22. Chapel of St. Andrew
23. Opening in front of the Confessio
28. 26. Central Altar
27. Tomb of John Paul II
28. Tomb of Cardinal Merry del Val
29. Tomb of Queen Charlotte of Cyprus
30. Queen Christina of Sweden
31. Tomb of the Stuarts
32. Tomb of Cardinal Francesco Tedeschini
33. Tomb of Benedict XV
34. Tomb of Innocent IX
35. Archeological Room IV
36. Archeological Room V
37. Archeological Room VI
38. Tomb of Innocent XIII
39. Tomb of John Paul I
40. Tomb of Marcellus II
41. Tomb of Urban VI
42. Tomb of Paul VI
43. Chapel of Our Lady, Queen of the Hungarians
44. Exit from Grottoes to Piazzetta Braschi
45. Archeological Room I
46. Archeological Room II
47. Archeological Room III
48. Early Christian Sarcophagus
49. Mosaic of John VII
50. Gallery of Clement VIII
51. Sarcophagus of Pius III
52. Sarcophagus of Paul II
53. Polyandrium under the floor
54. Tomb of Hadrian IV
55. Tomb of Innocent VII
56. Tomb of Nicholas V
57. Tomb of Monsignor Ludvig Kaas
58. Tomb of Gregory V
59. Tomb of Emperor Otto II
60. Tomb of Julius III
61. Statue of Pius VI
62. Tomb of Nicholas III
63. Tomb of Boniface VIII
64. Madonna Dolorosa and the Doctors of the Church
65. Dividing wall of Paul III and the
Remains of two Columns from the Old Basilica
66. Funerary Monument of Calixtus III
67. Marble Statue of St Peter Enthroned
68. Entrance to the Grottoes from the patio
29. In front of the Clementine
Chapel is the shrine faced with
travertine with the tomb of Pius
XII, Eugenio Pacelli (1939-1958).
The room was created in 1954 by
Vincenzo Fasolo when the early
Christian sarcophagus of Junius
Bassus was removed. It has
linear, symmetrical plan, almost
in the shape of a cross.
Clementine Chapel -
(Chapel of St Peter)
• In the center of the peribolos is the
Clementine Chapel, the gem of the
Vatican grottoes and the precious
chest protecting the sepulcher of St
Peter. The center of the room
coincides with the "subterranea
Confessio" built at the end of the 6th
century by Popes Pelagius II and St
Gregory the Great.
30. On the right side of the
peribolos
(semicircular corridor),
just past the Polish
Chapel, is an opening
with a bronze grid
onto the floor of the
basilica above.
Chapel of the Madonna
of Partorienti
The biggest among the old
chapels in the grottoes, this
chapel was created by Paul V
in 1616.It was the first chapel
in the grottoes to be dedicated
to the Madonna and, despite
the 20th century.
31. The Chapel is behind an
iron gate, made by Alberto
Bisello di Perugia (1958),
with two crowned eagles
that are the emblem of
Poland.
The Wind Rose
• The Wind Rose that surrounds the
obelisk in St Peter's Square is a
diagram that uses the compass
points to show the different wind
directions. Each of these sixteen
elliptical white marble markers is
labeled with the compass point
and the name of the wind from
32.
33. The 140 Saint Statues on the Colonnades
• The Colonnades consist of
284 Doric columns and 88
pilasters of travertine
marble. These columns, 13m.
tall, are arranged in four
rows. With the trabeation
surmounted by a balustrade,
the overall height is 21m.
Bernini built two straight
covered wings (Charlemagne
left, Constantine right) 120
m. long, to link with the
basilica's façade.
34. Six papal coat of arms of
Alexander VI (1655-1667)
are located around the
square. It was Alexander
who decided to build the
square as we know it
today.
The Fountain
• The fountain (8m high)on the
right is the work of Carlo
Maderno (1613). Bernini,
who designed the square, had
it erected where it now stands,
and for purposes of symmetry
built the fountain on the left
35. Between the obelisk and each
fountain are white marble discs
with a granite center, which
mark the centers of each
colonnade. Standing on the
disc, you will see only the fist
row of columns.
Sundial Markers
discs showing the points of the
compass as 'winds'. From the
obelisk toward the fountain on
the right, are white marble discs
used as sundial markers for the
obelisk. Two dates are inscribed
on each disc to indicate when
the noon shadow of the obelisk
will reach this spot. There are
36. John Paul II Shot Here
A small red porphyry stone
in the pavement of the
square, marks the spot
where Pope John Paul II
was shot on May 13, 1981.
37. BRONZE
DOORS
• Just beyond the colonnade on the right, is the Bronze Doors
used as an entrance to the Apostolic Palace.
• Swiss Guards stand at this door, but they may be
approached to obtain tickets to the Wednesday Papal
Audience.
38. The top of the
Charlemagne Wing has
been converted into an
exhibition hall.
Occasionally exhibits
are held here.
40. 14. Papal Apartment
The Papal
Apartment occupies
the top floor of the
Apostolic Palace.
The top two right windows are the
study and bedroom of the pope. On
Sundays at noon, the pope usually
appears at the second window from
the right to pray the Angelus and
bless the crowd in the Square.
41. Pius IX (1846-
1878) decided
to replace older
statues of Sts.
Peter and Paul,
with the
current larger
ones
on Easter 1947
New Statue of
St. Peter
Old Statue of St.
Peter
43. 19. Mater Ecclesiae
Covering a window
facing the square, the
"Mater Ecclesiae"
mosaic was
commissioned by Pope
John Paul II in
thanksgiving to the
Virgin Mary after the
assassination attempt.
44. 20. Paul VI Hall
The Paul VI Audience Hall is a
building used by the Pope as an
alternative to Saint Peter's
Square for conducting his
Wednesday morning General
Audience. The building, with a
seating capacity of 6,300, was
designed in reinforced concrete .
One of the more arresting features
of the hall is the twenty-meter-wide
brass and bronze sculpture La
Resurrezione ("The Resurrection")
The roof of the building is covered
with 2,400 photovoltaic
panels, generating sufficient electric
ity to supply all the heating, cooling
and lighting needs of the building
throughout the year.
45. 21. Arch of the Bells
Entrance
Swiss Guards at this
entrance will let you
pass if you have
business in the Vatican,
or if you have
reservations for the
Scavi tour. Above this
arch are the bells of St.
Peter's, the largest with
a diameter of 2.5m.
46. 22. Bag Check
23. The Facade (Carlo
Maderno)
This bigger than a football
field (118m by 48m) facade
has an inscription from Pope
Paul V in 1612, but was
completed two years later.
The basilica was consecrated
by Urban VIII on Nov. 18,
1626.
47.
48. Above the basic structure is an attic, with eight square windows
decorated with small pilasters, surmounted by a balustrade and 13
statues in travertine. The statues on the balustrade represent
Christ the Redeemer (19 feet high), St. John the Baptist and 11
Apostles. St. Mathias is included because he is associated with the
other "Eleven" in bearing witness to Christ's Resurrection
49. The façade designed by
Maderno, is 114.69 metres
(376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres
(149.4 ft) high and is built
of travertine stone, with a giant
order of Corinthian columns
and a central pediment rising
in front of a tall attic.
The façade is often cited as the
least satisfactory part of the
design of St. Peter's.The façade
is too broad for its height, too
cramped in its details and too
heavy in the attic storey. The
breadth is caused by modifying
the plan to have towers on
either side. These towers were
never executed above the line
of the façade because it was
discovered that the ground
was not sufficiently stable to
bear the weight. One effect of
the façade and lengthened
nave is to screen the view of
the dome, so that the building,
from the front, has no vertical
50. 24. Loggia of the
Blessings
It's from here that the
new pope is announced
with "Habemus
Papam", and gives the
"Urbi et Orbi' (to the
city and the world)
blessing. The relief
below the balcony, by
Buonvicino (1614), is of
Jesus handing St. Peter
the keys.
51. Statues of Founder Saints
A St. Peter of Alcantara (below)
St. Lucy Filippini (above)
B St. Teresa of Jesus (b)
St. Madeleine Sophie Barat - (a)
C St. Camillo de Lellis (b)
St. Louis Grignion de Montfort (a)
D St. Vincent de Paul (b)
St. John Eudes (a)
E St. Ignatius of Loyola (b)
St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria (a)
F St. Philip Neri (b)
St. John Baptist de la Salle (a)G St Francis of
Paola (below)
St Peter Fourier (above)
H St John Bosco (above St Peter)
I St John of God (b)
St Mary Euphrasia Pellettier (a)
J St Peter Nolasco (b)
St Louise de Marillac (a)
K St Norbert (b) -St William (a)
L St Juliana Falconieri (b)
St Angela Merici (a)
M St Benedict (b) St Frances of Rome (a)
N St Francis of Assisi (below)
St Alphonsus of Liguori (above)
O St Dominic (b)
St Francis Caracciolo (a)
P St Elijah (b) - St Francis de Sales (a)
Q St Bruno (b)
St Paul of the Cross (a)
R St Joseph Calasanctius (b)
St Bonfilius Monaldi(a)
S St Jerome Emiliani (b) - St Joan Antide Thouret(a)
T St Cajetan Thiene (b) St Frances Cabrini (a)
52.
53.
54. •The one on the right, with one hand to show European mean time,
is called the Oltramontano clock. The one on the left, showing Rome
time, is called the Italian clock.
•Since Bernini's bell towers had to be torn down, Giuseppe Valadier
designed these two clocks from 1786-1790.
56. THE SACRISTY AND TRESURY
Pius VI (1702-1786) had this built in 1776. The Treasury is entered from the
basilica, and contains gifts donated over the centuries.
57. 1. Entrance from the basilica
2. List of Popes Buried in St Peter’s
3. Connecting Room with the Corridor
4. Statue of Josemaria Escriva - Opus Dei
5. Corridor of the Treasury Museum
6. Museum Entrance - Gift Shop
7. Column from Constantinian Basilica
8. Chapel of the Beneficiaries
9. Dalmatic of Charlemagne
10. Monument of Sixtus IV
11. Treasury Museum Rooms
12. Sarcophagus of Giunio Basso
13. Chapel of the Sacristy Comune
14. The Sacristy
15. Corridor to the Sacristy
16. The Staircase of Honor
17. Statue of Pius VI
18. The Sala Capitolare
19. The Sacristy of the Canons
20. The Chapel of the Canons
21. The Corridor to the Choir
22. Piazza Bracchi
23. Statue of St. María Josefa
58. LIST OF POPES BURIED
IN ST.PETERS
CONNECTING ROOM WITH THE
CORRIDOE
66. After taking the elevator and then walking around
the inside of the dome, you end up on the roof of St.
Peter's where you'll find a coffee bar and gift shop,
and a second elevator (or stairs) down into the
basilica
67. The roof of the Sistine is visible from St. Peter's
Square. It's from here that the famous white smoke
announcing a new pope is seen. Access to the
Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel is a 15 min.
walk (north) around the Vatican walls.
68. Michelangelo's famous dome is accessed from an
elevator to the roof (€7), a walk inside the dome
(great view into the basilica), and then 323 steps to
the best view of Rome
69. The Obelisk from Egypt was brought to
Rome by Emperor Caligula in 37 AD. It
originally stood in his circus on a spot to
the south of the basilica, close to the
present Sacristy
It is also a sun dial, its shadows
mark noon over the signs of the
zodiac in the white marble disks in
the paving of the square.