The document discusses various energy resources and their use. It provides information on global and Indian energy consumption and installed capacity. It discusses different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, renewable resources like wind and solar energy, and emerging technologies like hydrogen fuel cells. It also covers topics like India's energy balance, installed wind capacity by Indian states, advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources, and problems due to overuse of non-renewable resources.

1. SAMARTH(160210107038)
NIKHIL (160210107016)

2. Energy
Resources

3. INTRODUCTION
•Energy can be defined as the capacity to do work.
•Energy is present in number of form like mechanical ,
thermal , chemical , biological.
•It is an important factor in the development of an
economy.
•The demand for energy has increased with economic
development of the world.
•In India , the per capita energy consumption is only 221
KG. of oil equivalent/year.
• It is very low rate compared with other countries.

4. WORLD WIDE ENERGY
USE (2014)

5. HISTORY AND PROJCTION OF
WORLD’S ENERY SOURCES(1990-2040)

6. Indian Scenario on Energy
Resources
 India ranks sixth in the world in total energy consumption.
 India has increased installed power capacity from 1,362MW to over
1,62,366MW since independence .
 India has electrified more than 50,000 villages.
 India is the Eleventh largest economy in the world , in terms of
purchasing power .

7. • The demand for energy has grown at an
average of 3.6 % per annum over the past few
years.
• This rapid increase in use of energy has created
problems of demand & supply.
•More than 80,000 villages are yet to be
electrified.
•Around 44 % of households do not have access
to the electricity.

8.  It indicates that India has had a Negative Energy Balance for decades.
 Because of which, the future of Non renewable energies is becoming
uncertain.

9. Wind Energy

10.  he development of wind power in India began in the 1986 with first
wind farms being set up in coastal areas of Maharasahtra
(Ratnagiri), Gujarat (Okha) and Tamil Nadu (Tuticorin) with 55 kW
Vestas wind turbines. These demonstration projects were supported
by the Minstry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). The
capacity has significantly increased in the last few years and as of
31 Aug 2016 the installed capacity of wind power in India was
27,676.55 MW, mainly spread across the South, West and North
regions.Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry,
compared with countries such as Denmark or the United States, by
year end 2015 India had the fourth largest installed wind power
capacity in the world.(behind 1. China, 2. USA and 3. Germany),
having overtaken 5. Spain in 2015 and ahead of 6. UK.

11. Installed wind capacity by state as of 19 October 2016
State Total Capacity (MW)
Tamil Nadu 7,684.31
Maharashtra 4,664.08
Gujarat 4,227.31
Rajasthan 4,123.35
Karnataka 3,082.45
Madhya Pradesh 2,288.60
Andhra Pradesh 1,866.35
Telangana 98.70
Kerala 43.50
Others 4.30
Total 28,082.95

12. Ajay(160210107054)

13. Geothermal Energy

14. Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth.
It's clean and sustainable. Resources of
geothermal energy range from the shallow
ground to hot water and hot rock found a few
miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down
even deeper to the extremely high
temperatures of molten rock called magma.

15. Uses of Geothermal Energy
 Direct use and district heating systems
 Electricity generation power plants
 Geothermal heat pumps

16. Direct use and district heating systems
 Direct use and district heating systems use hot water from
springs or reservoirs located near the surface of the earth.
Ancient Roman, Chinese, and Native American cultures used
hot mineral springs for bathing, cooking, and heating. Today,
many hot springs are still used for bathing, and many people
believe the hot, mineral-rich waters have natural healing
powers.
 Geothermal energy is also used to heat buildings through
district heating systems. Hot water near the earth's surface is
piped directly into buildings and industries for heat. A district
heating system provides heat for most of the buildings in
Reykjavik, Iceland.
 Industrial applications of geothermal energy include food
dehydration, gold mining, and milk pasteurizing. Dehydration,
or the drying of vegetable and fruit products, is the most
common industrial use of geothermal energy.

17. Geothermal heat pumps
Geothermal heat pumps use the constant temperatures
near the surface of the earth to heat and cool buildings.
Geothermal heat pumps transfer heat from the ground (or
water) into buildings during the winter and reverse the
process in the summer.

19. Pratik(160210107010)

20. Geothermal Energy Advantages
 Environmentally friendly – There are a few polluting
aspects to harnessing geothermal energy, and the
carbon footprint of a geothermal power plant is seen as
minimal. An average geothermal power plant releases
the equivalent of 122 kg CO2 for every megawatt-hour
(MWh) of electricity it generates – one-eighth of the CO2
emissions associated with typical coal power plants.
A stable resource – The power output of a geothermal
plant can be accurately predicted. Not subject to the
same low-energy fluctuations as with solar or wind

21. Significant Savings for Home Owners – There has been
a tremendous increase in the number of homeowners
who want to utilize geothermal energy for heating and
cooling purposes. The result is that less energy is used
for heating homes and offices which results in significant
savings for home owners. After the initial expense, a 30-
60% savings on heating and 25-50% savings on cooling
can cover that cost within few years
Economic factors – Cost-competitive in some areas.

22. Geothermal
Energy Disadvantages
 Overall efficiency for power production is quite law ,
compared to fossil fuels.
 Air pollution to release a gases are present in stream.
 Drilling operation at sites causes noice pollution.

23. Mohil(160210107057)

24. Tidal Energy

25. Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is
a form of hydropower that converts the
energy obtained from tides into useful
forms of power, mainly electricity.
Although not yet widely used, tidal
power has potential for future electricity
generation. Tides are more predictable
than wind energy and solar power.

26.  Uses of tidal energy-
Tidal stream generators are very similar to wind turbines except their
below the water surface instead of above or on land. The turbine
and generator converts the movement of water coming from
change in tide, the kinetic energy, into electricity.

27. Biomass Energy
One common example is wood. Biomass
contains stored energy. That's because plants
absorb energy from the sun through the process
of photosynthesis. When biomass is burned, this
stored energy is released as heat. Burning
biomass releases carbon dioxide

30.  Biomass resources fall into three categories-
 Traditional solid mass
 Non traditional forms
 Ferment the biomass to obtain a gaseous fuel called
biogas.
biogas – 55 to 65 % CH4
30 to 40 % CO2
Rest - inpurities i.e. H2, H2S

31. Advantages and Disadvantages
 1) Biomass used as a fuel reduces need for fossil
fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity
for residential, industrial and agricultural use.
 2)Biomass is always available and can be produced
as a renewable resource.
 Except biogas production , the other biomass energy
sources have to establish a significant role.

32. Rahul(160210107025)

33. Hydrogen energy and Fuel
cells
 Hydrogen is the simplest element. An atom of
hydrogen consists of only one proton and one electron.
It's also the most plentiful element in the universe.
Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen
doesn't occur naturally as a gas on the Earth - it's
always combined with other elements. Water, for
example, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen
(H2O).
 A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity, heat, and water. Fuel cells are often
compared to batteries. Both convert the energy
produced by a chemical reaction into usable electric
power. However, the fuel cell will produce electricity as
long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied, never losing its
charge.

34.  Advantages-:
Less pollution, high efficiency as it does not involve a thermal
process, unit is lighter , needs less maintenance.
 Disadvantages-:
low voltage, high initial cost ,low service life.

35. Problems due to over use of
energy resources
 Extinction of resource: It has been predicted that many
of the non renewable sources like crude oil, will
completely deplete in the 35 to 40 years as they are
limited and get centuries to replenish.
 Pollution: Overuse of energy sources results in
emission of Co 2, So 2, No x, particulate matter which
causes air pollution, and related problems like, acid
rains, global warming.

36.  Economic effects: As these resources will be depleted, cost
will increase, which will seriously effect economy and the
development of the nation.
 Need for the development of new technology: The technology
used for conventional resources will become obsolete so new
technology has to be develop using alternate fuels.
 Mining and processing of minerals have considerable impact
on land, water, air, and biological resources. Deforestation
and degradation of Land: The top soil and vegetation are
cleared from mining area to get access to the deposit. Such
large scale deforestation and degradation leads to ecological
imbalance. Mining activity can cause a considerable loss of
land due to Chemical contamination, destruction of protective
layer of soil. There may be considerable loss of wild life
habitat. Huge quantity of debris may spoil the aesthetic value
of the region oped using alternate fuels.

38. BY
Mohil Vadia
Samarth Patel
Rahul Kantariya
Ajay Umat
Pratik Chaudhary
(Sources: www.wikipedia.com, www.google.com, )