The DUMATHERM® N-Pro Combustion Analyzer uses all of the advantages of the Dumas combustion method and enables labs to analyze a wide range of samples. DUMATHERM® reduces analysis time to 3 minutes or less and 98% time savings compared to Kjeldahl.
Learn more about our fully-automated combustion analyzer, that can deliver results within 3 minutes!
Color Control In Food & Biotechnology NslAlisameen
Color measurement is important in the food and biotechnology industries for quality control and product assessment. It allows for the quantification of color which addresses limitations of visual evaluation that can be affected by various factors. Instrumentation provides consistent measurement conditions and numerical color data in systems like CIE L*a*b*. The data allows for grading, process control, and quantifying differences. Various industries apply color measurement at stages like raw materials, processing, packaging and printing to ensure uniformity and quality.
In this slide contains sample preparation in LC-MS and need of sample preparation.
Presented by : P. Pavan kalyan. (Department of pharmaceutical analysis)
RIPER, anantpur.
In this slide contains definition and determination of Iodine value, Rancidity, Peroxide value.
Presented by: K. SANDHYA RANI (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
As per the syllabus prescribed by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, for M. Pharm (Pharmaceutical Analysis), 1st semester.
*not all topics have been covered in this file.
The document discusses analytical method development for HPLC. It notes that method development requires selecting requirements, instrumentation type, and why. Existing methods may be unreliable, expensive, or time-consuming, necessitating new method development. Key steps in development include defining goals, establishing sample preparation, selecting detector and mode of separation, performing preliminary separations, optimizing conditions, and validating the method. Method development is informed by factors like number of analytes, sample matrix, and analyte properties.
This document outlines methods for analyzing various milk products including ice cream, milk powder, butter, cheese, and margarine. It describes procedures for determining properties such as total solids, fat content, moisture content, weight per unit volume, added starch, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, and salt content. Sample preparation and testing steps are provided for each milk product and property analyzed.
General analytical methods of milk powder finalSkAzizuddin1
This document outlines various analytical methods for dried milk powder, including procedures for determining moisture, fat, acidity, carbohydrates, and detecting adulterants. Moisture is determined by drying a sample to constant weight. Fat is extracted using solvents and weighed. Acidity is measured by titration. Carbohydrates are calculated by subtracting moisture, fat, and other components from 100%. Adulterants can be detected using tests for cane sugar, urea, preservatives, and neutralizers.
These slide notes describe protein analysis methods. In this part of the presentation, both official and non-official methods of analyzing proteins in food samples are combined. However, Kidjeldah Method is also given. Moreover, the principles of each and every method were highly explained and illustrated.
Color Control In Food & Biotechnology NslAlisameen
Color measurement is important in the food and biotechnology industries for quality control and product assessment. It allows for the quantification of color which addresses limitations of visual evaluation that can be affected by various factors. Instrumentation provides consistent measurement conditions and numerical color data in systems like CIE L*a*b*. The data allows for grading, process control, and quantifying differences. Various industries apply color measurement at stages like raw materials, processing, packaging and printing to ensure uniformity and quality.
In this slide contains sample preparation in LC-MS and need of sample preparation.
Presented by : P. Pavan kalyan. (Department of pharmaceutical analysis)
RIPER, anantpur.
In this slide contains definition and determination of Iodine value, Rancidity, Peroxide value.
Presented by: K. SANDHYA RANI (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
As per the syllabus prescribed by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, for M. Pharm (Pharmaceutical Analysis), 1st semester.
*not all topics have been covered in this file.
The document discusses analytical method development for HPLC. It notes that method development requires selecting requirements, instrumentation type, and why. Existing methods may be unreliable, expensive, or time-consuming, necessitating new method development. Key steps in development include defining goals, establishing sample preparation, selecting detector and mode of separation, performing preliminary separations, optimizing conditions, and validating the method. Method development is informed by factors like number of analytes, sample matrix, and analyte properties.
This document outlines methods for analyzing various milk products including ice cream, milk powder, butter, cheese, and margarine. It describes procedures for determining properties such as total solids, fat content, moisture content, weight per unit volume, added starch, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, and salt content. Sample preparation and testing steps are provided for each milk product and property analyzed.
General analytical methods of milk powder finalSkAzizuddin1
This document outlines various analytical methods for dried milk powder, including procedures for determining moisture, fat, acidity, carbohydrates, and detecting adulterants. Moisture is determined by drying a sample to constant weight. Fat is extracted using solvents and weighed. Acidity is measured by titration. Carbohydrates are calculated by subtracting moisture, fat, and other components from 100%. Adulterants can be detected using tests for cane sugar, urea, preservatives, and neutralizers.
These slide notes describe protein analysis methods. In this part of the presentation, both official and non-official methods of analyzing proteins in food samples are combined. However, Kidjeldah Method is also given. Moreover, the principles of each and every method were highly explained and illustrated.
This document analyzes butter and describes its characteristics, composition, and production process. It discusses how butter is made from cream or milk, and defines butter as a fatty food containing at least 80% milk fat. The document outlines the steps to prepare butter samples, determine moisture, fat, curd, and salt content. It also discusses microbiological analysis of butter and how microorganisms are controlled. Sources of bacterial contamination during butter production are equipment, wash water, air, packaging, and personnel. Rancidity occurs when the enzyme lipase breaks down butter fat into fatty acids.
LC-MS is a hyphenated technique that combines liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to separate and analyze mixtures of compounds. LC is used to resolve complex mixtures, while MS ionizes and analyzes individual resolved components based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Common interfaces like electrospray ionization are used to transfer samples from LC into the mass spectrometer without degrading thermally labile compounds. LC-MS has various applications including quantitative bioanalysis, clinical drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies, and impurity profiling.
This document presents an overview of several common methods for analyzing proteins:
The Kjeldahl method involves digesting proteins with sulfuric acid to convert nitrogen to ammonium sulfate, then distilling and titrating to determine protein content. The Biuret method uses a color reaction between copper ions and peptide bonds to quantify proteins. The Lowry method combines the Biuret reaction with reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by amino acids for high sensitivity. Other methods discussed include measuring UV absorption at 280nm and color reactions with ninhydrin or in turbidimetric assays. The document compares the principles, procedures, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of each approach.
This document describes methods for analyzing fermentation products such as wine, spirits, and beer. It discusses determining various analytes including tannins, extracts, sulphur dioxide, ethyl alcohol content, total acidity, and methyl alcohol. Spectrophotometric and gas chromatography methods are provided for measuring methyl alcohol. The document also outlines procedures for common assays such as using a spectrophotometer to generate a standard curve for tannin quantification and titrating samples with sodium hydroxide to determine total acidity.
UHPLC/UPLC: Ultra High Performance Liquid ChromatographyDarewin Mendonsa
Chromatography Techniques mainly include two basic sub-divisions: Separation Science and Analytical Science.
In 2004, separation science was revolutionized with the introduction of ‘Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography which provides improved resolution, increased separation efficiency, shorter analysis time and lower operating costs.
It uses HPLC columns with a mean particle size less than 2μm and pressures up to 15,000 psi which drastically increases the number of theoretical plates of the column and results in enhanced column efficiency.
This document provides an overview of general methods for analyzing food carbohydrates. It discusses five categories of analytical methods: chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, chemical methods, enzymatic methods, physical methods, and immunoassays. It also describes various techniques for sample preparation prior to analysis, such as extraction, filtration, hydrolysis, and derivatization. The document indicates that food carbohydrates can be analyzed based on four categories: total sugar analysis, mono- and disaccharide analysis, oligo- and polysaccharide analysis, and dietary fiber analysis. Specific analytical techniques are discussed for each category.
This document provides an analysis of butter, including its definition, characteristics, apparatus used in analysis, and methods for determining its moisture, fat, curd, and salt content. Butter is defined as a smooth fatty food made from milk or cream that contains at least 80% milk fat. Its characteristics include a firm waxy body and clean cut when sliced. Various apparatus are used like crucibles, filters, flasks, and ovens. Methods described include preparing the butter sample, then determining moisture by heating and weighing. Fat is extracted using petroleum ether, and curd content is calculated. Salt content can be determined using Volhard's or Mohr's titration methods. Microbial contamination sources and controls are also outlined.
In this slide contains introduction and various methods for analysis of milk.
Presented by: KHALID KUWAITY (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
This document provides information on carbohydrate analysis. It begins by defining carbohydrates and listing some common types. It then discusses carbohydrate classification, describing monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. The document outlines several methods for analyzing carbohydrates, including chromatography, electrophoresis, chemical and enzymatic methods, and more. It also discusses how carbohydrates are affected by various food processing techniques like heating, milling, and peeling.
Principles & procedures involved in usage of reagentskapil Patel
The document discusses various reagents used in pharmaceutical analysis. It begins by classifying reagents based on their reaction mechanisms such as oxidation, condensation, diazotization, and others. Several examples of reagents are provided for each classification including MBTH, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, PDAB, and 2,4-DNP. Their chemical properties and applications in estimating specific drugs are described. The document concludes by providing an example estimation procedure using MBTH reagent.
This document discusses the analysis of milk and butter. It outlines various tests that can be performed on milk, including tests to determine density, fat content, total dry extract, acidity, and microbiological quality. The preparation of milk samples is also described. For butter analysis, tests are discussed to determine chemical composition, color, acidity, rancidity, and microbial quality over various storage periods. The goal of these analyses is to ensure the quality of both milk and butter products.
This document discusses the application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in the feed industry. NIRS is a rapid, nondestructive technique used to determine the protein, moisture, starch, lipid, and ash content of feed ingredients. It has been accepted as an official method for analyzing crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and moisture in feeds. NIRS can also be used to detect heat damaged proteins, fungal contamination, and adulteration in feeds. Calibrations are developed using statistical methods to relate NIR spectra to wet chemistry values. NIRS offers advantages such as rapid analysis, little to no sample preparation, simultaneous analysis of multiple components, and environmental friendliness.
This document discusses various methods for analyzing pesticides and summarizes the key points as follows:
1) It describes several methods for analyzing organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample extraction and cleanup techniques are discussed along with instrumentation parameters.
2) Methods are provided for analyzing pesticides in foods, vegetables, grains, and drinking water. These involve extracting samples using solvents like dichloromethane or acetonitrile followed by purification and analysis using GC or GC-MS.
3) A specific LC-MS/MS method is summarized for analyzing the herbicides paraquat and diquat
This document discusses analytical method validation. It provides guidance on validation from various organizations. It describes the types of analytical procedures that require validation including chromatographic, spectroscopic, and dissolution methods. Key validation characteristics that should be considered include specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness, and system suitability. The document provides details on how these characteristics should be determined during the validation process. It also discusses circumstances under which revalidation may be necessary such as changes to the drug synthesis or analytical method.
Principle and Applications Of MBTH, NQS, FC and BM ReagentsLakshmi Kalyani
This document discusses MBTH, FC, and BM reagents which are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals. It provides background on each reagent, including their chemical structure and properties. The principles and mechanisms of how each reagent reacts with different functional groups like phenols, amines, and aldehydes are described. Examples of using each reagent to estimate drugs are provided, such as using MBTH to analyze acyclovir and FC to determine protein concentration. The document concludes that these reagents can successfully quantify and qualify drugs in formulations when used at optimized concentrations.
The peroxide value is a measure of the amount of peroxide in a substance, expressed in milliequivalents of active oxygen per 1000 grams of the substance. The procedure involves accurately weighing 5 grams of the substance, dissolving it in a mixture of acetic acid and chloroform, then titrating it with sodium thio sulfate solution and measuring the amount needed to reach the endpoint. The peroxide value is then calculated based on the titration results and the weight of the substance. Autoxidation and rancidity can occur when oxygen is absorbed by oils, leading to oxidation and degradation over time.
This document discusses food preservatives, including natural preservatives like salt and sugar and chemical preservatives. It provides examples of common chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate and potassium metabisulfite. The document also outlines criteria that effective preservatives should meet and lists advantages and disadvantages of various preservatives. Qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing preservatives in food are described, including titration. Common antioxidants used to prevent food from oxidizing are also identified.
This document summarizes methods for analyzing various food additives including artificial sweeteners, flavors, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, thickeners, and jelling agents. It discusses sample preparation and chromatography methods for determining substances like saccharin, monosodium glutamate, and pectin. Chromatography techniques included HPLC with UV/RI detection and TLC with derivatization. The document also categorizes different types of flavors as natural, nature-identical, or artificial based on their origin and production method.
In this slide contains Methods of Detection of Natural, Permitted and Non Permitted Dyes.
Presented by: P.SUDHEER KUMAR (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
Measuring N-protein has never been that inexpensive! Moreover, we are glad to introduce our alternatives to helium as carrier gas. Never get the helium sticker shock again. This webinar focuses on laboratories within the food and feed sector.
N-protein determination according to the Dumas principle is an industry-proven method with outstanding reliability and robustness. Application areas range from food and beverages to animal feed and pet food. No matter whether it’s beer, soy sauce, cat food, liquid, viscos, solid or a gel - Elementar’s analyzers offer utmost sample flexibility.
Innovative EAS REGAINER technology: reliable and inexpensive
Learn from our experts how Elementar’s patented EAS REGAINER® technology helps to reduce cost per analysis by approx. 50%. Measuring N-protein has never been that inexpensive! Moreover, we are glad to introduce our alternatives to helium as carrier gas. Never get the helium sticker shock again.
This document analyzes butter and describes its characteristics, composition, and production process. It discusses how butter is made from cream or milk, and defines butter as a fatty food containing at least 80% milk fat. The document outlines the steps to prepare butter samples, determine moisture, fat, curd, and salt content. It also discusses microbiological analysis of butter and how microorganisms are controlled. Sources of bacterial contamination during butter production are equipment, wash water, air, packaging, and personnel. Rancidity occurs when the enzyme lipase breaks down butter fat into fatty acids.
LC-MS is a hyphenated technique that combines liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to separate and analyze mixtures of compounds. LC is used to resolve complex mixtures, while MS ionizes and analyzes individual resolved components based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Common interfaces like electrospray ionization are used to transfer samples from LC into the mass spectrometer without degrading thermally labile compounds. LC-MS has various applications including quantitative bioanalysis, clinical drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies, and impurity profiling.
This document presents an overview of several common methods for analyzing proteins:
The Kjeldahl method involves digesting proteins with sulfuric acid to convert nitrogen to ammonium sulfate, then distilling and titrating to determine protein content. The Biuret method uses a color reaction between copper ions and peptide bonds to quantify proteins. The Lowry method combines the Biuret reaction with reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by amino acids for high sensitivity. Other methods discussed include measuring UV absorption at 280nm and color reactions with ninhydrin or in turbidimetric assays. The document compares the principles, procedures, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of each approach.
This document describes methods for analyzing fermentation products such as wine, spirits, and beer. It discusses determining various analytes including tannins, extracts, sulphur dioxide, ethyl alcohol content, total acidity, and methyl alcohol. Spectrophotometric and gas chromatography methods are provided for measuring methyl alcohol. The document also outlines procedures for common assays such as using a spectrophotometer to generate a standard curve for tannin quantification and titrating samples with sodium hydroxide to determine total acidity.
UHPLC/UPLC: Ultra High Performance Liquid ChromatographyDarewin Mendonsa
Chromatography Techniques mainly include two basic sub-divisions: Separation Science and Analytical Science.
In 2004, separation science was revolutionized with the introduction of ‘Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography which provides improved resolution, increased separation efficiency, shorter analysis time and lower operating costs.
It uses HPLC columns with a mean particle size less than 2μm and pressures up to 15,000 psi which drastically increases the number of theoretical plates of the column and results in enhanced column efficiency.
This document provides an overview of general methods for analyzing food carbohydrates. It discusses five categories of analytical methods: chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, chemical methods, enzymatic methods, physical methods, and immunoassays. It also describes various techniques for sample preparation prior to analysis, such as extraction, filtration, hydrolysis, and derivatization. The document indicates that food carbohydrates can be analyzed based on four categories: total sugar analysis, mono- and disaccharide analysis, oligo- and polysaccharide analysis, and dietary fiber analysis. Specific analytical techniques are discussed for each category.
This document provides an analysis of butter, including its definition, characteristics, apparatus used in analysis, and methods for determining its moisture, fat, curd, and salt content. Butter is defined as a smooth fatty food made from milk or cream that contains at least 80% milk fat. Its characteristics include a firm waxy body and clean cut when sliced. Various apparatus are used like crucibles, filters, flasks, and ovens. Methods described include preparing the butter sample, then determining moisture by heating and weighing. Fat is extracted using petroleum ether, and curd content is calculated. Salt content can be determined using Volhard's or Mohr's titration methods. Microbial contamination sources and controls are also outlined.
In this slide contains introduction and various methods for analysis of milk.
Presented by: KHALID KUWAITY (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
This document provides information on carbohydrate analysis. It begins by defining carbohydrates and listing some common types. It then discusses carbohydrate classification, describing monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. The document outlines several methods for analyzing carbohydrates, including chromatography, electrophoresis, chemical and enzymatic methods, and more. It also discusses how carbohydrates are affected by various food processing techniques like heating, milling, and peeling.
Principles & procedures involved in usage of reagentskapil Patel
The document discusses various reagents used in pharmaceutical analysis. It begins by classifying reagents based on their reaction mechanisms such as oxidation, condensation, diazotization, and others. Several examples of reagents are provided for each classification including MBTH, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, PDAB, and 2,4-DNP. Their chemical properties and applications in estimating specific drugs are described. The document concludes by providing an example estimation procedure using MBTH reagent.
This document discusses the analysis of milk and butter. It outlines various tests that can be performed on milk, including tests to determine density, fat content, total dry extract, acidity, and microbiological quality. The preparation of milk samples is also described. For butter analysis, tests are discussed to determine chemical composition, color, acidity, rancidity, and microbial quality over various storage periods. The goal of these analyses is to ensure the quality of both milk and butter products.
This document discusses the application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in the feed industry. NIRS is a rapid, nondestructive technique used to determine the protein, moisture, starch, lipid, and ash content of feed ingredients. It has been accepted as an official method for analyzing crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and moisture in feeds. NIRS can also be used to detect heat damaged proteins, fungal contamination, and adulteration in feeds. Calibrations are developed using statistical methods to relate NIR spectra to wet chemistry values. NIRS offers advantages such as rapid analysis, little to no sample preparation, simultaneous analysis of multiple components, and environmental friendliness.
This document discusses various methods for analyzing pesticides and summarizes the key points as follows:
1) It describes several methods for analyzing organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample extraction and cleanup techniques are discussed along with instrumentation parameters.
2) Methods are provided for analyzing pesticides in foods, vegetables, grains, and drinking water. These involve extracting samples using solvents like dichloromethane or acetonitrile followed by purification and analysis using GC or GC-MS.
3) A specific LC-MS/MS method is summarized for analyzing the herbicides paraquat and diquat
This document discusses analytical method validation. It provides guidance on validation from various organizations. It describes the types of analytical procedures that require validation including chromatographic, spectroscopic, and dissolution methods. Key validation characteristics that should be considered include specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness, and system suitability. The document provides details on how these characteristics should be determined during the validation process. It also discusses circumstances under which revalidation may be necessary such as changes to the drug synthesis or analytical method.
Principle and Applications Of MBTH, NQS, FC and BM ReagentsLakshmi Kalyani
This document discusses MBTH, FC, and BM reagents which are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals. It provides background on each reagent, including their chemical structure and properties. The principles and mechanisms of how each reagent reacts with different functional groups like phenols, amines, and aldehydes are described. Examples of using each reagent to estimate drugs are provided, such as using MBTH to analyze acyclovir and FC to determine protein concentration. The document concludes that these reagents can successfully quantify and qualify drugs in formulations when used at optimized concentrations.
The peroxide value is a measure of the amount of peroxide in a substance, expressed in milliequivalents of active oxygen per 1000 grams of the substance. The procedure involves accurately weighing 5 grams of the substance, dissolving it in a mixture of acetic acid and chloroform, then titrating it with sodium thio sulfate solution and measuring the amount needed to reach the endpoint. The peroxide value is then calculated based on the titration results and the weight of the substance. Autoxidation and rancidity can occur when oxygen is absorbed by oils, leading to oxidation and degradation over time.
This document discusses food preservatives, including natural preservatives like salt and sugar and chemical preservatives. It provides examples of common chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate and potassium metabisulfite. The document also outlines criteria that effective preservatives should meet and lists advantages and disadvantages of various preservatives. Qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing preservatives in food are described, including titration. Common antioxidants used to prevent food from oxidizing are also identified.
This document summarizes methods for analyzing various food additives including artificial sweeteners, flavors, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, thickeners, and jelling agents. It discusses sample preparation and chromatography methods for determining substances like saccharin, monosodium glutamate, and pectin. Chromatography techniques included HPLC with UV/RI detection and TLC with derivatization. The document also categorizes different types of flavors as natural, nature-identical, or artificial based on their origin and production method.
In this slide contains Methods of Detection of Natural, Permitted and Non Permitted Dyes.
Presented by: P.SUDHEER KUMAR (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
Measuring N-protein has never been that inexpensive! Moreover, we are glad to introduce our alternatives to helium as carrier gas. Never get the helium sticker shock again. This webinar focuses on laboratories within the food and feed sector.
N-protein determination according to the Dumas principle is an industry-proven method with outstanding reliability and robustness. Application areas range from food and beverages to animal feed and pet food. No matter whether it’s beer, soy sauce, cat food, liquid, viscos, solid or a gel - Elementar’s analyzers offer utmost sample flexibility.
Innovative EAS REGAINER technology: reliable and inexpensive
Learn from our experts how Elementar’s patented EAS REGAINER® technology helps to reduce cost per analysis by approx. 50%. Measuring N-protein has never been that inexpensive! Moreover, we are glad to introduce our alternatives to helium as carrier gas. Never get the helium sticker shock again.
Understanding Isotherms: What vapor sorption can and can’t tell youMETER Group, Inc. USA
Moisture content and water activity. Each has its assigned roles and responsibilities. They’re often used separately, and for very different purposes. But can they work together?
In this live webinar, our METER experts will break down how and why mapping moisture content and water activity together – and how they change over time – can open a new world of valuable information.
You’ll learn:
— Why MC and aW combined can tell you more than they would separately
— All the ways to create isotherms, plus the strengths and weaknesses of each method
— How to interpret and use your moisture sorption isotherms
— Why isotherms can predict texture changes so precisely
— Why shelf life and packaging decisions can be made faster using isotherms
— How to extract business value from your isotherms – both in and out of the R&D department
The document summarizes an analysis of residual solvents using an Agilent 8890 GC system according to a USP method. Key aspects include:
1) The Agilent 8890 GC was configured with dual FIDs, two columns, and an autosampler to analyze class 1-3 residual solvents.
2) Samples were prepared according to the USP method and run in triplicate to determine repeatability of retention times and peak areas.
3) Results for various class 1-3 solvents showed good repeatability with retention time RSDs below 1% and area RSDs below 5% on both columns.
Elemental analysis does not just start by inserting the sample into the combustion tube! Sample preparation is an essential part of elemental analysis and influences analysis results directly. This webinar addresses all users of elemental analysis and communicates important basics of sample preparation – from homogenization of the sample to wrapping it.
The webinar addresses all operators of a vario MAX N/CN cube. We pay attention to frequently asked questions regarding maintenance, method optimization and instrument parameters. Furthermore, we talk about typical sample matrices that can cause problems during the analysis and assist you to solve them.
PSL has provided over 1,300 powder processing installations worldwide since being founded in 1989. They offer a range of products including filter dryers, tray dryers, containment isolators, and complete turn-key processing solutions. PSL prides itself on quality, compliance with cGMP guidelines, and supporting customers from research to large-scale production.
The document summarizes the results of plasma vitrification trials conducted on surrogate intermediate level radioactive waste. The trials demonstrated over 95% retention of cesium in the vitrified wasteform and over 60% volume reduction. Flexibility in treating different waste streams was shown, along with the potential for increased storage efficiency through process modifications. The technology was demonstrated at a pilot plant scale and has generated interest from UK nuclear industry organizations.
This document provides an overview of a webinar on sample preparation techniques for pesticide residue analysis, focusing on QuEChERS extraction. It discusses the challenges of pesticide residue analysis in complex food matrices and how QuEChERS extraction addresses these challenges through a simple, fast, and cost-effective process. The document reviews different QuEChERS extraction methods and provides tips on selecting the appropriate method based on analytes of interest and matrix type. It also discusses troubleshooting poor recoveries and provides examples of pesticide residue analysis in different food matrices using QuEChERS extraction.
This document provides information on laboratory equipment and services offered by a company. It describes their mission to distribute high-end laboratory solutions and support optimal laboratory operations. A variety of analytical instruments are highlighted, including those for organic synthesis, batch reactions, chromatography, sample preparation, elemental analysis, and more. The company aims to provide quality services like installations, training, maintenance, and technical support to customers.
Ecomate is a liquid blowing agent that can be used as a cost-effective alternative to polyurethane foams. It has been commercially used for over 10 years and meets various regulatory standards. Trials of Ecomate in India showed it produced rigid polyurethane foam panels with densities, closed cell contents, thermal properties, and dimensional stability comparable to existing HCFC-141b systems. Ecomate is a viable alternative that provides environmental and cost benefits without requiring equipment changes.
The document summarizes current advances in instrumentation for protein analyzers. It describes two available nitrogen/protein analyzers that use the new EAS Regainer technology, which allows for self-regeneration of reducing agents. This significantly lowers the cost per sample compared to traditional methods. The analyzers offer high accuracy, flexibility in sample types and weights, and simplified sample preparation. Analysis times are short at 3-4 minutes for one analyzer and costs are low, making the instruments suitable for high-throughput laboratories.
The document presents a design project for a ceramic products manufacturing plant in Sudan. It includes process descriptions and material and energy balances for the manufacturing of ceramic tiles. Key areas covered include the raw material preparation using a ball mill, firing in a roller hearth kiln controlled by a PID controller, ancillary equipment like storage tanks and pumps, and considerations around environmental impacts. The overall aim is to satisfy local demand for ceramics and export excess production to generate revenue.
Solo 365-SenseTek-nl DetectorTesters Brandbeveiliging RookmeldersHans Bronkhorst
DetectorTesters brengt de Solo 365 naar SenseTek. Als distributeur leveren wij dit systeem als oplossing voor het testen van rookmelders. Snel en efficiënt. Bel SenseTek en vraag naar de mogelijkheden. 020-6131611 of mail naar sales@sensetek.nl
This document provides an overview of single pot processing (SPP) for pharmaceutical granulation. SPP combines mixing, granulation, and drying steps into a single machine. It has several benefits over traditional granulation methods like reduced processing time and material handling. The document outlines the key features of SPP systems including integrated heating, drying mechanisms like vacuum and microwaves, and enhanced process control. It also presents a case study of using SPP for an effervescent product and discusses regulatory considerations for post-approval changes involving new equipment.
This presentation discusses hydraulic fracturing and potential environmental contamination issues. Possible solutions are presented, as well as problems associated with analysis of fracking solutions and production water. For more information, go to ssi.shimadzu.com.
The EGAS system is a turnkey emissions analysis system that can continuously and simultaneously measure various engine emissions including THC, CH4, NO/NOX, CO, CO2, O2, CO2 EGR and NH3. It features modular design and components for simplified maintenance. The system includes a mobile sampling trolley with built-in pump and allows for open integration of different analyzer types. It can measure emissions from all combustion engines regardless of fuel type in compliance with various regulations.
This webinar will provide pesticides residue analysts with valuable information on the development and optimization of gas chromatographic separations and mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in food. The expert speakers will share their knowledge in understanding the critical points of the method, assisting analysts in modifying existing methods, and understanding instrumental and software technologies with the goal of improving laboratory productivity and reducing the overall cost per sample. The results of experiments for both screening and quantification workflows, using the latest technology, will be presented.
Direct Mercury Analyzer for analysis of liquid, solid and gaseous samples
DMA which uses the principle of thermal decomposition, amalgamation and atomic absorption.
The DMA-80 can analyze solid, liquid and gas matrices with equal precision.
All mercury is released from the sample through thermal decomposition.
This eliminates the need for any sample preparation.
This document discusses superheated steam drying (SSD) of foods. SSD uses steam instead of hot air for drying, allowing for higher drying rates and better product quality. It describes the basic principles of SSD, including that steam has better heat transfer properties than air. SSD can reduce energy consumption compared to hot air drying if the latent heat of exhaust steam is recovered. The document presents a case study on SSD of cashew kernels, finding that higher steam temperatures and velocities reduced drying time and improved product quality with low final moisture contents and color changes.
Similar to Nitrogen Determination Made Easy with DUMATHERM Combustion Analyzer (20)
Wastewater strategies for Biological Nutrient Removal of NitrogenXylem Inc.
Biological nutrient removal (BNR) is the new standard for wastewater secondary treatment strategies. BNR involves the recruitment and growth of specific microorganisms that either convert or remove nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen removal, specifically, can take many forms and requires precise control of the environment using sensors, aeration, and chemicals for success.
In this educational webinar, our experts discuss:
- How nitrogen behaves in wastewater and why we want to remove it
- Identify the optimal conditions required for nitrogen removal in each stage of the activated sludge process
- Applications for online monitoring instrumentation to help improve the biological nutrient removal strategy
Watch the recording and get CEUs here >>> https://video.ysi.com/webinar-biological-nutrient
Mission: Magazine, Issue #6 - The Magazine that Addresses Critical Water IssuesXylem Inc.
Mission: Water is a complimentary magazine featuring the world's most current water issues and how people, like you, are tackling these ever-important challenges. Our mission is to share inspirational stories of determination, curiosity and discovery – and how great advancements are being made to better understand and protect our vital water resources.
This issue includes flood protection, harmful algal blooms, and red tide monitoring.
https://www.ysi.com/mission-water
Mission: Magazine, Issue #5 - The Magazine that Addresses Critical Water IssuesXylem Inc.
Mission: Water is a complimentary magazine featuring the world's most current water issues and how people, like you, are tackling these ever-important challenges. Our mission is to share inspirational stories of determination, curiosity and discovery – and how great advancements are being made to better understand and protect our vital water resources.
This issue includes climate modelling, legendary rivers, and decades of scientific discovery.
https://www.ysi.com/mission-water
Phosphorus Removal Essentials in wastewater | YSI WebinarXylem Inc.
Are you facing challenges with lower effluent phosphorus limits at your WRRF? YSI experts review phosphorus removal strategies in municipal wastewater applications.
Phosphorus, primarily existing as phosphate, is a nutrient of concern for many wastewater operators. Effluent phosphorus limits continue to be lowered to protect our lakes and rivers from eutrophication. To meet these limits, operators need to improve treatment processes to remove phosphorus as efficiently as possible.
Orthophosphate Analyzer for Wastewater Monitoring | YSI IQ SensorNet AlyzaXylem Inc.
The document introduces the Alyza platform, new wastewater monitoring analyzers for orthophosphate and ammonium. The Alyza uses wet chemistry methods with improvements like smaller reagent bags, automatic calibration, temperature control and enhanced diagnostics. It provides continuous monitoring to optimize chemical dosing, lower costs and ensure compliance. Case studies show cost savings of $18,000/year for a Wisconsin plant through improved phosphorus removal control and 25% reduction in ferric costs for another plant.
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5 Tips for Better Water Quality Monitoring with ASVsXylem Inc.
Automation is a disrupting force throughout the world, impacting our lives and creating a new normal for generations to come.
Join industry experts Kevin Simpson, Geoff Douglass, and Rob Porrett as they discuss automated vehicles for monitoring water quality and quantity – and the impact on the environmental community.
In this webinar, we provide a foundational understanding of Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASV), share our top tips for better water monitoring, discuss the impact autonomous vehicles have on the environmental community, and introduce our latest and greatest water monitoring technology.
Watch this webinar to learn:
• Top tips to improve your water quality monitoring
• Best applications for an Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASV)
• Real-world data examples and challenges
• A peek at our newest ASV technology—HYCAT
• And more!
Are You Ready for Harmful Algal Bloom Season? | Preparing for HAB MonitoringXylem Inc.
This webinar presentation provides a foundational understanding of YSI Total Algae sensors, including how to calibrate them, which units to use, and how to interpret data gathered with the sensors. This webinar will be especially useful for new users and users transitioning from our legacy 6-series to our EXO and ProDSS platforms.
With the webinar presentation, and you’ll learn:
• Using algal pigments for early HAB detection
• 6-series chlorophyll and BGA vs. the new Total Algae (TAL) sensors
• Calibration with Rhadamine WT
• Choosing the right units
• The new cells/mL tool in KorEXO software
• Real-world data examples and challenges
Interested in total algae sampling? Check out the total algae sampling package at: https://www.ysi.com/prodss/tap-pc
Mission: Magazine, Issue #3 - The Magazine that Addresses Critical Water IssuesXylem Inc.
This document summarizes an innovative solution developed by Dr. Bret Webb to survey the sedimentation and bathymetry of a private lake surrounded by homes. Unable to access the lake with his motorized survey boat, Webb rigged a kayak with an acoustic Doppler profiler and other instruments, dubbing it the "JagYak". Paddling around the lake while collecting depth and velocity data, Webb was able to map over 12,000 data points and evaluate the lake's flood storage capacity and sedimentation issues. The document highlights Webb's resourcefulness in developing low-cost, effective solutions to field challenges through adaptation and creative use of available tools and equipment.
Mission: Magazine, Issue #2 - The Magazine that Addresses Critical Water IssuesXylem Inc.
Mission: Water is a complimentary magazine featuring the world's most current water issues and how people, like you, are tackling these ever-important challenges. Our mission is to share inspirational stories of determination, curiosity and discovery – and how great advancements are being made to better understand and protect our vital water resources.
https://www.ysi.com/mission-water
Mission: Magazine, Issue #1 - The Magazine that Addresses Critical Water IssuesXylem Inc.
Mission: Water is a complimentary magazine featuring the world's most current water issues and how people, like you, are tackling these ever-important challenges. Our mission is to share inspirational stories of determination, curiosity and discovery – and how great advancements are being made to better understand and protect our vital water resources.
https://www.ysi.com/mission-water
Monitoring for Harmful Algal Blooms | From Data to DecisionsXylem Inc.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in both frequency and intensity in the last two decades, driven by climate change and activities that introduce growth-stimulating nutrients into waterways.
>>> Questions? Ask away: https://www.ysi.com/customer-support/ask-a-question
Concerns related to freshwater HABs range from the innocuous but unpleasant taste and odor compounds that find their way into drinking water, to fish kills and algal toxins that are harmful to human health. These consequences have increased the pressure upon researchers, watershed managers, water utility operators and public health professionals to closely monitor for the onset of HABs and prepare to respond.
Dr. Stephanie A. Smith provides a basic overview of bloom-forming algae, including a review of the toxins that are of human health concern.
You'll learn:
Which factors contribute to HABs and what makes HABs problematic
How biological, water quality and metrological parameters can be monitored by responders to minimize the impact of HABs and human exposure
How unique pigments of algae allow for monitoring using fluorescence-based tools, ranging from handheld meters to satellites
The importance of monitoring water quality parameters that either lead to or result from HABs
How to Get the Best Data - Preventing Fouling of Online Wastewater SensorsXylem Inc.
Fouling is a common cause of measurement error which is preventable by probe design and with proper maintenance. The challenge, as with all types of equipment, is to learn the technology sufficiently to know what steps to take to achieve reliable measurements without excessive effort. This webinar will explain the technology for monitoring important wastewater process parameters with optical sensors and describe best practices for obtaining reliable, trouble-free, long-term ownership of process optical sensors, especially for monitoring solids. The information presented will include benchtop demonstrations of a novel ultrasonic cleaning mechanism and a full-scale demonstration of the effectiveness of UltraClean™ technology incorporated into an IQ SensorNet ViSolid® solids probe.
https://www.ysi.com/iqsn2020
Continuous Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms | YSIXylem Inc.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a real problem for source water managers. Understanding what this problem is, being aware of when the problem exists and then being able to act on the problem before it is unmanageable is critical to the health of our water bodies.
DR. Stephanie Smith, YSI Product Manager, is an expert on the issue, and here she shares some of her extensive knowledge regarding HABs, and some tips for how to proactively manage them. This is her presentation given at American Water Works Association.
Improve Wastewater Treatment and Save Money with Process Monitoring | YSI IQ ...Xylem Inc.
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Highlights include:
Precise aeration control with continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen
Sludge wasting control to ensure an adequate biomass population
Chemical dosing control for accurate dosing amounts, every time
Find out more about how these facilities are using the IQ SensorNet system to monitor and control their wastewater process to meet their unique, individual plant needs and see how you can use these same controls at your facility.
Aquaculture Facilities Benefit from Automated Monitoring & Control | YSI | We...Xylem Inc.
Join Darrin Honious, YSI's Aquaculture Monitoring and Control Guru and Tyler Arnold, YSI's Aquaculture Technical Support Specialist at YSI as they discuss how several aquaculture facilities are using continuous monitoring and control to improve operational efficiency and moving towards more automation. Learn how easy it is to set-up, install and maintain a continuous and monitoring control system.
Webinar Highlights:
See how several aquaculture facilities are using continuous monitoring and control to improve operational efficiency
Specific details on the facility's design and operation
Implementation of the monitoring and control system including setpoints, sensor location, and other critical control parameters
Dissolved oxygen monitoring and feeder control
Installation and set-up overview
Followed by a brief Q&A session
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Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) are under more and more pressure to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus into local waterways. This presentation covers methods for this reduction.
pH Measurement Principles and Best Measurement Practices | WebinarXylem Inc.
The document provides guidelines for best practices in pH measurement, including:
- How a pH electrode works by measuring the voltage difference between a reference and sensing half-cell.
- Key electrode components like the glass sensor, reference electrode, electrolyte, and junction that impact performance.
- Factors to consider when selecting an electrode like the application, built-in features, and electrode materials.
- Proper calibration including using fresh buffers, ensuring full immersion, and recording calibration data for quality control.
- Best practices for taking accurate measurements, maintaining electrode performance through cleaning and storage, and extending electrode life.
Case Study: Enhanced WWTP Performance & Reduced Operating Costs with Online M...Xylem Inc.
This document summarizes a case study on how online process monitoring and automated control systems were implemented at a wastewater treatment facility to enhance performance, reduce operating costs, and improve process stability. Sensors were installed to monitor dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, and suspended solids levels. Automated control systems were then used to control aeration, chemical dosing, sludge wasting, and solid retention time. The results included 10-15% energy savings from aeration control, a 95% reduction in chemical usage, and more stable process operation compared to previous manual control methods.
USABlueBook and YSI Webinar May 2015 | Water Quality AdvancementsXylem Inc.
YSI and USABlueBook team up for a combined webinar to cover Advances in Water Quality Analysis Using Electrochemical and Optical Measurement Technology.
Learn about lab and portable handheld water quality instruments technology and advancements.
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
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Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
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Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
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Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
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Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
4. 4
CnHmNx + H2SO4
400 °C
Oxidation with boiling sulphuric acid:
Johan Kjeldahl, 1883:
n CO2 + 1/2 m H2O + x (NH4)2SO4(solv)
Oxidation with pure oxygen:
Jean Dumas, 1833:
1030 °C
[catalyst]
CnHmNx + a O2 n CO2 + ½ m H2O + x N-Oxides
How can we determine the nitrogen?
6. 6
• ~150 samples can be
measured, in 8 hours
Required equipment:
• DUMATHERM®
• Computer
Dumas
sample
sample
preparation
sample + tin
nitrogen (N2)
DUMATHERM®
(combustion)
7. 7
Presence time on the instrument for 20 samples
Weighing &
Startup
System
Weighing &
Startup
System
Analysis
5 min./ 1s
Digestion
2h/ 20s
Distillation Titra-
tion
Operator can do other work
presence time free time
60 min. 180 min. 280 min. 300 min.
60 min. 150 min.
Kjeldahl
Dumas
8. 8
Dumas method
Dumas, 1833: Oxidation with pure oxygen:
1030 °C
[catalyst]
CnHmNk + a O2 n CO2 + ½ m H2O + k NOx
NOx N2
800 °C
[catalyst]
combustion
(oxidation)
(reduction)
Jean-Baptiste Dumas
(1800-1884)
9. 9
Dumas method
carrier gas
(CO2)
sample+(CuO)
(CnHmNk)
copper oxide (CuO)
CO + 2CuO CO2
CH4 + 4CuO CO2 +2H2O
potassium hydroxide solution (KOH 50%)
KOH + CO2 K2CO3 + H2O
copper wire/mesh (Cu)
2NOx + Cu N2 + CuO
nitrogen (N2)
H2O, CO2,
CO, CH4,
NOX, N2,
H2O, CO2,
NOX, N2
H2O, N2,
CO2
10. 10
No release of toxic gases and usage
of masses of chemicals e.g. sulphuric
acid or sodium hydroxide)
No expensive fume cabinet necessary
Advantages of Dumas:
Work safety
Saves work space
11. 11
No additional space requirement.
No canister necessary
Fast analysis of samples in just 3-5 minutes
Advantages of Dumas:
Small footprint
Good waste management
Saves time and money
13. 13
As a difference to Kjeldahl we have to wrap the sample
This is typically done with tin foil
Airtight packing
Sample preparation and weighing
14. 14
Preparing the sample:
Ash insert with combustion residues.
Shape of the encapsulated samples refers to the diameter of the ash insert
in order to fully use its capacity. Especially when working with big sample
sizes, the ash insert has not to be changed as often as with irregularly
shaped samples.
Encapsulating device for samples
15. 15
New weighing tool allows easy handling of samples weights at from
10mg to 500mg without problem with only one foil. Working by hand you
need usually two foils
More capacity in ash insert due to better stack ability
Standardization of weighing process
contains air
(78% nitrogen in air)
Reduce costs with sample preparation
no contamination
with air
18. 19
• Extremely economical with nearly ash free combustion. Up to 80% price
saving.
• Up to 50% Absorber saving compered with Dumasorb.
• Liquids like water, beer, juice, milk, soya, liquid fertilizer, oil, mayonnaise,
ketchup can be with weighing tool and measured.
Sample preparation for liquid sample
20. 21
Sample handling
• Weighing of samples in Transfer Plate
• Error free transfer of 64 samples
• Simultaneous transfer of all samples just by gravity without manual handling
21. 22
• Robust Construction due to gliding rails
• No bent tubing possible
• Better protection from hot combustion tube
• Easy to lift and connect – no possibility to drop the sampler
Sampler 64+ concept + handling
22. 23
• Effective and fast purge of sampler by Helium supply
• Low and stable blanks
• 64-Position standard sampler (100 and 144 also
available)
Flexible sampler configuration
25. 26
X-Y-movement of sample tray
Easy to load and easy to follow up
add further samples easily possible
Emergency samples at any time in „special samples
easy handling of the samples through the transfer plate
Advantages of XY Autosampler (DUMATHERM® N
Pro)
No confusion of samples
Continuous work
Not resorting necessary
No transfer errors
27. 28
Sample (CnHmNk)
CO2, H2O,
N2, NOx
N2N2, CO2N2, CO2, H2O
1
2
3
-H2O
1. Condensation trap
2. Membrane system
(Permapure™)
3. Absorption trap
-CO2
Self
regenerating
adsorption trap
TCD
Thermal
Conductivity
Detector
adsorption
AS
AI
CF
AS Autosampler
AI Ash insert
CF Combustion furnace
RF Reduction furnace
RF
carrier gas
O2
H2O
HeN2
Purge gas N2
outer tubingInner tubing
permeable to water
H2O
H2ON2 He
Purge gas N2
Nitrogen determination with DUMATHERM
®
Gas in
Gas out
U
U out
R I
28. 29
Troubleshooting Leak test
• Fast leak test within 2 min.
• One Test for whole system
• Easy diagnosis 6 positions for possible leaks
• The connections are easily accessible from the
front of the Dumatherm
FC1
FC2
0%
0%
50%
100% dry air/ N2
FC1
FC2
1
2
3
-H2O
1. Condensation trap
2. Membrane system
(Permapure™)
3. Absorption trap
-CO2
Self
regenerating
adsorption
trap
TCD
Thermal
Conductivity
Detector
29. 30
Rapid start up (30 min.) (Heating, system test, leak test)
Less calibration work due to the innovative design and
advanced TCD detector
No reference gas stream for the Detector is necessary.
Reliable results within 3-5 minutes
Advantages of DUMATHERM®
Quickly ready for use
Calibration stable over years
Use of helium is minimized
Fast Analysis
30. 31
Lower operating costs than any other Dumas solution:
The unique three-stage water separation ensures a much
longer lifetime of the water separators.
The software allows precise combustion - for low oxygen
consumption.(with an oxygen bottle more than 32000 samples)
The tested quality catalysts are sufficient for more than 1000
tests (depending on the sample)
Advantages of DUMATHERM®
No problems with aqueous samples
Oxygen is not wasted
Saves money
34. 35
Starch – Low Nitrogen Application
• Starch has only remaining traces of
nitrogen/protein
• Nitrogen/Protein determination is for quality
control of starch
• The lower the better
• Fast stability and good repeatability is a Must
• Stable blanks values mandatory
• Calibration strategy
35. 36
Results with Potato Starch
• Excellent repeatability close to true detection limit of 0.003 mg Nitrogen absolute
• No combustion additives needed for high carbon content samples
• Reference results in less than 4 minutes
36. 37
Topic: MEAT
• Salty/Fatty samples in DUMAS analysis
Special handling?
Possible Problems
Solutions and easy workarounds
• Challenge for Sample preparation
• After homogenization samples can be weight in with 300-500mg
37. 38
Results FAPAS Canned Meat
11.05.2012 14:26:54 3336 220,140 16,10
1,543E+04 4,053 2,557 15,98
6,25
1,533E+04 4,026 2,558
2,153E+04 5,671 2,576
11.05.2012 14:22:16 3336 158,480 6,25
6,2511.05.2012 14:17:51 3336 157,394
3,873 2,553 15,9611.05.2012 14:04:34 3336 151,730 6,25
Nitrogen
[%]
Protein
[%]
16,01
0,06
0,40
2,561
0,010
0,403
15,99
Serial Number :
Software Version:
Time
159
DUMATHERM MANAGER V4.09
Weight
[mg]
Sample name
THAM lowN (L-L-L )Calibration mumber:
und standard name :
Standard Deviation
RSD [%]
Average
EDTA; THAM 1; THAM 2
Method :
Series Name :
B 1.4
FAPAS
Dumatherm Nitrogen / Protein Analyser
Operator :
N Weight
[mg]
Serviceman
Submitter :
Protein
factor
1,475E+04
Date
Nitrogen
Peak Area
[mV*s]
für N
38. 39
Milk
• Milk and Milk Products
DIN/ EU norm for milk and milk products on Dumas
Special requirements on milk on repeatability
• Liquid handling
• Requirement repeatability Protein (Kjeldahl): 3,591 ± 0,011 g/100g
39. 40
Excellent Milk Repeatability
Flow Rates:
o
C s
o
C s
o
C
3,775E+03 0,984 0,611 3,90
10.10.2013 10:45:43 Milch 3794 141,989 6,38 3,327E+03 0,866 0,610 3,89
10.10.2013 10:40:42 Milch 3794 160,960 6,38
Nitrogen
[%]
0,614
Protein
[%]
10.10.2013 10:35:31 Milch 3794 150,010 6,38 3,524E+03 0,918 0,612 3,90
3,90
0,01
0,29
0,612
3,92Milch 3794
Weight
[mg]
Sample name
Protein
factor
6,38
Serial Number :
Software Version:
Time
159
DUMATHERM MANAGER V4.11
for N Milchkalibration (L-L-L 0,002
0,286
Standard Deviation
RSD [%]
Average
sccm199,0
THAM; THAM 1; THAM 2
Times:
Sample Delay
sccm
Method :
Series Name :
C 1,6
Okt 13
Dumatherm Nitrogen / Protein Analyser
650Reduction Reactor
Combustion Reactor He I
Date
He II
141,893
980 9
Sample Stop 13
Operator :
N Weidht
[mg]
0,871
Nitrogen
Peak Area
[mV*s]
Degassing Oven
10.10.2013
Serviceman
Submitter :
Temperatures:
10:30:23
194,0 sccm
Calibration number
and standard name :
200,0 Run Time Auto298
3,347E+03
O2
42. 43
Official approvals of the Dumas Method
AOAC 992.15
AOAC 928.08
§ 64 LFGB 06.00-20
AOAC 993.13
DIN EN 13654-2
DIN ISO 13878
OIV-MA-AS323-02A
AOAC 920.53
AOAC 950.09
AOAC 997.09
MEBAK 2.6.1.2
Meat
Agriculture /
Fertilizer
Beer
Wine
43. 44
Official approvals of the Dumas Method
DIN EN ISO 16634
AOCS Ba 4e-93
AOAC 992.15
ISO 14891
IDF 185
§ 64 LFGB 01.00.60
§ 64 LFGB 02.00.24
§ 64 LFGB 03.00.27
AOAC 976.05
AOAC 968.06
AOAC 990.02
AOAC 990.03
AACC 46-30
GAFTA Method 4:2
European
Pharmacopoeia 5
method 7
Oilseeds
Milk and
Milkproducts
Pharmacy
Feed
44. 45
Official approvals of the Dumas Method
DIN EN ISO 19051
ISO 24698-1
AOAC 992.23
AACC 46-30
GAFTA Method 4:2
ICC Standard No. 167
ISO 16634-1
ISO TS 16634-2
AOCS Ba 4f-00
§ 64 LFGB, methods
17.00-18; 18.00-18;
22.00.2; 48.01-26
DIN EN 16168 (N)
DIN EN 10694 (C)
Environment
Foods
Rubber
Grain
46. 48
Exchange of reactor tubes
LR approx. 1000 Measurements
RR approx. 500 Measurements
Exchange of ash insert
Replacement depending on application.
Typical approx. 120 - 150 measurements
Cleaning of reactor connection at the bottom
(recommended every 1000 combustions)
Cleaning sample feeder
Standard operations by user
DUMATHERM® Principle
47. 49
Exchange of reactor tubes
LR approx. 1000 Measurements
RR approx. 500 Measurements
Exchange of ash insert
Replacement depending on application.
Typical approx. 120 - 150 measurements
Cleaning of reactor connection at the bottom
(recommended every 1000 combustions)
Cleaning sample feeder
Standard operations by user
48. 50
Combustion: Fast, Clean and Catalytic
CnHmNx + a O2 n CO2 + ½ m H2O + x N-
Oxides
1030 °C
[Catalyst]
Oxidation:
Heavy metal free catalyst (good for the
health)
Catalyst for full conversion without excess
oxygen
Side reaction pyrolysis is suppressed
Catalyst reduces the activation energy up to
400 °C. saving oxygen!
49. 51
Reduction with highly efficient DUMACop®
• Copper reacts 1 : 1, i.e.
stoechiometric reaction to copper
oxide
• Oxidations of the copper to black
copper(IV)oxide
N-Oxide N2
800 °C
[copper]
50. 52
Principle Adsorption + Desorption
• Molecular sieves based on zeolithes with
pre-defined poursize
• Adsorption based on the molecule size
• Temperature controlled equilibrium process
• Complete desorption at 350 °C which gives
a 100 % regeneration
• No need for chemical absorption with
NaOH
51. 53
Separation of Carbon Dioxide
• Chemical absorption materials like Ca(OH)2
Disadvantage: a lot maintenance
• Usage of CO2 as carrier gas, i.e.
separation not needed
Disadvantage: Drastically reduced
precision
• Adsorption/Desorption with suitable
adsorbents based on zeolithes
Disadvantage: None
52. 54
Easy and Automated Water Drainage
Expansion and drainage, fully automized
Software controlled drainage times
Maintenance free Permapure gas dryer
Regeneratable Water Absorber, easy refill
Non-hazardous materials, no quartz wool for
packing
WetDry
53. 55
Reduce Costs with liquid samples
New chemical free way of weighing in liquid
samples
Total non-hazardous materials (no mask
necessary during weighing, easy storage,
non-moisture sensitive, cheap, …)
Superabsorber burns without residue to CO2
54. 56
Reduce Running Costs
Predictable Costs with Consumables Packages
One-Box-Design with all necessary items
High Quality, long lifetime, certified consumables in Packages DUMASet ®
56. 58
Summary – Features & Benefits:
F: Catalytic combustion
B: Complete oxidation of all combustion gas components
F: Total combustion gas is analysed
B: Maximum precision
F: Reduced number of wear parts because of easy construction
B: Lower maintenance and service costs
57. 59
Summary – Features & Benefits:
F: Autosampler with high capacity of up to 144 samples
B: High productivity
F: Unattended operation possible: DUMATHERM N – 12 hours
B: Saving working hours and costs
F: Innovative detector - no reference gas necessary
B: Highest precision available and save helium