This document discusses nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl). It describes the preparation and uses of nitric acid, including in fertilizers, plastics, dyes, and explosives. The disadvantages of nitric acid are that it is highly corrosive and can damage lungs if inhaled or the throat and stomach if swallowed. The document then introduces HCl as a clear, colorless, and corrosive acid found in gastric acid. Methods of producing HCl include burning elements, reactions of organic byproducts and metallic chlorides with sulfuric acid, waste incineration, and decomposition of hydrated heavy metals.

1. TOPIC :
NITRIC ACID & HCL
PRESENTED By
Khurram Bashir
B1F17BSCH0057

2. NITRIC ACID

3. PREPARATION OF NITRIC ACID

5. EXPLANATION OF STEPS

10. USES OF NITRIC ACID
 Nitric acid is used in the production of ammonium
nitrate for fertilizers, making plastics, and in the
manufacture of dyes.
 It is also used for making explosives such as
nitroglycerin and TNT. When it is combined with
hydrochloric acid, an element called aqua regia is
formed.

11. DISADVANTAGES OF NITRIC ACID
 Nitric acid (HNO3) is highly corrosive. If inhaled, it
irritates and burns the lungs and throat badly,
potentially leading to pulmonary edema and death.
If it's swallowed, it burns through the lining of the
throat and stomach. Finally, note that breathing
nitrogen can kill you too

13. Introduction:
Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, highly pungent
solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water.
It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many
industrial uses. Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in
gastric acid.
As an monoprotic acid and one of the six common
strong mineral acids, it is the least likely to be subject
to an oxidation-reduction reaction.

15. Methods
 Synthesis from elements (Burning Process)
 Organic By-product Synthesis.
 Metallic chlorides with Sulfuric acid.
 Waste Incineration.
 Thermal decomposition of hydrated heavy metals

16. Organic by-product Synthesis
 Hydrochloric acid is made during chlorination of organic
products as follows:
 RH₂+ Cl₂→RCl + HCl
 Hydrochloric acid is also made during fluorination of
chlorinated organic products to manufacture
(hydro)chlorofluorocarbons as follows:
 RCl + HF →RF + HCl
 Where RCl stands for chloroform, trichloro ethane,
etc and RF stands for (hydro) chlorofluorocarbons