PRESENTED BY – PATIL ABHISHEK SHARAD DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS RAJARAMBAPU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, KASEGAON , SANGLI

1. NIOSOMES – A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY –
PATIL ABHISHEK SHARAD
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
RAJARAMBAPU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
KASEGAON , SANGLI

2. CONTENTS
 1. INTRODUCTION
 2. COMPOSITIONS OF NIOSOMES
 3. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 4. COMPARISION
 5. APPLICATIONS
 6. NIOSOME PREPARATIONS
 7. REFERENCES

3. NIOSOMES ?
 Niosomes are non-ionic surfactants with multilameller vesicles obtained
on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation
of sterol such as cholesterol or other lipids.
 Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures of size range between 10 to
1000 nm and consists of biodegradable, non-immunogenic and
biocompatible surfactants.

4.  Niosomes possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophilic
and hydrophobic moieties together, and as a result, can
accommodate drug molecules with a wide range of solubilities.
 Various types of drug deliveries can be possible using
niosomes like targeting, ophthalmic, topical, parental etc.
 Niosomes proved to be a promising drug carrier and has
potential to reduce the side effects of drugs and increased
therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases.

5.  Classification of Niosomes :
 1. Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUV)- Size=0.025-0.05 μm)
 2. Multilamellar Vesicles (MLV)- Size=>0.05 μm)
 3. Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUV)- Size=>0.10 μm).

6. COMPOSITIONS OF NIOSOMES
 I. Non-ionic surfactants
 a) Alkyl ethers
 b) Alkyl esters
 c) Alkyl amides
 d) Fatty acid and amino acid compounds
 II. Cholesterol
 III. Charged molecule

7. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 (A) Preparation of small unilamellar vesicles :
1. Sonication :

8. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 2. Microfluidization :
 (B) Preparation of multilamellar vesicles :
 1. Hand shaking method (Thin film hydration technique) :

9. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 2. Trans-membrane pH gradient (inside acidic) drug uptake process
(remote loading):
 (C) Preparation of Large Unilamellar Vesicles :
 1. Reverse Phase Evaporation Technique (REV) :

10. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 2. Ether injection method :

11. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 (D) Miscellaneous :
 1. Multiple membrane extrusion method :
 2. The bubble method :

12. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 3. Formation of niosomes from proniosomes :

13.  Advantages :
1. Niosomes are osmotically active and stable, chemically stable
2. They are biodegradable and non-immunogenic.
3. Niosomes can improve oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs.
4. They have high compatibility with biological systems and low
toxicity.

14.  Disadvantages :
1. The aqueous suspensions of niosomes may have limited shelf life
due to fusion, aggregation, leaking of entrapped drugs, and
hydrolysis of encapsulated drugs .
2. The methods of preparation of multilamellar vesicles such as
extrusion, sonication is time consuming and may require specialized
equipments for processing.
3. Such type of drug delivery system has high cost.
4. Sometimes phospholipid undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis.

15. LIPOSOMES NIOSOMES
Vesicles made up of concentric
Bilayer of phospholipids
Vesicles made up of surfactants
with or without incorporation of
cholesterol.
Size ranges from 10-3000nm Size ranges from 10-100nm
Comparatively expensive Inexpensive
Special storage condition are
required
No such special storage
conditions required
Phospholipids used are unstable Non-ionic surfactants are stable
Comparatively more toxic They are Less toxic

16. APPLICATIONS
1. Niosomes as drug carriers.
2. Drug targeting.
3. Anti-neoplastic Treatment.
4. Leishmaniasis.
5. Niosomes as carriers for Hemoglobin.
6. Transdermal delivery of drugs by niosomes.
7. Ophthalmic drug delivery.

17. NIOSOME PREPARATIONS
 1. Aceclofenac
 2. Diclofenac Sodium
 3. Ketoprofen
 4. Baclofen
 5. Salidroside
 6. Capsaicin
 7. Resveratrol
 8. Alpha – tocopherol
 9. Doxorubicin
 10. Curcumin

20. REFERENCES
 William SB, Arun JL. A review on niosomes in ocular
drug delivery system. International Journal of
Research and Review. 2020; 7(10): 484-493.
 Ms. Shubhangi V. Shekade, Assistant professor,
Department of pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri,
Pune, India.