Neurospora Tetrad Analysis.pptx
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1. The document discusses Neurospora as an ideal organism for studying genetics such as recombination and mutation. 2. It notes that Neurospora has a haploid dominant lifecycle with the zygote being the only diploid stage, which then undergoes meiosis to form haploid ascospores. 3. The ordered arrangement of ascospores in the ascus reflects the geometry of meiotic and mitotic spindles, allowing analysis of recombination patterns that confirms recombination occurs at the four strand stage.
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Loculoascomycetes^.^.pptx
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species.The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós) 'sac, wineskin'), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota.
Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomycetes are now identified and classified based on morphological or physiological similarities to ascus-bearing taxa, and by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.
Endosperm
ENDOSPERM
Types
1. Nuclear Endosperm with examples
2. Cellular Endosperm with examples
3. Helobial Endosperm with examples
Ascomycotina converted
This PPT intends to explore the basic characters, ecology and importance of the group of Ascomycetes fungi.
Sam's Copy
The document describes characteristics of three major divisions of algae - Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta. It provides details on their nuclei, color, flagellation, morphology, reproduction, life cycles, chloroplasts, and other distinguishing features. Examples are given of representative algae from each division, including images showing their structures and life cycles. Key aspects like heteromorphic or isomorphic alternation of generations, and gametic, sporic or zygotic life histories are highlighted.
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
Reproduction In Sphenopsida
- The document describes reproduction in the plant genus Equisetum. It discusses the structures involved in sexual and asexual reproduction.
- Fertile aerial shoots bear compact cones made of umbrella-like sporangiophores bearing sporangia. Sporangia contain homosporous spores surrounded by elaters.
- Vegetative reproduction occurs through rhizome tubers. Sexual reproduction involves spores germinating to produce haploid gametophytes bearing antheridia and archegonia for fertilization and diploid sporophyte development.
Development in drosophila
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT DROSOPHILA
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
CELL BIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA DEVELOPMENT
LIFE CYCLE
THE DROSOPHILA GENOME
UNUSAL FEATURES OF DROSOPHILA
SEX DETERMINATION
GENETIC MARKERS
DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA
CLEAVAGE
THE ORIGINS OF ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR POLORITY {GENES}
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
5. Sexual reproduction in marchantia
Sexual reproduction in the Marchantia genus of plants is oogamous. The plants are dioecious, with male antheridia and female archegonia located on separate individuals. Antheridia and archegonia develop on specialized stalked structures called antheridiophores and archegoniophores, respectively. Fertilization occurs when sperm from the antheridia are splashed by water onto the female archegonia. This results in the fertilized egg or zygote, which will grow into the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte produces spores that will disperse and germinate to form a new gametophyte generation, completing the life cycle of
Ectocarpus
Ectocarpus is a genus of brown algae found worldwide in marine and some freshwater environments. It grows as delicate, highly branched filaments attached to rocks. The thallus has a prostrate system that attaches to the substrate and an erect system of branches. Growth occurs through intercalary meristems. Ectocarpus reproduces asexually through haploid zoospores produced in one-celled or many-celled sporangia, and sexually through isogamous or anisogamous gametes that fuse to form diploid zygotes. This alternates between a haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation in its life cycle.
Ectocarpusppt y.vani
Ectocarpus is a brown alga found in cold waters around the world. It grows attached to rocks and stones, and sometimes epiphytically on other algae. The thallus consists of profusely branched filaments that are either haploid or diploid. It reproduces both asexually through the formation of zoospores in one-celled or many-celled sporangia, and sexually through isogamy or anisogamy. This results in an alternation of generations between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes.
Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas is a single-celled green alga that is found in fresh water environments like ponds, ditches, and wet soil. It reproduces both asexually through the production of zoospores and sexually through isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy depending on the species. The cell contains a cup-shaped chloroplast, pyrenoid, two flagella, contractile vacuoles, and sometimes an eye spot. Chlamydomonas is used as a model organism in research due to its simple structure and life cycle.
Female gametophyte
The document discusses different types of female gametophytes (embryo sacs) in plants. It describes the monosporic type which develops from a single megaspore and can be either 8-celled Polygonum type or 4-celled Oenothera type. The bisporic type develops from one of the two megaspores formed after the first meiotic division, and is Allium or Endymion type. The tetrasporic type has four megaspore nuclei that divide within the same cell (coenomegaspore) and can be Adoxa, Plumbago, Penaea, Peperomia or Drusa type depending on nuclear organization in the
rhodophyceae-22MBO025.pptx
ed algae or Rhodophyta – It is a distinctive type of species that are mostly found in the freshwater lakes and are the oldest type of eukaryotic algae.
They are red in colour due to the presence of a pigment called chlorophyll A, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin.
They are the member of the tribe Amansieae (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), in which only Aneurianna and Lenormandia Sonder have foliar blades.
They are the distinctive type of species, mostly found in the deep freshwater bodies.
Chlamydomonas Assignment
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Chlamydomonas
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Plasmodium vivax lives as an intracellular parasite in the red blood corpuscles (R.B.Cs) of man in the form of its mature adult condition, called trophozoite.
However, Plasmodium is widely distributed in tropical and temperate countries of the world but they are no longer a problem in the colder countries of the world. Countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, etc., are worst affected.
In our country, states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh suffer a greater setback by the infection of this parasite. In fact, the infection of Plasmodium is a global problem.
Class nematoda sudeshrathod
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I. For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
Similar to Neurospora Tetrad Analysis.pptx (20)
Reproduction of Algae | Vegetative, Asexual & Sexual reproduction
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Slide share//sumia fatema//Asexual reproduction in algae (2)
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bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
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Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
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formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
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Complex titration with EDTA.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
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Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Recently uploaded (20)
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
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Neurospora Tetrad Analysis.pptx
- 1. Neurospora Tetrad Analysis Confirms that Recombination occurs at the Four Strand Stage by Dr.K.Raveendra Retnam Assistant Professor of Botany Sethupathy Government Arts College Ramanathapuram - 623 502
- 2. Introduction Neurospora is a genus of Ascomycetes fungi In Ascomycetes each meiotic tetrad is formed with in a sac like structure called Ascus. Each spore is called ascospore. Neurospora is useful for genetic analysis Because It has a haploid life cycle. Therefore Genotype is directly expressed in Phenotype that makes genetic analysis simple They are produced in large numbers and therefore it is easy to detect variations. Its life cycle is very short Zygote is the only diploid stage and undergoes meiosis soon after it is formed resulting into haploid ascospores.
- 3. • Neurospora an ideal organism for studying mutation, chromosomal rearrangements, and recombination . • Neurospora cannot self fertilize • Asexual spores can develop again into multicellular hyphae, completing the cycle. • Asexual spores can also function as male gametes in the sexual reproductive cycle. • Zygote is the only diploid cell in its life cycle. After meiosis, each haploid cell undergoes another mitosis, producing eight haploid ascospores in the ascus (an octad) • The ordered arrangement of spores in asci reflects the geometry of the meiotic and mitotic spindles. • In the absence of Crossing over, ascospores are arranged linearly in the form of 4 : 4 Pattern.
- 4. Life Cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisia The products of meiosis i.e. four haploid ascospores are arranged randomly in unordered manner Yeast cells can grow vegetatively either as haploids or diploids.
- 5. Zygote is the only diploid cell in its life cycle. After meiosis, each haploid cell undergoes another mitosis, producing eight haploid ascospores in the ascus (an octad) The ordered arrangement of spores in asci reflects the geometry of the meiotic and mitotic spindles. Life Cycle of Neurospora crassa
- 6. In yeast, each tetrad is unordered; that is, the four meiotic products, known as spores, are arranged at random within the ascus. But In Neurospora crassa, Ascus is very narrow and linear. Therefore the cells cannot slide around each other and each tetrad is ordered, with the four pairs, or eight haploid spores.
- 7. When crossover does not takes place Two Spore patterns are Possible First Pattern is
- 8. When crossover does not takes place the Second Pattern is
- 9. Two Spore patterns are 50% 50%
- 10. When crossover takes place Four Patterns of Spores are possible They are 25% 25% 25% 25%
- 15. Conclusion Tetrad Analysis Confirms that Recombination occurs at the Four Strand Stage Thank you