This document discusses the different types of asexual reproduction in algae. It describes 8 types of asexual spores: zoospores, hypnospores, akinetes, cysts, palmella stage, aplanospores, autospores, and endospores. For each type, it provides details on their structure, when and how they are formed, and how they allow algae to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. The document is authored by Dr. Sumia Zafar from the Department of Botany at Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women.

1. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
ALGAE
Dr. Sumia Zafar
Department of Botany
Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College
for Women, Aurangabad
Pin code -431001

2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ALGAE
Types of asexual spores of algae
1.Zoospores
2.Hypnospores
3.Akinete
4.Cysts
5.Palmella stage
6.Aplanospores
7. Autospores
8. Endospores

3. ZOOSPORES
(Asexual reproduction)
i. The zoospores are the motile spores.
ii. Most of the algal thalli produce motile spores (Zoospores) during
asexual reproduction.
iii.The zoospores are formed when all the environmental factors are
favourable.
iv.These are produced in unicellular as well as multicellular algae.
v. Zoospores consists of two or more flagella for its movement .
Certain types are discussed below.
i. Biflagellate zoospores
ii. Tetra-flagellate zoospores
iii. Multiflagellate type zoospores e.g. Oedogonium
iv. Compound zoospores e.g. Vaucheria.

4. HYPNOSPORE FORMATION
(Asexual reproduction)
i. The hypnospores are thick walled spores.
ii. These are drought resistant spores which are formed
during unfavourable environment.
iii. These spores remain in dormant condition up to the
arrival of favourable environment for its germination e.g.
Pediastrum.

5. AKINETS
(Asexual reproduction)
11. The akinete are thick walled spores.
2. These are drought resistant spores.
3. A single spore is developed in each cell.
4. These spores remain in dormant condition for
long duration.
5. Akinete are formed in unfavourable environment.

6. CYST
(Asexual reproduction)
1. During unfavourable environmental conditions the algal plant body of
certain algae like Vaucheria loose water and develops transverse
septa within the thallus.
2. The thallus becomes segmented. Gradually each of the segments
secretes a many layered thick wall. Such type of spores are termed
as Cyst.
3. The cysts germinates directly into a new plant in presence of
favourable environmental conditions.

7. PALMELLA STAGE
(Asexual reproduction)
• In case of Chlamydomonas the cleavage of cytoplasm takes place but
the spores do not produce flagella and does not release from the
parental cell.
• Such spores gather in groups of 4 or 8 inside parental cell by
accumulating separate piece of mucilaginous sheath.
• At this stage the Chlamydomonas resemble the algae Palmella. Hence
the stage is termed as Palmella stage of Chlamydomonas.
• At maturity the spores are released and that independently grow in to
new daughter plants.

8. APLANOSPORE
(ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
1. During asexual reproduction certain algae produce non
motile spores inside the cell which are called
aplanospores.
2. Development of aplanospores requires favourable
environmental factors.
3. The aplanospores are spherical in shape and provided
with separate cell wall.

9. AUTOSPORES
(ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
1. The members of chlorococcales produce resting spores
in all the cells of thallus.
2. These spores are called autospores.
3. These spores are developed during dry or unfavourable
weather.
4. The resting spores are similar in size and shape which
germinate into new daughter thalli during favourable
condition.

10. ENDOSPORE
(ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
1. The endospores are also formed during unfavourable
environmental conditions.
2. In many blue green algal plants and in the members of
Bacillariophyceae such spores are formed.
3. The endospores are formed within the cells. The endospores
remain dormant in absence of favourable environmental
conditions.
4. The endospores germinate in a new individual during
favourable condition.

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