Neurological Assessment97 03
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This document provides an overview of how to assess neurological changes, specifically changes in level of consciousness. It discusses how to assess arousal, awareness, and response to stimuli. It also summarizes how to assess motor response, cranial nerves, Glasgow Coma Scale scoring, common stroke symptoms by location, and possible signs of hemorrhage.
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This document provides details on performing a neurological assessment, including assessing various aspects of consciousness, cranial nerves, sensation, and reflexes. It describes how to test orientation, memory, intellectual function, thought content, affect, and language. It also provides steps for examining each of the 12 cranial nerves, including smell, vision, eye movement, facial expression, hearing/balance, swallowing, shoulder shrugging, and tongue movement. Sensation tests are outlined for touch, pain, temperature, position, and vibration.
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation involves using a machine to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. It is commonly used in ICUs for patients with acute respiratory failure or distress. Some key points:
- There are two main types - negative pressure ventilation uses suction to pull air into the lungs, while positive pressure ventilation pushes air into the lungs.
- Indications for use include respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, increased work of breathing, and neurological/pulmonary conditions.
- Common modes include controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV), assisted-control (AC), and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV).
- Settings are based on parameters like respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen concentration, and pressures.
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This document discusses disorders of the autonomic nervous system. It begins by describing the anatomy and neurotransmitters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It then discusses various tests used to evaluate autonomic function, including heart rate variation with deep breathing, the Valsalva maneuver, sudomotor function tests, and orthostatic blood pressure recordings. The document concludes by describing specific autonomic disorders like Parkinson's disease, spinal cord lesions, autoimmune autonomic neuropathy, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
Nursing care of the patient with sci
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This document discusses unconsciousness and coma. It defines unconsciousness as a temporary state of lacking awareness and responsiveness. Coma is described as a state of sustained unconsciousness where the patient does not respond to stimuli. The causes, assessment tools, medical management, nursing care needs, and outcomes of unconsciousness and coma are covered. Reticular activating system is identified as controlling consciousness and disorders of this system can cause coma.
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http://neuroligaulbra.blogspot.com.br/2015/04/revisando-topicos-essenciais-em.html
Cranial Nerve Assessment
The document provides an overview of how to examine the 12 cranial nerves. It describes the anatomy and function of each nerve, as well as how to test each nerve clinically. For example, it explains that cranial nerve 2 controls vision and its examination involves testing visual acuity, visual fields, and fundoscopy. It then provides examples of abnormal findings on cranial nerve examinations, such as a right hemianopia found on testing a patient's visual fields.
medicine.Coma managment.(dr.muhamad tahir)
1. The document discusses various levels of impaired consciousness ranging from confusion to coma and defines them. It also describes the anatomy of the reticular activating system and two patterns of coma - diffuse cerebral injury or focal brainstem injury.
2. Specific causes of diffuse cerebral injury or focal brainstem injury that can lead to coma are provided. Evaluation of a comatose patient involves assessing level of consciousness, brainstem reflexes, and determining if focal neurological signs are present.
3. Management may involve giving thiamine, dextrose, naloxone and flumazenil in cases of diffuse injury without a known cause. For focal injuries, neuroimaging is important to identify structural
Cranial nerve examination
This document provides an overview of the 12 cranial nerves, including their functions, methods of testing, and common causes of lesions. It discusses each cranial nerve individually, describing the purpose of testing, functional components, and how to examine sensory and motor functions. The cranial nerves control important functions like smell, vision, eye movement, facial expression, hearing, taste, swallowing and neck movement. Testing of the cranial nerves provides insight into neurological impairments localized to specific brain regions or cranial nerves.
Cns Exam 3rd
The document provides an overview of performing a neurologic exam, including testing of the cranial nerves, sensation, strength, reflexes, and coordination. It describes how to test each component and common abnormalities that may be observed, with the goal of being able to recognize neurologic deficits.
Neuro Exam Portfolio
This document provides an overview of performing a neurological examination, including objectives, components, and techniques. It discusses evaluating various areas such as mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, reflexes, and sensory status. It also covers localizing neurological lesions, differentiating central and peripheral nervous system disorders, and assessing various conditions including movement disorders, levels of consciousness, and aphasia.
Neurological examination
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
Neuro assesssment
The document discusses a neurological assessment which includes examining the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cranial nerves, and various tests to evaluate motor and sensory function. A complete assessment consists of checking level of consciousness, mental status, cranial nerves, motor skills, sensation, coordination, and gait. Specific tests described include visual acuity, hearing tests, reflexes, and tests of coordination, balance, touch, and pain sensation. The nurse's role is to prepare the patient and environment, assist with the examination, record findings, and monitor the patient's condition.
Physical Examination
The document provides guidance on performing a neurologic examination. It outlines examining various aspects of cerebral function, the 12 cranial nerves, motor skills, sensory function, and reflexes. For each component, it describes the tests to perform and what normal and abnormal findings may indicate, such as signs of nerve damage or increased intracranial pressure. The goal is to indirectly evaluate neurologic function through assessing specific body parts controlled by the brain and peripheral nervous system.
Mld
A neurological examination assesses the nervous system for impairment by evaluating sensory and motor responses, especially reflexes. It typically includes a physical examination and medical history review to determine neurological function without advanced testing. The exam can be used for both screening and investigation of suspected neurological disorders. Key components include evaluating mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, sensation, coordination, and reflexes to check the cortex, subcortical structures, brainstem, spinal cord, nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. Abnormal findings may localize the source of neurological dysfunction.
Part 2 general physical and mental examination
The document provides an overview of general physical and mental examinations for neurologic patients. It describes examinations of the head, face, skin, back, and eyes and checks for conditions like hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease, and myasthenia gravis. It also outlines mental status examinations including tests of consciousness, memory, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Glasgow Coma Scale. Finally, it lists tests of lobular brain functions for the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
Frontal lobe
The document provides information about the frontal lobe of the brain. It discusses the three main areas of each frontal lobe - the dorsolateral aspect, medial aspect, and inferior orbital aspect. It describes the functions of the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, and Broca's area. It lists some common symptoms of frontal lobe lesions such as changes to motor function, language and speech, and executive functioning abilities. It also summarizes several bedside tests used to evaluate frontal lobe functions.
Neurological System
This document provides information on assessing the neurological system, including:
1) It lists relevant history questions and tests various cranial nerves, deep tendon reflexes, sensory function, and mental status.
2) It describes age-specific considerations for assessing infants, children, and the elderly.
3) It provides examples of practice exam questions and rationales for assessing level of consciousness and identifying the appropriate cranial nerve based on presenting symptoms.
NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION.pptx
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
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Endocrine Therapy
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Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
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Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Neurological Assessment97 03
- 1. Tammy Grunzweig, MSN,RN,CNRN Neurological Assessment