Nervous System Part 3 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 2 July 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Physiology of Nervous System .It is divided into 3 parts .This Part 3 includes , Memory ,Learning, Motivation, Physiology of Sleep, Dreams, EEG, Physiology of Temperature Regulation
Nervous System Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 8 May 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Physiology of Nervous System .It is divided into 3 parts .This Part 2 includes , Tactile Pathway i.e Dorsal Column Tract & Spino Thalamic Tract ,Optic Path way, Gustatory Path way ,Olfactory Path way ,Difference in UMN & LMN , ,Physiology of Sppech ,Articulation ,Intelligence
Homeostasis,cell physiology -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpanderajendra deshpande
Paper 1 – Part B – PPT Set 1 – Homeostasis & Cell Physiology
• This PPT Set is inEnglish .Very useful for 1st BAMS ,Teachers & Students for Teaching & Learning. It contains 1) Definition & mechanisms of maintenance of homeostasis 2) Cell physiology 3) Membrane physiology 4) Transportation of various substances across cell membrane
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Resting membrane potential -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpanderajendra deshpande
Paper 1 – Part B – PPT Set 2 – Resting Membrane Potential
• This PPT Set is inEnglish .Very useful for 1st BAMS ,Teachers & Students for Teaching & Learning. It contains Definition of resting Membrane Potential, Normal values of RMP, What is Action Potential ,Properties of Action Potential, Application of Membrane Physiology
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Basic components of Food & Metabolism Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Basic Components of Food & Metabolism . It is divided into 2 parts .This Part 1 includes Description about Acid Base Balance ,Water & Electrolyte Balance ,Study of Basic Components of Food like Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats ,Fat Soluble Vitamins like A,D,E,K & Water Soluble Vitamins like B,C .Sources ,Daily requirements & Functions of Vitamins
Haemopoetic system – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 24 June 17
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part B. Point 1 . Haemopoetic system
.This PPT contains ---
Composition & functions of blood & blood cells ,Haemopoiesis (stages & development of RBCs, & WBCs & platelets) , composition & functions of bone marrow ,structure , types & functions of haemoglobin , mechanism of blood clotting , anticoagulants , physiological basis of blood groups , plasma proteins , introduction to Anaemia & jaundice .
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Kriya Sharir Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Sharir Kriya Instuments By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –
Sharir Kriya ( Ayurvedic Physiology) is Basic subject of First BAMS ( Ayurvedic Graduation).This PPT is very useful as a Teaching Aid for Ayurvedic Teachers & useful Assets for Learning to Ayurveda students.PPT covers all Important Instruments like Microscopes, Stethascope ,BP Apparatus,Haemocytometer,Neubaur’s chamber,Tunning fork,Clinical Hammer,Urinometer,Hepende’s caliper to measure skin fold thickness,ECG Machine,Thermometer,Nasal Speculum,ESR Tubes & Stands,Ryle’s tube,Autoscope,Vaginal Speculum,Proctoscope,Tonometer etc.Another interesting part is you will get Introduction to useful Books & web site Links of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Basic Components of Food & Metabolism Part 2 –
By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
This PPT includes description of diseases ,due to deficiency of Proteins, Carbohydrates ,Iron, Calcium ,Phosphorus ,Iodine ,Vitamins .Then there is mention about Hyper vitaminosis problems ,specially due to Excess consumption of Vitamin A & D .Last part of PPT is about Protein, Carbohydrate & Fat Metabolism
Nervous System Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 8 May 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Physiology of Nervous System .It is divided into 3 parts .This Part 2 includes , Tactile Pathway i.e Dorsal Column Tract & Spino Thalamic Tract ,Optic Path way, Gustatory Path way ,Olfactory Path way ,Difference in UMN & LMN , ,Physiology of Sppech ,Articulation ,Intelligence
Homeostasis,cell physiology -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpanderajendra deshpande
Paper 1 – Part B – PPT Set 1 – Homeostasis & Cell Physiology
• This PPT Set is inEnglish .Very useful for 1st BAMS ,Teachers & Students for Teaching & Learning. It contains 1) Definition & mechanisms of maintenance of homeostasis 2) Cell physiology 3) Membrane physiology 4) Transportation of various substances across cell membrane
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Resting membrane potential -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpanderajendra deshpande
Paper 1 – Part B – PPT Set 2 – Resting Membrane Potential
• This PPT Set is inEnglish .Very useful for 1st BAMS ,Teachers & Students for Teaching & Learning. It contains Definition of resting Membrane Potential, Normal values of RMP, What is Action Potential ,Properties of Action Potential, Application of Membrane Physiology
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Basic components of Food & Metabolism Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Basic Components of Food & Metabolism . It is divided into 2 parts .This Part 1 includes Description about Acid Base Balance ,Water & Electrolyte Balance ,Study of Basic Components of Food like Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats ,Fat Soluble Vitamins like A,D,E,K & Water Soluble Vitamins like B,C .Sources ,Daily requirements & Functions of Vitamins
Haemopoetic system – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 24 June 17
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part B. Point 1 . Haemopoetic system
.This PPT contains ---
Composition & functions of blood & blood cells ,Haemopoiesis (stages & development of RBCs, & WBCs & platelets) , composition & functions of bone marrow ,structure , types & functions of haemoglobin , mechanism of blood clotting , anticoagulants , physiological basis of blood groups , plasma proteins , introduction to Anaemia & jaundice .
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Kriya Sharir Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Sharir Kriya Instuments By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –
Sharir Kriya ( Ayurvedic Physiology) is Basic subject of First BAMS ( Ayurvedic Graduation).This PPT is very useful as a Teaching Aid for Ayurvedic Teachers & useful Assets for Learning to Ayurveda students.PPT covers all Important Instruments like Microscopes, Stethascope ,BP Apparatus,Haemocytometer,Neubaur’s chamber,Tunning fork,Clinical Hammer,Urinometer,Hepende’s caliper to measure skin fold thickness,ECG Machine,Thermometer,Nasal Speculum,ESR Tubes & Stands,Ryle’s tube,Autoscope,Vaginal Speculum,Proctoscope,Tonometer etc.Another interesting part is you will get Introduction to useful Books & web site Links of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Basic Components of Food & Metabolism Part 2 –
By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
This PPT includes description of diseases ,due to deficiency of Proteins, Carbohydrates ,Iron, Calcium ,Phosphorus ,Iodine ,Vitamins .Then there is mention about Hyper vitaminosis problems ,specially due to Excess consumption of Vitamin A & D .Last part of PPT is about Protein, Carbohydrate & Fat Metabolism
Shalakya Tantra syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
PG –Ayurved Entrance - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents –
• This PPT is for preparation of the Subject Kriya Sharir . This PPT gives Basic Data Base of Study to you.These are Fertile Topics ,where MCQ can grow .Once you are perfect in Data Base – MCQ –Puzzles Can be created & solved
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Padartha Vignyan Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
•
Welcome introduction ppt for 2016 BAMS admission Students rajendra deshpande
Welcome to BAMS Course PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on the first lecture ( like an address ) of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande to new admitted students in 2016 in Ayurved college ,Nigdi Pune ,India . Prof.Deshpande explains about God Dhanvantari ,God of Health .He explains about course BAMS ,Governing bodies ,Subjects of BAMS ,Staff of Ayurved college ,Syllabus Distribution of Kriya Sharir .He Gives Basic Information of Ayurved .He introduces himself .He gives his ATP ( Advance Teaching Programme) ,date wise Topics. Lastly he gives Time Table to students .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Shalya Tantra(Surgery) –Part 1- A
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction 2) Historical IMP points 3) Abnormalities at birth 4) Instruments Like -- Kidney Tray , Scalpel & Blades Different Forceps ,Retractors ,Catheters ,Ryle’s Tube Flatus Tube ,Sigmoidoscope ,Proctoscope
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Prakruti or biotype By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande,Pune,Indiarajendra deshpande
Biotype or Prakruti is like Key for your Health .Once you know your Biotype ,you can understand about Ideal Life style,Diet ,Exercises ,Occupation etc suitable for your Constitution. Visit also www.ayurvedicfriend.com .
Dhatu Introduction – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 31 Oct 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Etymology of word Dhatu , derivation, definition of Dhatu , general introduction of term Dhatu ,Concept of Kala, Concept of Srotas ,Dhatu Poshan Kal , different theories related to Dhatuposhana (Dhatuposhana Nyaya)
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of each Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Sthana or site iii) Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande is Ayurveda & Yoga Consultant .He has written 51 books till March 2014 & developed Many Audio & Video CDS..This PPT presentation will help you to know Prof.Dr.Deshpande & his Books & Audio Video CDS.,his useful links on Internet.Visit also www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Aturvedic Medicinal Herbs Schlok - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features
• This PPT includes IMP schlokas of Medicinal Herbs .Useful for Ayurvedic Students ,Teachers & Practitioners.Schlok includes Synonyms ,Properties & Indications .Schlokas are like Mathematical or chemical Formulae, which give vast information in few lines .Schlokas Recitation is helpful in Medical Practice .Most IMP schlokas are given with Sandhi vigraha – so easy to read ,easy to understand meaning & easy to remember.Plants are arranged Alphabetically –Easy to find out expected reference
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Roga Nidan ( Ayurvedic & Modern Pathology) – syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mansa Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 3 July 2018
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Mansa Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Mansa Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Mansa - Sthana or site iii) Mansa -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Mansa -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Mansa ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Mansa Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Mansa Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Mansa Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Mansa Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Mansa Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Mansa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Mansa -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Mansa Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Mansa Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
We look upon every Ancient creation is inferior to our own misguided intellect
Faith in Ayurveda leads to Worshiping
Knowledge of Ayurveda helps in Healthy living
Wisdom of Ayurveda brings Eternity
Sharir kriya charts & Models PPT by Prof.Dr.R.R..Deshpande,pune,indiarajendra deshpande
Sharir Kriya Charts & Models By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –
Sharir Kriya ( Ayurvedic Physiology) is Basic subject of First BAMS ( Ayurvedic Graduation).This PPT is very useful as a Teaching Aid for Ayurvedic Teachers & useful Assets for Learning to Ayurveda students.PPT covers all Important Charts & Moels ,that we have in Ayurved College Nigdi ,Pune .Charts of Vata, Pitta ,Kapha & of 7 Dhatus like Rasa ,Rakta Mansa ,Meda ,Asthi ,Majja & Shukra & also waste products like Mutra are very useful as a Teaching aid with LCD Projector.Students can down load it on their smart Phones & Can circulate freely in What’s App Group..Another interesting part is you will get Introduction to useful Books & web site Links of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Sharirkriya Practical of Prakruti Parikshan on 21 Sep 15 –By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande –
This PPT is based on the Prakruti Parikshan points, mentioned in Kriya sharir Journal .It also includes Dictionary regarding Terms in Prakruti Parikshan .This Dictionary is printed in Dr. Deshpande’s Book of Shari Kriya Practical of Shantanu Prakashan .Teacher can teach Prakruti Parishan Topic with presenting this PPT on LCD projectors ,in front of the students .
Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com M- 9226810630
Charak Samhita - ‘Chapter Sequence –Purpose’
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Purpose of this PPT -- Each Book has some idea in arranging sequence of Chapters 2) This is very Interesting to understand the purpose of sequence of Chapters in Charak Samhita 3) In this PPT Charak Samhita –Uttarardha part ,is taken which is a part of Syllabus of Third BAMS 4) Chikitsa Sthhana + Kalpa Sthana + Siddhi Sthana Chapter sequence is discussed
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Rasa Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 11 Feb 2017
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Rasa Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Rasa Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Rasa - Sthana or site iii) Rasa -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Rasa -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Rasa ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Rasa Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Rasa Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Rasa Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Rasa Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Rasa Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Rasa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Rasa -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Rasa Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Rasa Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Introduction of schlok pages of sharirkriya handbook 9 9-15rajendra deshpande
Sharirkriya Hand Book – Schlok pages By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –on 9-9-15
• This PPT is to Introduce First year BAMS students ,Handbook of Sharirkriya Book .Some pages are scanned & given in PPT .Students are expected to make underlining as like shown in PPT ,in their Individual Hand Book .Also students should write down ,some English words & tips mentioned on different pages .This PPT is uploaded to save time in class room to dictate & explain these IMP pages from Hand book . Note this ppt is not ideal to present on LCD ,from long distance, because scan pages will not be seen from distance.This ppt is only for personal use to see it on your computer or mobile.
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com M- 9226810630
Shalakya Tantra syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
PG –Ayurved Entrance - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents –
• This PPT is for preparation of the Subject Kriya Sharir . This PPT gives Basic Data Base of Study to you.These are Fertile Topics ,where MCQ can grow .Once you are perfect in Data Base – MCQ –Puzzles Can be created & solved
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Padartha Vignyan Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
•
Welcome introduction ppt for 2016 BAMS admission Students rajendra deshpande
Welcome to BAMS Course PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on the first lecture ( like an address ) of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande to new admitted students in 2016 in Ayurved college ,Nigdi Pune ,India . Prof.Deshpande explains about God Dhanvantari ,God of Health .He explains about course BAMS ,Governing bodies ,Subjects of BAMS ,Staff of Ayurved college ,Syllabus Distribution of Kriya Sharir .He Gives Basic Information of Ayurved .He introduces himself .He gives his ATP ( Advance Teaching Programme) ,date wise Topics. Lastly he gives Time Table to students .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Shalya Tantra(Surgery) –Part 1- A
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction 2) Historical IMP points 3) Abnormalities at birth 4) Instruments Like -- Kidney Tray , Scalpel & Blades Different Forceps ,Retractors ,Catheters ,Ryle’s Tube Flatus Tube ,Sigmoidoscope ,Proctoscope
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Prakruti or biotype By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande,Pune,Indiarajendra deshpande
Biotype or Prakruti is like Key for your Health .Once you know your Biotype ,you can understand about Ideal Life style,Diet ,Exercises ,Occupation etc suitable for your Constitution. Visit also www.ayurvedicfriend.com .
Dhatu Introduction – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 31 Oct 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Etymology of word Dhatu , derivation, definition of Dhatu , general introduction of term Dhatu ,Concept of Kala, Concept of Srotas ,Dhatu Poshan Kal , different theories related to Dhatuposhana (Dhatuposhana Nyaya)
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of each Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Sthana or site iii) Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande is Ayurveda & Yoga Consultant .He has written 51 books till March 2014 & developed Many Audio & Video CDS..This PPT presentation will help you to know Prof.Dr.Deshpande & his Books & Audio Video CDS.,his useful links on Internet.Visit also www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Aturvedic Medicinal Herbs Schlok - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features
• This PPT includes IMP schlokas of Medicinal Herbs .Useful for Ayurvedic Students ,Teachers & Practitioners.Schlok includes Synonyms ,Properties & Indications .Schlokas are like Mathematical or chemical Formulae, which give vast information in few lines .Schlokas Recitation is helpful in Medical Practice .Most IMP schlokas are given with Sandhi vigraha – so easy to read ,easy to understand meaning & easy to remember.Plants are arranged Alphabetically –Easy to find out expected reference
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Roga Nidan ( Ayurvedic & Modern Pathology) – syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mansa Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 3 July 2018
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Mansa Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Mansa Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Mansa - Sthana or site iii) Mansa -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Mansa -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Mansa ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Mansa Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Mansa Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Mansa Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Mansa Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Mansa Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Mansa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Mansa -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Mansa Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Mansa Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
We look upon every Ancient creation is inferior to our own misguided intellect
Faith in Ayurveda leads to Worshiping
Knowledge of Ayurveda helps in Healthy living
Wisdom of Ayurveda brings Eternity
Sharir kriya charts & Models PPT by Prof.Dr.R.R..Deshpande,pune,indiarajendra deshpande
Sharir Kriya Charts & Models By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –
Sharir Kriya ( Ayurvedic Physiology) is Basic subject of First BAMS ( Ayurvedic Graduation).This PPT is very useful as a Teaching Aid for Ayurvedic Teachers & useful Assets for Learning to Ayurveda students.PPT covers all Important Charts & Moels ,that we have in Ayurved College Nigdi ,Pune .Charts of Vata, Pitta ,Kapha & of 7 Dhatus like Rasa ,Rakta Mansa ,Meda ,Asthi ,Majja & Shukra & also waste products like Mutra are very useful as a Teaching aid with LCD Projector.Students can down load it on their smart Phones & Can circulate freely in What’s App Group..Another interesting part is you will get Introduction to useful Books & web site Links of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande .Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Sharirkriya Practical of Prakruti Parikshan on 21 Sep 15 –By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande –
This PPT is based on the Prakruti Parikshan points, mentioned in Kriya sharir Journal .It also includes Dictionary regarding Terms in Prakruti Parikshan .This Dictionary is printed in Dr. Deshpande’s Book of Shari Kriya Practical of Shantanu Prakashan .Teacher can teach Prakruti Parishan Topic with presenting this PPT on LCD projectors ,in front of the students .
Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com M- 9226810630
Charak Samhita - ‘Chapter Sequence –Purpose’
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Purpose of this PPT -- Each Book has some idea in arranging sequence of Chapters 2) This is very Interesting to understand the purpose of sequence of Chapters in Charak Samhita 3) In this PPT Charak Samhita –Uttarardha part ,is taken which is a part of Syllabus of Third BAMS 4) Chikitsa Sthhana + Kalpa Sthana + Siddhi Sthana Chapter sequence is discussed
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Rasa Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 11 Feb 2017
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Rasa Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Rasa Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Rasa - Sthana or site iii) Rasa -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Rasa -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Rasa ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Rasa Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Rasa Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Rasa Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Rasa Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Rasa Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Rasa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Rasa -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Rasa Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Rasa Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Introduction of schlok pages of sharirkriya handbook 9 9-15rajendra deshpande
Sharirkriya Hand Book – Schlok pages By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande –on 9-9-15
• This PPT is to Introduce First year BAMS students ,Handbook of Sharirkriya Book .Some pages are scanned & given in PPT .Students are expected to make underlining as like shown in PPT ,in their Individual Hand Book .Also students should write down ,some English words & tips mentioned on different pages .This PPT is uploaded to save time in class room to dictate & explain these IMP pages from Hand book . Note this ppt is not ideal to present on LCD ,from long distance, because scan pages will not be seen from distance.This ppt is only for personal use to see it on your computer or mobile.
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com M- 9226810630
This presentation discusses the basic principles governing EEG Rhythm Generation, and discusses the various circuits that generate and maintain cerebral oscillations.
Nervous System Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 2 May 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Physiology of Nervous System .It is divided into 3 parts .This Part 1 includes , Introduction of Nervous System ,Different parts of the Brain & their Funcyions , Cranial Nerves & their functions , Comparison of Sympathetic & Parasympathetic System ,What is Reflex, What is Synapse, Difference in UMN & LMN ,Cortico Spinal Tract ,Auditory Pathway
This lecture explores the biopsychosocial factors impacting attention deficit and hyperactivity. The slides explore pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for primary care settings.
Charting Neural Pathways in Schizophrenia and BPD-Chicago Conference 2016 - S...Sanjoy Sanyal
This was presented by Dr. Sanjoy Sanyal, Professor, Surgeon, Neuroscientist, Informatician, at 2nd International Conference on Brain Disorders and Therapeutics, Chicago, USA, October 26-28, 2016
Types of Schizophrenia
Types of Bipolar Disorder (BPD)
DTI Findings in Schizophrenia / BPD
Videos of White Matter Affected in Psychosis
Brain Network Concepts
Basal Forebrain Components and VTA
Videos of Meso-limbic / Meso-cortical Tracts
Receptors in Psychotic Disorders
Videos of Pathophysiology in Schizophrenia 1 and 2 – Rx Principles
Future Research Possibilities
Summary and Conclusion
Thank you for watching.
Clinical Examination of Nervous System - PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT explains how to perform Central Nervous System Examination systematically & step by step .This includes (1) Examination for higher functions (2) Examination of cranial nerves (3) Examination of sensory system (4) Examination of motor system (5) Examination of reflexes (6) Examination of gait (7) Examination of spine and cranium (8) Examination for special signs (such as cerebellar signs)
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Understanding the neurobiology of the ageing brainDeclanKing2
In this CC BY licensed PowerPoint presentation, Dr. Declan King, who is a post-doc in the Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences’ at the University of Edinburgh gives a brief explanation of the ageing brain and briefly describes a useful method for isolating both protein and RNA preparations from enriched synaptic fractions from post-mortem brain tissue.
The PowerPoint style lecture was made into an OER by Dr. King on April 2020 as part of the Digital Education module for the Postgraduate Certificate (PgCert) in Academic Practice at The University of Edinburgh.
2015 keynote presentation at the Oregon Counseling Association Conference by Darryl Inaba, PharmD, CATC-V, CADC-III, author of Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders.
· Final Paper. You will be required to write a research paper, c.docxoswald1horne84988
· Final Paper. You will be required to write a research paper, choosing your topic from a list of topics provided (Index 14) A separate list of topics is also provided exclusively for school psychology majors who are enrolled in the class. Your paper must be written in APA Style. Here is an APA writing style resource that you can use as a guide to familiarize yourself. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/. Your paper must be at least 12 double spaced pages in length, EXCLUDING your title page, abstract, and reference pages. You will need a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed references (pre-approved by this instructor) for your term paper. You may not use the textbook as a reference. Four deadlines for various steps in the Research Paper Assignment are noted in the Course Schedule below. Your timely completion of each of these steps will be considered in your total grade for the assignment. You may certainly submit the various components and the final paper before the given due dates. The final research paper and its component parts will count for 150 points of your final grade total. Specific assignment posting dates are given in the Course Calendar on the last pages of this Course Syllabus.
Paper Outline
· Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 4/8
Paper Due
· Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 4/22
PSY 668 – Tentative Course Schedule
Dates
Learning Objectives/Questions
Assigned Reading
Assignments Due
1/16-1/21
What are the origins of brain and behavior?
Chapter 1
Pgs. 1-32
Quiz #1
Discussion Board #1
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 1/21
1/22-1/28
How does the nervous system function?
Chapter 2
Pgs. 33-72
Quiz #2
Video Review # 1
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 1/28
1/29-2/4
What are the functional units of the nervous system?
Chapter 3
Pgs. 73-106
Quiz #3
Video Review #2
Discussion Board #2
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 2/4
2/5-2/11
How do neurons use electrical signals to transmit information?
Chapter 4
Pgs. 107-136
Quiz #4
Research Paper Topic
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 2/11
2/12-2/18
How do neurons use electrochemical signals to communicate and adapt?
Chapter 5
Pgs. 137-170
Quiz #5
Video Review #3
Discussion Board #3
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 2/18
Dates
Learning Objectives/Questions
Assigned Reading
Assignments Due
2/19-2/25
How do drugs and hormones influence the brain and behavior?
Chapter 6
Pgs. 171-208
Quiz #6
Video Review #4
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 2/25
2/26-3/4
How do we study the brain’s structure and functions?
Chapter 7
Pgs. 209-244
Quiz #7
Discussion Board # 4
Video Review #5
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 3/4
3/5-3/11
How does the nervous system develop and adapt?
Chapter 8
Pgs. 245-282
Quiz # 8
Annotated Bibliography for Research Paper
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 3/11
3/12-3/18
How do we sense, perceive, and see the world?
Chapter 9
Pgs. 283-320
Quiz #9
Video Review #6
Discussion Board #5
Due by 11:59 p.m. CST on 3/18
3/19-3/25
Fall Break – NO Work Due (
3/26-4/1
How do we hear, speak, and make mus.
Here's a Journal Club Presentation I'd made on 'Repeated Δ9-THC Exposure in Adolescent Monkeys: Persistent Effects Selective for Spatial Working Memory'. It was taken from the April 14 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry. It examined the long-term effects than THC exposure had on the working memory efficiency of adolescent monkeys, thereby providing some evidence to the near permanent effects cannabis use might have on the developing brain.
Ayurvedic Concept of Waste Products
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- 1) Mutra ( Urine) , 2) Purisha ( Faeces or Stool ) , 3) Sweda ( Sweat ) ,4) Rasa Mal –Kapha , 5) Rakta Mal – Pitta , 6) Mansa Mal – Kha mal , 7) Meda Mal – Sweda , 8) Asthi Mal – Kesha ,Lom ,Nakha, Smashru 9) Majja Mal – Akshi & Vit –Sneha , 10) Shukra Mal –Oja
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Concept of Upadhatu
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- What is Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissues) ?,Difference in Dhatu & Upadhatu ,Stanya ( Breast Milk) ,Raj ( Menstrual Discharge) ,Sira ( Blood Vessels) ,Kandara( Tendons) ,Vasa ( Fat in Meat) ,Twacha ( Skin) ,Sandhi ( Bony Joints) ,Syayu ( Aponerosis, Sphincters ,Tendons)
•
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas ,Causes for the Pathology of Srotas ,Clinical Features of Pathological Srotas ,Treatment for Pathology in Srotas
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Dravyaguna PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 2nd BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Latin Name ,Useful part ,Type of plant –Tree or herb or creeper ,Description of leaves ,Product Picture of Plant
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Stri rog & Prasuti Tantra Question Papers
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Final Year UG BAMS Question Papers of the Subject –Stri Rog & Prasuti Tantra .This is PDF .Download it & Save in your mobile .You can Zoon in & enlarge the image & read it .Very useful for Ayurved UG & PG students.
Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Dhatu Sarata
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Concept of Health ,Bioenergy + Body Tissues- Supporters and pillars of our body.+ Healthy & Disease state , To keep fit –Functions of each Dhatu
What is Dhatu Sarata ? ,What is the Importance of Sarata Examination ,Importance of Saravan Dhatu ,Types of Dhatu Sarata ? ,Practical Utility of Dhatu Sarata ,Dashavidha Pariksha What is meaning of word- Sara ? ,Advice for Heena Dhatu Sarata Clinical Features of Each Dhatu Sarata ,Diction
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Virechan – Panchakarma
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction of Virechan 2) Causes of Pitta Vitiation 3) Pitta & Rakta –Relation ( Ashraya –Ashrayi) 4) Virechan –Indications 5) Virechan – Contraindications 6) Virechan –Benefits 7) Pre Treatment of Virechan ( Purva Karma) 8) Symptoms of Optimal Snehan or Oiling 9) Virechan – Main Procedure ( Pradhan Karma) 10) Advice after Virechan 11) Post Regimen after Virechan 12) Sansarjankram ( Specific Diet Advice) 13) Symptoms of Proper Virechan ( Samyak) 14) Symptoms of Less Virechan ( Ayog) 15) Symptoms of Excess Virechan ( Ati yog) 16) Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Virechan Dravyas 17) Types of Virechan 18) Drug Formulations 19) Virechan in Clinical Practice Worms Burn wounds Acne Vulgaris ,Urticaria 20) Case study
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Mechanism of Respiration
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Mechanism of Respiration 2) 2 Stages of Respiration 3) Muscles of Respiration 4) Bucket Handle movement of ribs 5) Pump Handle movement of Sternum 6) Role of Expiratory Muscles 7) Role of Accessory Muscles 8) Respiration & Ayurved
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Management of Problems in Sub-types of Tri-dosha
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Health problems & Management of Sub types of Vata,Pitta & Kapha
• 5 Subt ypes of Vata –Prana,Udan,Vyan,Saman,Apan
• 5 Sub Types of Pitta – Pachak,Ranjak,Sandhak,Bhrajak ,Alovhak
• 5 Sub types of Kapha – Kledak,Bodhak,Avalambak,Schleshak ,Tarpak
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurved Propagation in Germany
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Munich ,German Visit in 2012 –By Prof.Dr.Deshpande 2) Details of Travelling 3) Photographs 4) Programme Details 5) Details of Preparation of –Dhanyak Him ; Panchakol Phanta ; Shatavari Kalpa ;Kshir Bala Taila ;Arjun Kshirpak
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Shalya Tantra(Surgery) –Part 1- B
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents –1) Sterilization
• 2) Anaesthesia 3) Positions 4) Incisions 5) Bandages
• 5) IV Fluids 6) Shock
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Second BAMS Question Papers –Summer 2018
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – MUHS - Question Papers of Summer 2018 .Subjects – Dravyaguna Paper 1 & 2 ;Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana –Paper 1 & 2 ; Agadtantra ;Charak Purvardha
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Meda Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 6 July 2018
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Meda Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Meda Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Meda - Sthana or site iii) Meda -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Meda -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Meda ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Meda Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Meda Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Meda Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Meda Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Meda Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Mansa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Meda -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Meda Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Meda Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Female reproductive system
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents
• Description of Organs of Female Reproductive System –Vagina,Cervix ,Uterus ,Fallopian Tubes ,Ovary ,
• Menstruation –Slide 54 to 66
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Male reproductive system
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Introduction ,Penis ,Scrotum , Testis , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoon, Epididymis , Vas deferance ,Accessory Glands , Seminal Vesicle , Prostate Gland , Bulbourethral Glans , Spermatozoa , Spermatogenesis , Seminiferous tubules , Control of Spermatogenesis , Fate of Spermatozoa, Metabolism of Spermatozoa , Fertilization of Ovum, Semen
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Pediatrics in GP
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Basic Understanding of Paediatrics ,Normal Weight,Mile Stones, About Breast Milk ,Immunization, Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, Rickets, Pica ,Febrile Convulsions, Epilepsy,Chronic Recurrent Cough ,Bed wetting ,Causes of Crying of Baby
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
GI Tract –Part 1
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 5) Histology of Digestive Tract 6) Salivary glands 7) to 19) –Functions of Liver 21) Five Secretions & Five Movements 25) Functions of Salivary Gland 33) Functions of Gastric secretions 43) Functions of Pancreatic Sectretions 53) Intestinal Juice –Enzymes 54) Functions of Large Intestine 58) Deglutition
• 65) Mastication 73) Movements of Stomach 80) Enteric Nervous system 90) Movements of small Intestine 102) Defecation Reflex 109) Stool
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Anticoagulants & Plasma
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) What is Anti Coagulant ? 2) Uses of Anti Coagulants 3) Examples of Anticoagulants –Coumerin & Heparin 4) Laboratory or in Vitro use of Anti Coagulants 5) Three Main Plasma Proteins as Albumin, Globulin & Fibrinogen 6) Properties of Plasma Proteins 7) Functions of Plasma Proteins 8) Pathology of Plasma Proteins 9) Plasmapheresis or Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Haemostasis & Blood Groups
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) What is Haemostasis ? 3 Steps in Blood Clotting 2) 13 Clotting Factors 3) Process of Blood Clotting –Intrinsic & Extrinsic Pathway 4) Blood Group --Landsteiner’s Law 5) Types of Blood Groups 6) Importance of Blood Groups
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Nervous system part 3
1. Nervous System Part 3
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
(M.D in Ayurvdic
Medicine & M.D. in
Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• professordeshpande@g
mail.com
7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
2. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 27/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 2
Sharir Kriya -- Paper 1 –Part B –Point 4
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic
Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
3. Sharir Kriya Paper 1-Part B –Set 2
• Presented By –
• Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• Prof & HOD
• CARC ,Pune 44
7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 3
4. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 47/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 4
Sharir Kriya Hand Book –
1st to last year BAMS
• Best for Fast Revision
• Paper 1,Paper 2
• Practicals
• Instruments
• Histology
• IMP Schlok
• All basics of
Dodha,Dhatu & Mala
5. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 57/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 5
Sharikriya Paper Practical Book
• As per Very New
Syllabus formed By
CCIM IN 2012
• Ayurvedic Practicals
like Prakruti,sara,Agni
• Modern
Haematological
Practicals
• CNS & CVS
Examination
6. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 67/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 6
Clinical Examination
• Systemic Examination
of 8 systems
• Ayurvedic Srotas
Examination
• Clinical significance of
Lab Tests &
Radiology,USG,2D
Echo
7. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 77/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 7
Sharir Kriya Paper 1
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dosha & Prakruti
8. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 87/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 8
Sharir Kriya Paper 2
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dhatu,Mala
9. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 9
Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s
Popular Links on Internet
• Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top
or on your mobile . Copy Following Link &
Paste as Web address –URL
• http://www.youtube.com/user/deshpande1
959
• http://www.slideshare.net/rajendra9a/
• http://www.mixcloud.com/jamdadey/
7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 9
10. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 10
Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s
Popular Links on Internet
• Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top
or on your mobile . Copy Following Link &
Paste as Web address –URL
• http://professordeshpande.blogspot.in
• http://professordrdeshpande.blogspot.in/
• http://www.mixcloud.com/rajendra-
deshpande
• https://soundcloud.com/professor-
deshpande
7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 10
11. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 11
Memory ( Smruti in Ayurved)
• Memory is the ability to recall past
experienced or information
• Memory is also retention of learned
materials
13. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 13
Anatomical aspect of Memory
• The parts of the brain, associated with
memory are -----
• Association cortex of the frontal, parietal,
occipital, temporal lobes
• Limbic system (Hippocampus,
amygdaloid nucleus), Diencephalon.
15. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 15
Anatomical aspect of Memory
• There exists synapse for memory coding
• There are 2 separate pre synaptic
terminals (primary pre synaptic terminal &
facilitator terminal)
• When sensory terminal is stimulated
with facilitator terminal, signals remain
strong for few months or few years
16. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 16
Physiological aspect of memory
• Memory is stored in brain, by the alteration
of synaptic transmission.
• Through facilitation memory storage is
enhanced. This process is called as
memory sensitization
• Through in habituation, memory storage
is attenuated or decrease in strength.
This is negative memory
18. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 18
Types of memory
• Short term memory is the temporary
ability to recall a few pieces of information
• Long term memory last for days to years.
19. Types of memory
• In short term memory number of pre
synaptic terminals & size of terminals are
increased
• In long term memory neuronal circuit is
rein forced by constant activity, memory
is consolidated & encoded (at
Hippocampus & Papez circuit).
7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 19
20. 7/2/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 20
Types of memory
• Experimental studies of memory &
learning are carried out in the Sea snail,
called as Aplysia.
• Eric Kandel is the pioneer to use Aplysia
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Chemical or molecular aspect of memory
• Memory Ingram is a process through
which memory is facilitated & stored in the
brain (by structural & biochemical
changes)
• This is memory trace.
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Chemical or molecular aspect of memory
• Neurotransmitter serotonin plays a major
role in molecular basis of facilitation.
Calcium ions increase the release of
serotonin.
• Habituation is due to passive closure of
calcium channels of terminal membrane.
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Consolidation of memory
• This is the process through which short
term memory is converted in to a long
term memory.
• Rehearsal of same information again &
again accelerates & potentiates this
transformation process.
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Consolidation of memory
• Long term potentiation (LTP) is related
with memory, neurotransmitter glutamate
stimulates release of nitric oxide (No) from
the post synaptic neurons
• NO is responsible for induction of LTP.
• Acetylcholine (Ach) also play an
important role in memory
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Consolidation of memory
• In Alzheimer’s disease, there is a depletion of
some part of brain region, where Ach is
synthesized
• Nucleic acids are also related with long term
memory
• DNA & RNA store information DNA persist for
lifetime of the cell
•
27. Consolidation of memory
• If RNA formation is inhibited, long term
memory will not occur
• RNA synthesis depends up protein
synthesis
• So there is relation of Protein with
Memory
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Clinical significance
• 1) Amnesia - this is loss of memory.
• Anterograde amnesia occurs due to
lesion in Hippocampus.
• There is failure to generate new long term
memories.
• In Retrograde amnesia, there is problem
to recall past remote memory
• It happens in temporal lobe syndrome.
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Clinical significance
• 2) Dementia –
• In addition to loss of memory, there is
progressive loss of intellect, emotional
control, social behavior & motivation
• This is common after the age of 65.
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Causes of Amnesia & Dementia
• Most common is Alzheimer’s disease.
• Other causes are
• Hydrocephalus
• Parkinson’s
• Viral encephalitis
• HIV, Hypothyroidism
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Alcoholic intoxication
• Poisoning by high dose of barbiturates,
• Heavy metals.
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Alzheimer’s disease
• This is progressive neurodegenerative disease.
• Death of neurons are in cerebral hemispheres
Hippocampus & pons.
• Due to deficiency of enzyme Choline acetyl
transferase, there is less synthesis of Ach.
• Due to degeneration of locus seruleus, synthesis
of nor epinephrine decreases.
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Alzheimer’s disease
• Patient suffers from loss of recent memory, lack
of thinking & judgment. There are personality
changes.
• Further psychiatric features developed. Motor
functions are affected.
• Patient lives vegetative life without thinking
power. At moment no treatment is available.
• Physostigmine inhibits cholinesterase. This
gives moderate improvement
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Non associative learning
• Non associative learning is a response of
a person to only one type of stimulus
• It is based on Habituation & Sensitization
• Habituation is, getting used to something,
to which a person is constantly expose
39. Non associative learning
• After some time a person is Habituated to
the stimulus & ignores it
• Sensitization is a process, by which the
body is made to become more sensitive to
a stimulus.
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Non associative learning
• This is amplification of response
• When same stimulus is combines with
another pleasant or unpleasant stimulus,
the person becomes more sensitive to
original stimulus.
41. Non associative learning
• Eg. While driving on the road a person is
familiar to regular traffic sounds
• But if one day a person hears screaming,
he gets shocked or sensitized with this
stimulus.
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Associative learning
• This is a complex process
• This is learning about relations between 2
or more stimuli at a time
• The example is conditioned reflexes
• This is the acquired reflex, which required
learning, memory & recall of previous
experiences.
44. Associative learning
• They are of 2 types ---
• Classical conditioned reflexes &
• Instrumental conditioned reflexes
• Very famous example of classical
conditioned reflex is demonstrated by the
classical Bell - Dog experiment, done by
Ivan Pavlov
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Instrumental conditioned reflexes
• To develop these type of reflexes the
animal is taught to perform some task in
order to obtained a reward or to avoid a
punishment
• Learning & memory are the
physiological basis of conditioned
reflexes.
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Instrumental conditioned reflexes
• So, learning is the ability to acquire skills
through instructions or experience
• Capability for change with learning is
called as plasticity
• This is the ability to change behavior in
response to stimuli from the external &
internal environments.
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Motivation
• Motivation is the psychological feature that
arouses an organism to act towards a desired
goal & elicits, controls, & sustains certain goal
directed behaviors
• It can be considered a driving force; a
psychological drive that compels an action
toward a desired goal
51. Motivation
• For example, hunger is a motivation that
elicits a desire to eat
• Motivation has been shown to have roots
in physiological, behavioral, cognitive, &
social areas.
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Motivation
• Motivation may be rooted in a basic
impulse to optimize well - being, minimize
physical pain & maximize pleasure
• It can also originate from specific physical
needs such as eating, sleeping/ resting, &
sex
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Theories & models
• Intrinsic & extrinsic motivation
• Motivation can be divided into 2 types
• Intrinsic (internal) motivation &
• Extrinsic (external) motivation
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Intrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation
that is driven by an interest or enjoyment
in the task itself
• Exists within the individual rather than
relying on external pressures or a desire
for reward
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Intrinsic motivation
• Students who are intrinsically motivated
are more likely to engage in the task
willingly as well as work to improve their
skills
• Which will increase their capabilities
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Intrinsic motivation
• Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated
if they:
• Attribute their educational results to factors
under their own control, also known as
autonomy
• Believe they have the skills which will allow them
to be effective agents in reaching their desired
goals without relying on luck
• Are interested in mastering a topic, not just in
achieving good grades.
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Extrinsic motivation
• Extrinsic motivation refers to the
performance of an activity in order to
attain an outcome
• Extrinsic motivation comes from outside
of the individual
59. Extrinsic motivation
• Common extrinsic motivations are –
• Rewards (for example money or grades)
for showing the desired behavior &
• The threat of punishment following
misbehavior
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Extrinsic motivation
• Competition is in an extrinsic motivator
because it encourages the performer to
win & to beat others, not simply to enjoy
the intrinsic rewards of the activity
• A cheering crowd & the desire to win a
trophy are also extrinsic incentives
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Comparison of
intrinsic & extrinsic motivation
• Social psychological research has
indicated that extrinsic rewards can lead
to----
• Over justification and
• A subsequent reduction in intrinsic
motivation.
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Self - control
• The self - control aspect of motivation is
increasingly considered to be a subset of
emotional intelligence
• It is suggested that although a person
may be classed as highly intelligent, they
may remain unmotivated to pursue
intellectual endeavors
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Drives
• Basic drives could be sparked by
deficiencies such as hunger, which
motivates a person to seek food
• Whereas more subtle drives might be the
desire for praise & approval, which
motivates a person to behave in a manner
pleasing to others.
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Incentive theory
• Studies show that if the person receives
the reward immediately, the effect is
greater, & decreases as delay lengthens
• Repetitive ‘Action – Reward’ combination
can cause the action to become habit.
65. Incentive theory
• Motivation comes from 2 sources
• Oneself & from other people
• These 2 sources are called as ---
• Intrinsic motivation & extrinsic
motivation, respectively.
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Escape - seeking model
• Escapism & seeking are major factors
influencing decision making.
• Escapism is a need to break away from a
daily life routine, turning on the television
& watching an adventure film
• whereas Seeking is -- desire to learn,
turning on the television to watch a
documentary.
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Need theories
• Motivation, as defined by Pritchard &
Ashwood ------
• This is the process used to allocate
energy to maximize the satisfaction of
needs
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Herzberg distinguished between
• Motivators --- eg. challenging work,
recognition, responsibility which give
positive satisfaction and
• Hygiene factors -- eg. status, job security,
salary and fringe benefits that do not
motivate if present, but, if absent, result in
demotivation.
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Motivator - Hygiene Theory
• The name Hygiene factors is used
because, like hygiene, the presence will
not make you healthier, but absence can
cause health deterioration
• The theory is sometimes called the
"Motivator - Hygiene Theory" and/or "The
Dual Structure Theory. "
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Physiology of sleep
• Limbic System
• Certain components of the cerebral
hemisphere & diencephalon constitute the
limbic (Limbus = Border) system
• Research work shows -- its association
with a control of visceral functions as a
primary area for emotional expression
& outlets.
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Limbic System(IMP regions)
• 1) Cortex (Limbic Lobe) - Largest components
are Para - hippocampal & Cingulate Gyri (both
gyri of cerebral hemispheres) & Hippocampus,
which extends into the floor of the lateral
ventricle
• 2) Dentate Gyrus
• 3) Amygdaloid body (Amygdala) 4) Septal
Nuclei
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Limbic System
• 5) Mammillary bodies of the
hypothalamus
• 6) Anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
• 7) Olfactory bulbs
• 8) Bundles of interconnecting myelinated
axons.
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Limbic System
• The Limbic System is a wishbone
shaped group of structures that encircles
the brain stem & functions in the
Emotional aspects of behavior related to
survival
• The Hippocampus, together with portions
of the cerebrum also functions in Memory.
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Limbic System
• Memory impairment results from lesions in
the limbic system
• Experiments on the limbic system of the
monkeys & other animals indicate that the
Amygdaloid Nucleus assumes a major
role in controlling the overall pattern of
behavior.
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Limbic System
• Limbic System is associated with Pleasure & Pain
• Stimulation of the perifornical nuclei of the
hypothalamus results in a behavioral pattern called
Rage
• The animal assumes a defensive posture - extending its
claws, raising its tail, hissing, spitting, growling &
opening its eyes wide. Stimulating other areas of the
limbic system results in an opposite behavioral pattern -
docility, tameness & affection.
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Limbic System
• Limbic system assumes a primary function
in emotions such as pain, pleasure, anger,
rage, fear, sorrow, sexual feelings, docility
& affection
• Hence called as Visceral or Emotional
Brain
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Sleep
• Definition –
• A state of consciousness, that differs from
alert wakefulness, by a loss of critical
reactivity, to events in the environment &
accompanied by a profound alteration in
the function of the brain.
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Sleep
• Rhythm - One sleep period in 24 hours
• It also depends on habit
• Commonly, sleep occurs during the
period of rest i.e. - at night
• In night workers, day sleeping is the habit.
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Sleep
• Requirement - Varies inversely with age
•
• New born baby - 16 - 20 Hours
• Children - 12 - 14 Hours
• Adults - 7 - 9 Hours
• Old age - 5 Hours
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Sleep
• Curve –
• 1) In adults - Max. depth at the end of 1st
hour.
• 2) In children - 2 max. periods -
• a) Between 1st & 2nd hour.
• b) Between 8th & 9th hour.
• (No dreams during deep sleep.)
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Physiological responses during sleep
• 1) C. V. S. - Pulse ↓, B. P. ↓
• 2) RS - Rate ↓
• 3) B. M. R. - ↓
•
• 4) Secretions - Salivary & lacrimal - ↓
• Gastric - ↑ or unaltered
• Sweat - ↑
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Physiological responses during sleep
• 5) Muscles - Relaxed.
• 6) Eyes -- Eye - balls - roll up & out
• (Due to flaccid external ocular muscles),
• Eye lids - come closer (due to drooping of the
upper lids),
• Pupils – contracted
• 7) CNS - EEG = Appearance of δ waves,
• Deep Reflexes - ↓, Babinski - Extensor
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Different stages during sleep
• 1) Light sleep = Rapid Eye Movement
Sleep (REM Sleep) = Rhomben - cephalic
sleep - During this stage, high incidence of
penile erection & grinding of teeth
(Bruxism)
• 2) Non Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
(NREM Sleep) = Slow Wave Sleep.
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Causes of sleep
• 1) Howell's Theory of Cerebral Ischaemia
• The drowsiness after food is due to splanchnic
vasodilatation, fall of B. P. & consequent
cerebral ischaemia.
• 2) Biochemical theories
• a) Acetylcholine - Acetylcholine is closely related
to functional integrity of the nervous system. It is
claimed that sleep is due to the accumulation of
Acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex.
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Causes of sleep
• b) Hypnotoxin - Some scientists claim that
hypnotoxin, which is liberated from the brain
tissue, produces sleep.
• c) Lactic Acid - During fatigue, lactic acid
accumulates in the tissues. Lactic acid
depresses the activities of the cerebral cortex.
(But what is real ? - In fatigue, there is often
sleeplessness & oxidation of lactic acid occurs
which supplies energy to the brain, which
disapprove this theory.)
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Causes of sleep
• 3) Kleitman's Theory
• More acceptable than others. Due to reduction
of muscle tone & discharge of less afferent
impulses, cerebral cortex remain inactive.
• Fatigue of the muscle with consequent reduction
of transmission of afferent impulses to the
cerebral cortex & thereby keeping it inactive
seems to be a plausible factor in the production
of sleep.
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Dreams
• Dreams are successions of images, ideas,
emotions, and sensations that occur
involuntarily in the mind during certain
stages of sleep.
• The content & purpose of dreams are not
definitively understood
• Dreams have been a topic of scientific
speculation, philosophical & religious interest.
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Dreams
• The scientific study of dreams is called
Oneirology
• Scientists believe that, in addition to
humans, certain birds & the majority of
mammals also dream.
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Dreams
• Dreams mainly occur in the rapid - eye
movement (REM) stage of sleep - when brain
activity is high & resembles that of being awake
• REM sleep is revealed by continuous
movements of the eyes during sleep
• Dreams may occur during other stages of sleep,
however, these dreams are not memorable
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Dreams
• Dreams can last for a few seconds, or as long as
twenty minutes
• People are more likely to remember the dream
if they are awakened during the REM phase
• The average person has about 3 to 5 dreams
per night, but some may have up to 7 dreams in
1 night
103. Dreams
• The dreams tend to last longer as the
night progresses
• During a full 8 - hour night sleep, 2
hours of it is spent dreaming
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Dreams
• In modern times, dreams have been seen as a
connection to the unconscious
• They range from normal & ordinary to bizarre
• Dreams can have varying natures, such as
frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic,
adventurous, or sexual
• Dreams can at times make a creative thought
occur to the person or give a sense of
inspiration.
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Dreams
• Dream interpretations date back to 5000 - 4000
BC.
• The Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, who
developed the discipline of psychoanalysis,
wrote extensively about dream theories &
interpretations.
• He explained dreams as manifestations of our
deepest desires & anxieties, often relating to
repressed childhood memories or obsessions.
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Cultural meaning
• The Mesopotamians believed that the soul, or
some part of it, moves out from the body of the
sleeping person & actually visits the places &
persons the dreamer sees in his sleep.
• Ancient Egyptians believed that dreams were
like oracles, bringing messages from the gods.
• They thought that the best way to receive divine
revelation was through dreaming & thus they
would induce dreams.
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Cultural meaning
• The Greeks shared their beliefs with the
Egyptians on how to interpret good &
bad dreams, & the idea of incubating
dreams.
• Greek philosopher, Aristotle (384 - 322
BC) believed dreams caused physiological
activity. He thought dreams could analyze
illness and predict diseases.
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Dynamic psychiatry
• Freudian view of dreams
• In the late 19th century, psychotherapist
Sigmund Freud developed a theory that
the content of dreams is driven by
unconscious wish fulfillment.
• Freud called dreams the "royal road to the
unconscious".
109. Dynamic psychiatry
• Freudian view of dreams
• He theorized that the content of dreams
reflects the dreamer's unconscious mind &
specifically that dream content is shaped
by unconscious wish fulfillment.
• He argued that important unconscious
desires often relate to early childhood
memories & experiences
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The neurobiology of dreaming
• Accumulated observation has shown that
dreams are strongly associated with rapid
eye movement sleep.
• During REM sleep, the release of the
neurotransmitters norepinephrine,
serotonin & histamine is completely
suppressed
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Dreams in animals
• REM sleep & the ability to dream seem to
be embedded in the biology of many
organisms that live on Earth.
• All mammals experience REM.
112. Dreams in animals
• The range of REM can be seen across
species:
• Dolphins experience minimum REM,
• While humans remain in the middle &
• The opossum & the armadillo are among
the most prolific dreamers.
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Other hypotheses on dreaming
• There are many other hypotheses about
the function of dreams, including:--
• Dreams allow the repressed parts of the
mind to be satisfied through fantasy
while keeping the conscious mind from
thoughts that would suddenly cause one to
awaken from shock.
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Other hypotheses on dreaming
• Freud suggested that bad dreams let the brain
learn to gain control over emotions resulting
from distressing experiences.
• Jung suggested that dreams may compensate
for one - sided attitudes held in waking
consciousness.
• Ferenczi proposed that the dream, when told,
may communicate something that is not being
said outright
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Relationship with medical conditions
• There is evidence that certain medical
conditions (normally only neurological
conditions) can impact dreams
• For instance, some people with
synesthesia have never reported entirely
black & white dreaming, & often have a
difficult time imagining the idea of
dreaming in only black & white
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Relationship with medical conditions
• Therapy for recurring nightmares
• Often associated with posttraumatic stress
disorder –
• Can include imagining alternative
scenarios that could begin at each step of
the dream.
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Electro - Encephalography - EEG
• This is the recording of electrical activity
along the scalp.
• EEG measures voltage fluctuations,
resulting from ionic current, flows within
the neurons of brain.
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Electro - Encephalography - EEG
• EEG = recording of brains spontaneous
electrical activity for 20 - 40 min recorded with
multiple electrodes, placed on scalp.
• This is the main diagnostic test for epilepsy.
• It is also helpful in the diagnosis of coma,
encephalopathies & brain death.
120. Electro - Encephalography - EEG
• It is also used in the studies of sleep &
sleep disorders (recording is done for 1 full
night)
• EEG was first line method to diagnose
tumors, stroke & other focal brain
disorders.
• This use is decreased with the advent
of MRI & CT
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Source of EEG activity
• Electrical charging of brain is maintained by
neurons.
• Neurons are constantly exchanging ions with
the extracellular surrounding.
• When wave of ions reaches the electrodes on
scalp, they can push or pull electrons on the
metal of electrodes.
122. Source of EEG activity
• The difference in push or pull voltages
between any 2 electrodes can be
measured by a voltmeter.
• Recording these voltages for particular
time gives EEG.
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Source of EEG activity
• Scalp EEG activity shows oscillations at
a variety of frequencies.
• These oscillations have characteristic
frequency ranges.
• These ranges are associated with different
states of brain functioning (like waking
state & various sleep stages.)
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Clinical use of EEG
• 1) To distinguish epileptic seizures from
other types of convulsions like
psychogenic nonepileptic fits, cyncope or
fainting.
• 2) To differentiate organic encephalopathy
or delirium from psychiatric syndromes like
catatonia.
• 3) This is an adjuvent test for brain death.
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Clinical use
• Sometimes a routine EEG is not sufficient & EEG is
constantly recorded during actual epileptic fit.
• This is done to differentiate-
• 1) Between epileptic fits from non epileptic convulsions.
•
• 2) To identify the character of seizure for giving
different types of treatments.
• 3) To localize the region from the brain where a seizure
originates (for work up of possible seizure surgery)
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EEG can be used
to monitor certain procedures
• 1) To monitor the depth of anesthesia.
• 2) This is indirect indicator of cerebral
perfusion in carotid end arterictomy
• First human EEG recording was obtained
by Han’s Burger in 1924.
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EEG can be used
to monitor certain procedures
• EEG does not involve exposure to high
intensity magnetic field as in MRI
• It also does not involve exposure to radio
- ligends unlike positron emission
tomography.
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EEG - limitations & disadvantages
• 1) Lower resolution (MRI) can directly
display areas of brain which are active,
while EEG requires intense interpretation
to decide which areas are activated by a
particular response
• 2) EEG determines neural activity, which
occurs below cortex of brain very poorly
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EEG - limitations & disadvantages
• 3) Unlike PET & MRS, EEG can not
identify specific locations at which various
neurotransmitters drugs can be found
•
• 4) Takes a long time to connect a patient
to EEG (precise placements of many
electrodes around head - Less time for
MRI etc.)
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Method for EEG
• Recording is obtained by placing
electrodes on scalp with a conductive gel
or paste
• (after preparing scalp area by light
abrasion to reduce impedance due to
dead skin cells)
132. Method for EEG
• Electrodes are attached to individual wire,
19 electrodes with earthlings are used
• In neonates they are less in number
• Each electrode is connected to one input
of differential amplifier
• Digital EEG signal is stored electronically
& can be filtered for display.
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Method of EEG
• Adult human EEG signal is about 10 μv -
100 μv in amplitude
• EEG is read by neurologist
•
• EEG is described in terms of rhythmic
activity & transients
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Wave patterns in EEG
• 1) Delta waves (δ)
• Frequency range up to 4 Hz. Highest in
amplitude & shortest wave. It is seen in adults, in
slow wave sleep, also seen in babies.
• Pathologically, it may be seen locally with sub
cortical lesions & in general distribution with
metabolic encephalopathy, hydrocephalus
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Wave patterns in EEG
• 2) Theta waves (θ)
• Range from 4 - 7 Hz.
• Seen normally in young children or in
drowsiness.
• Also seen during meditation.
• Pathologically same like δ waves.
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Wave patterns in EEG
• 3) Alpha waves (α)
• Frequency 8 - 12 Hz. Seen in posterior
region of head on both the sides
• It emerges with closing of eyes & with
relaxation & attenuates with eye opening
or mental exertion.
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Wave patterns in EEG
• 4) Beta waves ( )
• Range from 12 - 30 Hz.
• Beta activity is closely linked to motor
behavior & alternated during active
movements
• It may be absent or reduced in areas of
cortical damage
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Wave patterns in EEG
• 5) Gamma waves ( )
• Range from 30 - 100 Hz
• They are seen in certain cognitive or
motor functions
• EEG varies with age & also state of mind
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EEG during sleep
• 1) Stage I seep - increase in θ (Theta)
frequency.
• 2) Stage II sleep - characterized by spindles.
Range - 12 - 14 Hz.
• 3) Stage III & IV sleep - called as (slow wave
sleep). Presence of δ (delta) frequencies (non
rapid eye movements)
• Stage III & IV sleep = NREM
• The EEG in REM sleep is similar to awake EEG.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Birds & mammals (Man) are warm
blooded animals or homeothermic animals
• Body temperature is maintained at a
constant level, irrespective of the
environmental temperature
• Amphibians & reptiles are poikilo thermic
or cold blooded animals
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Temperature can be measured in the
mouth, axilla, rectum
• Rectal temperature is higher than oral
• oral is higher than axillary temperature
• Normal oral temperature varies between
96.4 to 99.10F
• core temperature of the body is 100F in
human being.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Physiological variation of body
temperature can occur as per ----
• Age, sex,
• Diurnal variation,
• After meals, exercise,
• Sleep, emotion,
• Menstrual cycle.
144. Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Hyperthermia or fever is abnormal
increase in the body temperature
• Fever is mostly caused by bacteria &
there toxins & viruses
• Decrease body temperature is called as
hypothermia.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Normal body temperature is maintained by
the hypothalamus, with the help of ---
• Heat loss centre (situated in pre optic
nucleus of anterior hypothalamus) &
• Heat gain centre. (situated in posterior
hypothalamic nucleus)
• The hypothalamic thermostat is in the pre
optic area.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Body temperature is depend on the
metabolic rate of the body
• Metabolic rate is affected by ---
• Exercise, the nervous system, hormones,
ingestion of food, age, sex, climate, sleep
& malnutrition.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Heat is retained in the body through ---
• Vasoconstriction, sympathetic stimulation,
skeletal muscle contraction & thyroid
hormone production
• Heat loss occur through ----
• Radiation, evaporation, conduction &
convection
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Radiation is the transfer of heat from a
warmer object to a cooler object, without
physical contact
• Evaporation is the conversion of liquid to
a vapor
150. Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• Conduction is the transfer of body heat to
a substance or object in contact with the
body
• Convection is transfer of body heat by a
liquid or gas, between areas of different
temperatures
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Mechanism of temperature regulation
• 1) When body temperature increases,
temperature regulation occur by 2
mechanisms –
• a) promotion of heat loss
• b) prevention of heat production.
• Promotion of heat loss occur, by
increasing the secretion of sweat
(Diaphoretic ,internal medicine)
154. Mechanism of temperature regulation
• By inhibiting sympathetic centers in
posterior hypothalamus (it causes
coetaneous vasodilatation, causing
excessive sweating)
• Heat loss centre prevents heat production
by inhibiting, shivering & metabolic
reactions.
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Physiology of Temperature Regulation
• 2) What happens when body
temperature decreases? –
• Temperature is brought back to normal by
preventing heat loss & promotion of heat
production.
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Heat production is promoted by
following ways
• 1) Shivering –
• Heat gain centre stimulates the primary
motor centre for shivering, when
enormous heat is produced, because of
severe muscular activities
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Heat production is promoted by
following ways
• 2) Metabolic reactions are increased -
sympathetic centers are activated by heat
gain centre
• They stimulate secretion of adrenaline &
nor adrenaline
• Adrenaline accelerates cellular metabolic
activities.
158. Heat production is promoted by
following ways
• Also hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin
releasing hormone, which releases TSH
• Thyroxin accelerates the metabolic
activities.
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Heat production is promoted by
following ways
• 3) Chemical thermo genesis –
• Heat is produced by metabolic activities,
induced by hormones
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Fever - 3 types
• Mild Fever --- ------------- 98.5 to 100.4 F
• Low grade fever ----------- 100.4 to 102.2 F
• Moderate grade fever ----- 102.2 to 104 F
• High grade fever ------------- 104 to 107.6 F
163. Clinical features of fever
• Warm body ,Headache, sweating,
• Shivering,
• Muscle pain,
• Dehydration,
• Weakness.
• In high grade fever there is convulsions,
confusion, irritability & hallucinations.
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166. Hypothermia - 3 types
• Mild hypothermia ---------- 95 to 91.4 F
• Moderate hypothermia ---91. 4 to 87.8 F
•
• Severe hypothermia -------below 87.8 F
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167. Causes or hypothermia
• Exposure to cold temperature
• Immersion in cold water
• Hypothyroidism
• Drug abuse
• Lesion in hypothalamus
• Haemorrhage in pons.
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168. Clinical features of hypothermia
• In mild hypothermia ---
• Uncontrolled intense shivering,
• Pain
• Discomfort.
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171. Clinical features of hypothermia
• In moderate hypothermia --
• Shivering stops but muscles become stiff
• Mental confusion,
• Shallow respiration,
• Weak pulse,
• Low BP.
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172. Clinical features of hypothermia
• In sever hypothermia ---
• Weakness & exhaustion
• Skin becomes bluish gray
• Eyes are dilated
• Person loses consciousness
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