The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes key parts of the brain including the lobes, cortex, and interior structures like the brain stem, limbic system, and cerebrum. It also discusses neurons, the basic unit of the nervous system, and how they transmit signals via neurotransmitters and electrical impulses. Imaging techniques like EEG, MRI, and PET scans are used to study the living brain.

1. The Nervous System The Brain and Behavior

2. What did Phrenologist Do?

3. Phrenology Developed by Franz Gall (1758)

4. EEG- Electroencephalograph Brain waves are measured by electrodes attached to the scalp an amplified recording of the electrical activity of the brain

5. MRI Scan

6. PET Scan Positron Emission Tomography

7. PET Scan Images

11. Lobes of the Brain Speaking Muscle movements Making plans Judgments Registers spatial location Attention Motor control Hearing Language processing Memory Visual: color, shape, motion

12. Regions of the Cortex Cortex = “bark”

13. Left Hemisphere

14. Interior of The Brain

15. Reptilian Brain Heartbeat Respiration Arousal Brain Stem

16. Limbic System Hunger Thirst Emotions Sex Old Mammalian Brain Master Gland of the Endocrine system Relay station Involved in Memory Formation

17. Cerebrum New Mammalian Brain Higher Processes, Thinking, Reasoning

18. Gage was a railroad construction foreman An 1848 explosion forced a steel tamping rod through his head Others said he was “…no longer Gage…” Lost his job, worked as a sideshow exhibit The Case of Phineas Gage

20. Neurons the basic building block of the nervous system

21. Types of Neurons Sensory or Afferent Neurons Carries incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system Motor or Efferent Neurons Carries outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands Interneurons Connecting neurons

22. Neurons in a newborn’s brain are widely spaced, but form connections quickly.

23. Impoverished vs Enriched Environments

24. Parts of a Neuron

25. Neural Transmission

26. Neurotransmitters Dopamine : motor, emotions, intellectual functions Serotonin : sleep, moods Norephinephrine : memory, optimism, enthusiasm Endorphins : opiate-lke regulators, pain-killing effect

29. Neurotransmission Resting Potential more negative electrical charge -70 mill volts Action Potential Sodium (+) and potassium (-) ion balance reaches about - 50 mill volts Reuptake or Enzyme action Ending of neurotransmission SSRI’s, like Prozac interfere with reuptake

30. Neurotransmitters Released when action potential occurs Excitatory and Inhibitory functions - Inhibitory : Lowers the charge in the receiving neuron, inhibiting neurotransmission - Excitatory : Raises the charge in the receiving neuron to the threshold so it will fire Lock & Key Hypothesis Neurotransmitters and their receptor sites have accommodating chemical shapes

31. LEFT Controls the Right Side Of the Body RIGHT Controls the Left Side of The Body Non verbal Verbal Abilities

32. Connects the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum

33. A Visual-Spatial Task

34. Gender Differences In the Left Hemisphere In the Incidence Of Aphasias

35. Visual Pathways

36. Endocrine System