NERRS Oct 2013 Thoracic Radiology Case Answers
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Case 1 summarizes a 45-year-old woman presenting with chest pain and fever who has a history of lupus. Case 2 describes a 79-year-old Ukrainian man with a chronic cough and shortness of breath who worked in a textile factory. Case 3 involves a 79-year-old male with a chronic cough. Case 4 is about a young woman post bilateral lung transplant presenting with fever, cough, hypoxia and hypotension.
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Nerrs neuro 2013 answers
A 41-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of right ear blockage and pain was diagnosed with a sympathetic chain schwannoma after imaging showed a mass along the sympathetic chain in the neck. A 43-year-old man with seizures was found to have a dural arteriovenous fistula involving the left sigmoid and transverse sinuses. A 15-year-old boy evaluated for a neck mass was diagnosed with pyriform sinus fistulae after follow-up imaging showed an abnormal tract extending from the pyriform sinus into the neck.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted via airborne droplets when people with active TB cough, sneeze or spit. Primary tuberculosis occurs when someone is initially infected, usually resulting in a self-limited infection. Post-primary tuberculosis occurs after a latent period and is usually due to reinfection or reactivation of a latent infection. Diagnosis involves microbiological testing of sputum samples, chest imaging, and tuberculin skin testing or interferon-gamma release assays. Radiographic findings can help determine if a case is active or inactive.
Tubercular lymphadenitis management
1. Managing lymph node tuberculosis can be challenging as it has varied clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges.
2. It most commonly involves cervical lymph nodes but can affect nodes throughout the body.
3. Diagnosis may involve imaging like ultrasound, CT, or MRI to identify enlarged or cystic lymph nodes, as well as biopsy to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
4. Treatment often requires a multi-drug antibiotic regimen over a prolonged period.
Cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric age group
This document presents a case of a 1 year old boy with acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis. He presented with a painful swollen right neck mass. Imaging showed a submandibular abscess next to an enlarged lymph node. He was treated with incision and drainage of the abscess followed by a course of antibiotics. Culture of the drained pus grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient recovered well with resolution of symptoms after treatment.
Cervical lymphadenitis
This document discusses cervical lymph nodes and lymphadenitis. It covers causes of cervical lymphadenitis including infectious, neoplastic, and tuberculous etiologies. It describes acute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is discussed in depth, covering pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Levels of cervical lymph nodes and patterns of neck metastasis are also outlined.
Helminthic (Parasitic) Lung infections
This document discusses various helminthic infections that can affect the lungs. It describes the life cycles and pathogenesis of roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis), tapeworms (Echinococcus granulosus), filarial worms (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis), and flukes (Paragonimus spp.) that can infect the lungs. It details the clinical presentations of lung infections like Loeffler's syndrome, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and others. Treatment options for these infections involving antihelminthic drugs are also outlined.
Cold abscess
1) Cold abscesses are collections of pus that develop slowly without signs of inflammation and are usually caused by tuberculosis infection elsewhere in the body, commonly the lymph nodes or bones.
2) They form via a pathological process where the tuberculosis bacteria are phagocytosed by immune cells, forming granulomas with caseous necrosis that can break down and track along tissue planes, appearing as painless swellings distant from the original infection site.
3) Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, biopsy or aspiration of the abscess, and radiological imaging like ultrasound or CT scan may help locate the abscess. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs alongside drainage of palpable abscesses.
Putty kidney
- A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification seen on radiography in renal tuberculosis. It is characterized by homogeneous, ground-glass calcification over 1 cm in diameter, representing calcified caseous tissue.
- Renal tuberculosis can involve the renal parenchyma and collecting system, resulting in pyelonephritis-like appearances, pseudotumoral nodules, or end-stage changes with progressive hydronephrosis and dystrophic calcification.
- Imaging findings on plain radiography, IVU, ultrasound and CT vary according to the stage of disease, but typically include renal calcifications, papillary necrosis, multifocal strictures, hydronephrosis, and thin parenchy
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Nerrs neuro 2013 answers
A 41-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of right ear blockage and pain was diagnosed with a sympathetic chain schwannoma after imaging showed a mass along the sympathetic chain in the neck. A 43-year-old man with seizures was found to have a dural arteriovenous fistula involving the left sigmoid and transverse sinuses. A 15-year-old boy evaluated for a neck mass was diagnosed with pyriform sinus fistulae after follow-up imaging showed an abnormal tract extending from the pyriform sinus into the neck.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted via airborne droplets when people with active TB cough, sneeze or spit. Primary tuberculosis occurs when someone is initially infected, usually resulting in a self-limited infection. Post-primary tuberculosis occurs after a latent period and is usually due to reinfection or reactivation of a latent infection. Diagnosis involves microbiological testing of sputum samples, chest imaging, and tuberculin skin testing or interferon-gamma release assays. Radiographic findings can help determine if a case is active or inactive.
Tubercular lymphadenitis management
1. Managing lymph node tuberculosis can be challenging as it has varied clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges.
2. It most commonly involves cervical lymph nodes but can affect nodes throughout the body.
3. Diagnosis may involve imaging like ultrasound, CT, or MRI to identify enlarged or cystic lymph nodes, as well as biopsy to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
4. Treatment often requires a multi-drug antibiotic regimen over a prolonged period.
Cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric age group
This document presents a case of a 1 year old boy with acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis. He presented with a painful swollen right neck mass. Imaging showed a submandibular abscess next to an enlarged lymph node. He was treated with incision and drainage of the abscess followed by a course of antibiotics. Culture of the drained pus grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient recovered well with resolution of symptoms after treatment.
Cervical lymphadenitis
This document discusses cervical lymph nodes and lymphadenitis. It covers causes of cervical lymphadenitis including infectious, neoplastic, and tuberculous etiologies. It describes acute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is discussed in depth, covering pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Levels of cervical lymph nodes and patterns of neck metastasis are also outlined.
Helminthic (Parasitic) Lung infections
This document discusses various helminthic infections that can affect the lungs. It describes the life cycles and pathogenesis of roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis), tapeworms (Echinococcus granulosus), filarial worms (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis), and flukes (Paragonimus spp.) that can infect the lungs. It details the clinical presentations of lung infections like Loeffler's syndrome, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and others. Treatment options for these infections involving antihelminthic drugs are also outlined.
Cold abscess
1) Cold abscesses are collections of pus that develop slowly without signs of inflammation and are usually caused by tuberculosis infection elsewhere in the body, commonly the lymph nodes or bones.
2) They form via a pathological process where the tuberculosis bacteria are phagocytosed by immune cells, forming granulomas with caseous necrosis that can break down and track along tissue planes, appearing as painless swellings distant from the original infection site.
3) Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, biopsy or aspiration of the abscess, and radiological imaging like ultrasound or CT scan may help locate the abscess. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs alongside drainage of palpable abscesses.
Putty kidney
- A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification seen on radiography in renal tuberculosis. It is characterized by homogeneous, ground-glass calcification over 1 cm in diameter, representing calcified caseous tissue.
- Renal tuberculosis can involve the renal parenchyma and collecting system, resulting in pyelonephritis-like appearances, pseudotumoral nodules, or end-stage changes with progressive hydronephrosis and dystrophic calcification.
- Imaging findings on plain radiography, IVU, ultrasound and CT vary according to the stage of disease, but typically include renal calcifications, papillary necrosis, multifocal strictures, hydronephrosis, and thin parenchy
Cystic hygroma
Cystic hygroma (CH), also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a benign cystic lesion of the lymphatic system that most commonly affects the head and neck region in children. It presents as soft, painless masses of cysts and can cause complications if it impinges on surrounding structures. Treatment involves complete surgical excision when possible, though this is not always feasible due to the involvement of critical structures. Other options include sclerotherapy or watchful waiting for asymptomatic cases. CH is associated with genetic conditions like Down syndrome and its cause involves abnormalities in lymphatic development and connections.
Neck masses
General features & management of Common neck lumps are described in this presentation. which are important for Medical students and ENT doctors.
Topics discussed in this presentation are
Cystic hygroma
Hemangioma
Branchial cyst
Thyroglossal cyst
Lipoma
Sebaceous cyst
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Tuberculosis
Carotid body tumor
Preauricular Cyst/Sinus
Lymphoma
Carotid body tumors
Abstract
Carotid body tumors are rare, slow-growing, hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors. Although these tumors are benign neoplasm, they also have a tendency to malignant transformation. Complete surgical excision is the gold standard therapeutic modality for the treatment of carotid body tumors. Early surgical removal is recommended to prevent the development of larger and more advanced tumors, which are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. In this report, we presented three cases of carotid body tumor which were successfully treated with complete surgical excision, and reviewed the current literature. Furthermore, it was emphasized the necessity of early surgical management regardless of patient age and tumor size.
Approach to lymphadenitis pmm
Lymphadenitis is one of the common problem faced; at least once; during life time. Acute self limiting are mostly seen during childhood. As age progress, Chronic and Difficult to diagnose and treat category adds on. This presentation is targeting to make it simple to understand Lymph-adenitis - Granulomatous especially.
Empyema
Empyema is a collection of pus in the cavity between the lung and the membrane that surrounds it (pleural space). Caused by an infection that spreads from the lung and leads to an accumulation of pus in the pleural space, the infected fluid can build up to a quantity of a pint or more, which puts pressure on the lungs, causing shortness of breath and pain. Risk factors include recent lung conditions like bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, thoracic surgery, trauma or injury to the chest.
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Pott's spine as a whole.
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-Pathology
-Pathogenesis
-Clinical features
-Diagnosis
-Complications
-Treatment
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This document contains 20 quiz cases related to neuroimaging. Each case provides the radiological sign, associated condition, and brief description. The cases cover a wide range of neurologic conditions seen on CT and MRI, including infections, demyelinating diseases, vascular abnormalities, tumors and developmental anomalies. Key information about the featured conditions is also summarized.
Alveolar hydatid disease
This document discusses alveolar hydatid disease, which is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm. It infects the liver and lungs primarily, causing cysts to develop. Clinical manifestations can include cough, chest pain, fever and dyspnea from intact cysts or expectoration, hemoptysis and anaphylactic shock from ruptured cysts. Diagnosis is difficult and it can be mistaken for lung cancer. Imaging findings on CT and MRI can help identify the cysts and complications like bronchobiliary fistulas.
Flashpath - Lung - Bronchogenic cysts
Bronchogenic cysts are congenital anomalies that result from abnormal budding of the primitive foregut during lung development. They are cysts located in the mediastinum that contain clear fluid or mucus and are lined by respiratory epithelium. Bronchogenic cysts are usually asymptomatic but can cause infection, compression of nearby structures, or recurrent infection. Microscopically, they resemble bronchial walls with respiratory epithelium, smooth muscle, cartilage, and submucosal glands. Differential diagnosis includes other mediastinal cysts and cystic lung diseases based on histological features and location.
Cystic Disorders of Neck
This document discusses four different neck cysts and their characteristics:
- Branchial cysts are remnants of the second branchial cleft and present as fluid-filled cysts in the upper neck. Branchial fistulas are persistent branchial clefts that can have external and internal openings.
- Cystic hygromas are lymph-filled cysts most commonly seen in the neck and involve the parotid and submandibular regions. They may be bilateral and increase in size with crying or coughing.
- Thyroglossal cysts arise from remnants of the thyroglossal duct during thyroid descent. They are usually midline and move with swallowing. Sistrunk
Unusual presentation of psoas abscess _a case
A 37-year-old male painter presented with a painful lump in his left flank for two months with fever and general weakness. Examination found a tender lump in his left renal area without hip flexion deformity. Tests showed elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein. Ultrasound found a thick-walled mass in the left renal area not connected to the kidney. CT scan later revealed a bulky left psoas muscle with an abscess extending into the abdominal wall and paraspinal region, displacing the left bowels medially. Surgical drainage was performed and antibiotics started. Microbiology later found the abscess was tuberculosis, so antitubercular treatment was added.
Frs chest
This document summarizes 10 radiology cases:
1. A 75-year-old female with cough and fever was found to have encysted pleural fluid resulting in a pulmonary pseudotumor.
2. A 26-year-old male who fell from height showed signs of bilateral pneumothoraces, pulmonary contusions, and small amount of gas in the posterior mediastinum.
3. A 12-year-old female presented with bilateral forearm deformity was diagnosed with Madelung deformity based on radiographic findings of short radius bones.
4. A 89-year-old male with chronic cough was found to have a large retrosternal goiter extending into
Non infectious lung diseases
1) Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis are common AIDS-associated malignancies and conditions that can be seen radiographically.
2) Chest x-rays and CT scans of patients with these conditions often show bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, ground glass opacities, and lymphadenopathy.
3) Specific findings include peribronchovascular thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and poorly defined small nodules in Kaposi's sarcoma and reticulonodular infiltrates without pleural effusions in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis.
Psoas abscess
1. Psoas abscess is a collection of pus within the psoas muscle compartment. It can be primary, from hematogenous spread in immunocompromised patients, or secondary from adjacent organ infections like the spine, kidneys, or GI tract.
2. Clinical features include abdominal or flank pain, fever, and a limp. Examination may reveal pain with hip extension or leg lifting. Imaging like CT or MRI can confirm the hypodense lesion.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics based on culture results as well as surgical drainage of the abscess through approaches like the lateral loin or anterior incision.
FlashPath - Lung - Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
This document summarizes congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. CPAM is a rare lung anomaly occurring in around 1 in 25,000 births. It can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and presents as respiratory distress in infants. There are five pathological subtypes of CPAM, with type 1 being most common. Surgical correction is usually successful, except for type 0 which has a poor prognosis. CPAM lesions appear as cystic structures on gross examination and microscopically have epithelial linings and fibrovascular stroma, with variations between subtypes. It must be differentiated from other cystic lung diseases.
Pediatric chest infection imaging considerations
This document discusses 4 cases of pediatric chest infections that did not resolve.
Case 1 involved bronchiectasis and pancreatic fatty infiltration, indicating chronic infection such as cystic fibrosis.
Case 2 showed severe empyema necessitans causing pneumatoceles, narrowing the possible infectious organisms.
Case 3 was diagnosed as congenital pulmonary sequestration based on its blood supply from the aorta and mass-like appearance.
Case 4 showed bilateral, mainly interstitial involvement with uninflated alveoli and cystic changes, suggesting interstitial lung diseases like pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Lung biopsy was recommended.
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph node enlargement
OTORHINOLARNGOLOGY
EAR, NOSE and THROAT TOPIC
Flashpath - lung - pulmonary sequestration
This document summarizes pulmonary sequestration, a congenital malformation where a nonfunctional lung lobe receives its blood supply from the systemic circulation rather than the pulmonary arteries. It can be either extra-lobar, located outside the lung, or intra-lobar, located within the lung. Intra-lobar sequestration is more common and often presents later in life, showing chronic inflammation and fibrosis from recurrent infections. Extra-lobar sequestration typically presents earlier and shows less inflammation since infections have less time to develop. Microscopically, intra-lobar sequestration displays marked chronic inflammation and fibrosis with cyst formation, while extra-lobar sequestration does not usually have
Congenital cystic diseases of the lung
This document discusses several congenital cystic lung diseases that can cause respiratory distress in infants:
1) Pulmonary sequestration is a segment of lung with its own blood supply not connected to the tracheobronchial tree.
2) Bronchogenic cysts originate from lung bud abnormalities and are usually located near the mainstem bronchus or carina.
3) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is caused by arrested alveolar development, presenting as cystic lung lesions.
4) Congenital lobar emphysema is due to deficient bronchus cartilage leading to lobar overinflation. Surgical resection is often needed to treat respiratory symptoms from these congen
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung.[5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production.[3] Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain.[2] Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur.[2] Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections.[8]
Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infectious and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, as well as the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis.[11][3][12] Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases.[13] The cause in 10–50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown.[3] The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response.[3] Involved airways (bronchi) become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions.[3] These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs, resulting in airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways.[3] It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.[14] The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed using computed tomography.[7] Cultures of the mucus produced may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening and at least once a year
NERRS MSK 2012 answers
A 36-year-old man presented with right hip pain. An MRI showed findings consistent with calcific tendinitis in the resorptive phase. This can mimic infection or tumor, but radiographs are helpful to identify faint calcifications. A 40-year-old man presented with back pain and bloating. An MRI identified an osteochondroma originating from the metaphysis with contiguous marrow and cortex, pointing away from the joint. A 58-year-old woman developed difficulty walking, hypercalcemia, and later hand pain. MRI showed findings consistent with sarcoidosis involving multiple sites including muscle, bone and joints.
Nerrs Neuro II 2013 unknown
This document contains brief descriptions of four medical cases without diagnoses. The cases include a 41-year-old woman with a 5-year history of ear blockage and pain, a 43-year-old man experiencing seizures, a 15-year-old boy with a neck mass who received follow-up ultrasounds and CT scans, and a 46-year-old man with acute vertigo. Diagnoses are not provided for any of the medical cases described.
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Cystic hygroma
Cystic hygroma (CH), also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a benign cystic lesion of the lymphatic system that most commonly affects the head and neck region in children. It presents as soft, painless masses of cysts and can cause complications if it impinges on surrounding structures. Treatment involves complete surgical excision when possible, though this is not always feasible due to the involvement of critical structures. Other options include sclerotherapy or watchful waiting for asymptomatic cases. CH is associated with genetic conditions like Down syndrome and its cause involves abnormalities in lymphatic development and connections.
Neck masses
General features & management of Common neck lumps are described in this presentation. which are important for Medical students and ENT doctors.
Topics discussed in this presentation are
Cystic hygroma
Hemangioma
Branchial cyst
Thyroglossal cyst
Lipoma
Sebaceous cyst
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Tuberculosis
Carotid body tumor
Preauricular Cyst/Sinus
Lymphoma
Carotid body tumors
Abstract
Carotid body tumors are rare, slow-growing, hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors. Although these tumors are benign neoplasm, they also have a tendency to malignant transformation. Complete surgical excision is the gold standard therapeutic modality for the treatment of carotid body tumors. Early surgical removal is recommended to prevent the development of larger and more advanced tumors, which are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. In this report, we presented three cases of carotid body tumor which were successfully treated with complete surgical excision, and reviewed the current literature. Furthermore, it was emphasized the necessity of early surgical management regardless of patient age and tumor size.
Approach to lymphadenitis pmm
Lymphadenitis is one of the common problem faced; at least once; during life time. Acute self limiting are mostly seen during childhood. As age progress, Chronic and Difficult to diagnose and treat category adds on. This presentation is targeting to make it simple to understand Lymph-adenitis - Granulomatous especially.
Empyema
Empyema is a collection of pus in the cavity between the lung and the membrane that surrounds it (pleural space). Caused by an infection that spreads from the lung and leads to an accumulation of pus in the pleural space, the infected fluid can build up to a quantity of a pint or more, which puts pressure on the lungs, causing shortness of breath and pain. Risk factors include recent lung conditions like bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, thoracic surgery, trauma or injury to the chest.
Pott's disease ppt
Pott's spine as a whole.
Includes:
-Prevalence in India
-Pathology
-Pathogenesis
-Clinical features
-Diagnosis
-Complications
-Treatment
Neurospot
This document contains 20 quiz cases related to neuroimaging. Each case provides the radiological sign, associated condition, and brief description. The cases cover a wide range of neurologic conditions seen on CT and MRI, including infections, demyelinating diseases, vascular abnormalities, tumors and developmental anomalies. Key information about the featured conditions is also summarized.
Alveolar hydatid disease
This document discusses alveolar hydatid disease, which is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm. It infects the liver and lungs primarily, causing cysts to develop. Clinical manifestations can include cough, chest pain, fever and dyspnea from intact cysts or expectoration, hemoptysis and anaphylactic shock from ruptured cysts. Diagnosis is difficult and it can be mistaken for lung cancer. Imaging findings on CT and MRI can help identify the cysts and complications like bronchobiliary fistulas.
Flashpath - Lung - Bronchogenic cysts
Bronchogenic cysts are congenital anomalies that result from abnormal budding of the primitive foregut during lung development. They are cysts located in the mediastinum that contain clear fluid or mucus and are lined by respiratory epithelium. Bronchogenic cysts are usually asymptomatic but can cause infection, compression of nearby structures, or recurrent infection. Microscopically, they resemble bronchial walls with respiratory epithelium, smooth muscle, cartilage, and submucosal glands. Differential diagnosis includes other mediastinal cysts and cystic lung diseases based on histological features and location.
Cystic Disorders of Neck
This document discusses four different neck cysts and their characteristics:
- Branchial cysts are remnants of the second branchial cleft and present as fluid-filled cysts in the upper neck. Branchial fistulas are persistent branchial clefts that can have external and internal openings.
- Cystic hygromas are lymph-filled cysts most commonly seen in the neck and involve the parotid and submandibular regions. They may be bilateral and increase in size with crying or coughing.
- Thyroglossal cysts arise from remnants of the thyroglossal duct during thyroid descent. They are usually midline and move with swallowing. Sistrunk
Unusual presentation of psoas abscess _a case
A 37-year-old male painter presented with a painful lump in his left flank for two months with fever and general weakness. Examination found a tender lump in his left renal area without hip flexion deformity. Tests showed elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein. Ultrasound found a thick-walled mass in the left renal area not connected to the kidney. CT scan later revealed a bulky left psoas muscle with an abscess extending into the abdominal wall and paraspinal region, displacing the left bowels medially. Surgical drainage was performed and antibiotics started. Microbiology later found the abscess was tuberculosis, so antitubercular treatment was added.
Frs chest
This document summarizes 10 radiology cases:
1. A 75-year-old female with cough and fever was found to have encysted pleural fluid resulting in a pulmonary pseudotumor.
2. A 26-year-old male who fell from height showed signs of bilateral pneumothoraces, pulmonary contusions, and small amount of gas in the posterior mediastinum.
3. A 12-year-old female presented with bilateral forearm deformity was diagnosed with Madelung deformity based on radiographic findings of short radius bones.
4. A 89-year-old male with chronic cough was found to have a large retrosternal goiter extending into
Non infectious lung diseases
1) Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis are common AIDS-associated malignancies and conditions that can be seen radiographically.
2) Chest x-rays and CT scans of patients with these conditions often show bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, ground glass opacities, and lymphadenopathy.
3) Specific findings include peribronchovascular thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and poorly defined small nodules in Kaposi's sarcoma and reticulonodular infiltrates without pleural effusions in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis.
Psoas abscess
1. Psoas abscess is a collection of pus within the psoas muscle compartment. It can be primary, from hematogenous spread in immunocompromised patients, or secondary from adjacent organ infections like the spine, kidneys, or GI tract.
2. Clinical features include abdominal or flank pain, fever, and a limp. Examination may reveal pain with hip extension or leg lifting. Imaging like CT or MRI can confirm the hypodense lesion.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics based on culture results as well as surgical drainage of the abscess through approaches like the lateral loin or anterior incision.
FlashPath - Lung - Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
This document summarizes congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. CPAM is a rare lung anomaly occurring in around 1 in 25,000 births. It can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and presents as respiratory distress in infants. There are five pathological subtypes of CPAM, with type 1 being most common. Surgical correction is usually successful, except for type 0 which has a poor prognosis. CPAM lesions appear as cystic structures on gross examination and microscopically have epithelial linings and fibrovascular stroma, with variations between subtypes. It must be differentiated from other cystic lung diseases.
Pediatric chest infection imaging considerations
This document discusses 4 cases of pediatric chest infections that did not resolve.
Case 1 involved bronchiectasis and pancreatic fatty infiltration, indicating chronic infection such as cystic fibrosis.
Case 2 showed severe empyema necessitans causing pneumatoceles, narrowing the possible infectious organisms.
Case 3 was diagnosed as congenital pulmonary sequestration based on its blood supply from the aorta and mass-like appearance.
Case 4 showed bilateral, mainly interstitial involvement with uninflated alveoli and cystic changes, suggesting interstitial lung diseases like pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Lung biopsy was recommended.
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph node enlargement
OTORHINOLARNGOLOGY
EAR, NOSE and THROAT TOPIC
Flashpath - lung - pulmonary sequestration
This document summarizes pulmonary sequestration, a congenital malformation where a nonfunctional lung lobe receives its blood supply from the systemic circulation rather than the pulmonary arteries. It can be either extra-lobar, located outside the lung, or intra-lobar, located within the lung. Intra-lobar sequestration is more common and often presents later in life, showing chronic inflammation and fibrosis from recurrent infections. Extra-lobar sequestration typically presents earlier and shows less inflammation since infections have less time to develop. Microscopically, intra-lobar sequestration displays marked chronic inflammation and fibrosis with cyst formation, while extra-lobar sequestration does not usually have
Congenital cystic diseases of the lung
This document discusses several congenital cystic lung diseases that can cause respiratory distress in infants:
1) Pulmonary sequestration is a segment of lung with its own blood supply not connected to the tracheobronchial tree.
2) Bronchogenic cysts originate from lung bud abnormalities and are usually located near the mainstem bronchus or carina.
3) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is caused by arrested alveolar development, presenting as cystic lung lesions.
4) Congenital lobar emphysema is due to deficient bronchus cartilage leading to lobar overinflation. Surgical resection is often needed to treat respiratory symptoms from these congen
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung.[5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production.[3] Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain.[2] Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur.[2] Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections.[8]
Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infectious and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, as well as the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis.[11][3][12] Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases.[13] The cause in 10–50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown.[3] The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response.[3] Involved airways (bronchi) become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions.[3] These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs, resulting in airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways.[3] It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.[14] The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed using computed tomography.[7] Cultures of the mucus produced may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening and at least once a year
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FlashPath - Lung - Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
FlashPath - Lung - Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
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NERRS MSK 2012 answers
A 36-year-old man presented with right hip pain. An MRI showed findings consistent with calcific tendinitis in the resorptive phase. This can mimic infection or tumor, but radiographs are helpful to identify faint calcifications. A 40-year-old man presented with back pain and bloating. An MRI identified an osteochondroma originating from the metaphysis with contiguous marrow and cortex, pointing away from the joint. A 58-year-old woman developed difficulty walking, hypercalcemia, and later hand pain. MRI showed findings consistent with sarcoidosis involving multiple sites including muscle, bone and joints.
Nerrs Neuro II 2013 unknown
This document contains brief descriptions of four medical cases without diagnoses. The cases include a 41-year-old woman with a 5-year history of ear blockage and pain, a 43-year-old man experiencing seizures, a 15-year-old boy with a neck mass who received follow-up ultrasounds and CT scans, and a 46-year-old man with acute vertigo. Diagnoses are not provided for any of the medical cases described.
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NERRS Abdominal Radiology Unknowns Sep 2012
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Nerrs gu film panel.feb 2013
A 55-year-old woman presented with worsening hypertension, weight gain, generalized edema, and facial swelling. She had a 20-year-old patient who experienced heavy vaginal bleeding without pain or cramping for two weeks following a therapeutic abortion six weeks prior. The document appears to be notes from a film panel presentation discussing cases of female patients with abdominal issues.
2014-15 NERRS Abdominal Radiology Case Unknowns
This medical document discusses four patients with liver issues. A 59-year-old male has elevated liver enzymes. A 48-year-old female has right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. A 45-year-old male has abdominal pain and a prior bowel resection. A 60-year-old male with hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and a new hepatic lesion on ultrasound of the right lobe is scheduled for additional imaging tests.
The iuoir at cirse2013 barcelona2
The IUOIR thanks all visitors and doctors who supported their charity work at the CIRSE 2013 conference in Barcelona. They also thank Bayer for supporting their work. The IUOIR plans to provide a radiofrequency ablation machine to some countries as their next project. The IUOIR aims to transfer interventional radiology experience worldwide and help people in many countries through visiting countries like Vietnam, Egypt, Algeria, Haiti and Africa to perform procedures. Their dream is to offer radiofrequency ablation and angiography machines to countries in need.
NERRS Chest unknowns 2012
A 35-year-old male presented with pre-syncope. A 51-year-old female presented in respiratory distress and was found to have a CTPE. A 65-year-old female had been coughing up rocks. A 34-year-old woman presented with cough, sore throat, and low-grade fever. A 50-year-old female presented to the ER with hemoptysis and a history of COPD, sinusitis, and cough. The document discusses various patient histories and clinical presentations.
NERRS Abd Rad Answers 2012
A 45-year-old man presented with chronic low grade fevers and right upper quadrant pain. He was diagnosed with hepatic fascioliasis, a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes. Imaging showed non-specific hypoechoic lesions on ultrasound and hypodense nodular areas or tunnel-like structures with capsular enhancement on CT and MRI. Serologic testing or finding eggs in stool is required to confirm the diagnosis.
NERRS April 2014 MSK Radiology Case Unknowns
Case 1 - A 40-year-old woman with a history of lymphoma in remission presents with left hip pain. Imaging shows abnormalities at the left anterior iliac crest. A companion case involves a 43-year-old woman with pain at the right anterior iliac crest.
Case 2 - A 27-year-old runner developed weakness and edema over 4 months. Labs show peripheral eosinophilia. MRI shows abnormalities of the thighs.
Case 3 - A 32-year-old man noted a firm right shoulder mass. Imaging shows a scapular mass and a companion case of a more common presentation of the same entity in the thumb.
Case 4 - An 84-year-old man
EBIR
EBIR is open to both European and non-European radiologists who wish to become certified in interventional radiology. The European Board of Interventional Radiology (EBIR) provides certification for radiologists practicing interventional procedures. A video on the EBIR is available for those interested in learning more about certification options.
2012 NERRS MSK unknowns
The document describes several patients presenting with musculoskeletal pain and symptoms who underwent MRI imaging to evaluate their conditions. It lists each patient's age, symptoms, and the MRI sequences performed, including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, STIR, post-contrast T1 fat saturated images in some cases. The patients presented with issues like hip pain, back pain, difficulty walking, hand pain, and ankle swelling.
Nerrs 2013 gu no answers
The document appears to be a presentation agenda for a film panel at the New England Roentgen Ray Society on February 8, 2013. The presenter is listed as Cheryl A. Sadow, MD from Brigham and Women's Hospital. The presentation includes case studies of a 55-year-old woman with hypertension and edema, a 7-week-old infant with abdominal distension and hypercalcemia, and a 20-year-old woman with heavy vaginal bleeding after an abortion. Various MRI and CT images are listed for discussion.
Congress vietnam April 2015
This document provides the draft program for the International Course of Interventional Radiology (ICIR) being held on April 24-25, 2015 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The two-day course will cover a variety of interventional radiology topics through lectures and live case demonstrations. Day 1 focuses on neurovascular, peripheral vascular, and obstetrics/gynecology interventions. Day 2 covers abdominal/biliary interventions and IR procedures for pain management. Speakers will discuss the latest techniques and outcomes from Vietnam and France. The goal is to share knowledge and advance interventional radiology practices between Vietnamese and international physicians.
NERRS Women's Imaging 2013
This document contains a series of case presentations from an imaging conference on women's health issues. Each case includes a brief patient history and imaging findings. Conference participants are asked to identify findings, provide differential diagnoses, and make recommendations. The cases cover a range of topics including breast imaging, obstetric ultrasound, gynecologic imaging, and oncologic imaging.
Renal denervation
The IUOIR is offering a renal denervation workshop and scientific visit to France. Their renal denervation IR team consists of two professors from the USA and France who can provide hands-on training at a local hospital. The team also offers a scientific visit to France.
Iuoir in vietnam2
The document discusses a visit by the IUOIR to Vietnam in July 2013 led by Prof. A. Weill from Canada. The group traveled to Vietnam during this time period but no other details are provided about the purpose or itinerary of the visit. The summary is limited due to the brevity of the original document which provides only the month and year of travel and the leader's name and country but no other contextual information.
NERRS MSK Unknown Cases Oct 2014
A 52-year-old man underwent a CT FDG PET fused PET/CT scan for a palpable lump. A 40-year-old woman with back pain received MRI scans including STIR, T1, and contrast images. Another patient, a 75-year-old woman with osteoporosis, also received imaging.
NERRS Sep 2013 Neuroradiology Case Answers
A 37-year-old man presented with right-sided numbness and headaches. Brain imaging showed hyperdense lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes. MRI revealed well-defined hyperintense lesions on FLAIR and T2-weighted imaging that enhanced homogenously on post-gadolinium images. Spectroscopy showed an elevated choline peak. The findings were most consistent with a diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma.
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This document presents several unknown medical cases involving imaging findings. It discusses cases of a 40-year-old woman with back pain and possible sarcoidosis, a 52-year-old man with a palpable lump evaluated with CT and PET/CT showing a rare hibernoma tumor, and a 75-year-old woman with osteoporosis and an atypical femoral fracture potentially related to long-term bisphosphonate use. It also briefly summarizes a case of serous atrophy in a 20-year-old woman with ankle pain.
NERRS Jan 2014 Pediatric Radiology Case Answers
1) This document contains information about 4 pediatric radiology cases presented by Dr. Kirsten Ecklund from Boston Children's Hospital.
2) The first case discusses a 7-year-old boy with fatigue and knee pain who is diagnosed with scurvy, a vitamin C deficiency.
3) The second case involves a 15-year-old boy with cough and weight loss found to have metastatic renal medullary carcinoma to the lungs.
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5) The fourth case discusses an 11-year-old boy
NERRS Jan 2014 Pediatric Radiology Case Unknowns
This document discusses 4 unknown pediatric radiology cases presented by Dr. Kirsten Ecklund from Boston Children's Hospital. Case 1 involves a 7 year old boy with fatigue, knee pain and swelling. Case 2 is a 15 year old African American male with cough, shortness of breath and 10 pound weight loss. Case 3 is an 8 year old boy with abdominal pain, distention and vomiting. Case 4 is an 11 year old boy with 6 months of bilateral knee pain greater on the right side.
NERRS Nov 2013 Abdominal Radiology Case Answers
This document provides biographies for four radiologists, including their names, titles, academic affiliations, areas of specialty, and brief descriptions of patients. Kevin J. Chang is an assistant professor and director of CT colonography at Brown University and Winthrop University Hospital. He sees a 52-year-old female with an incidental finding on MRI. The next radiologist is unnamed and is an assistant professor at Yale University School of Medicine who sees a 38-year-old male with abdominal pain. The third is unnamed and is an associate professor at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center who sees a 58-year-old male with recurrent abdominal pain. The fourth case involves a group discussing a 22-year-old female
NERRS Nov 2013 Abdominal Radiology Case Unknowns
Kevin J. Chang is a radiologist who holds multiple academic positions, including Assistant Professor at Brown University, Director of CT Colonography at Rhode Island Hospital, Vice Chairman for Clinical Research and Education and Director of Body CT at Winthrop University Hospital, and Associate Professor at SUNY Stony Brook. The document also lists Dr. Chang's involvement with four patient cases of various ages presenting with abdominal or pelvic issues.
NERRS Oct 2013 Thoracic Radiology Case Unknowns
Case 1 describes a 45-year-old woman presenting with chest pain and fever who has a history of lupus. Case 2 involves a 79-year-old Ukrainian man who worked in a textile factory and presents with chronic cough, shortness of breath, and new fever. Case 3 is about a 79-year-old male with chronic cough. Case 4 is a young woman who received bilateral lung transplants and is now presenting with fever, cough, hypoxia, tachycardia, and hypotension.
NERRS Sep 2013 Neuroradiology Case Unknowns
1) The document discusses the case of a 37-year-old man who presented with right-sided numbness and twitching as well as headaches. Brain imaging showed hyperdense lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes.
2) MR spectroscopy was performed which showed decreased NAA and increased choline levels in the lesions, concerning for a neoplasm.
3) Differential considerations included glioblastoma, metastasis, lymphoma, and tumefactive multiple sclerosis.
NERRS WI answers 2013
This document contains a panel of unknown cases presented by Dr. Tejas Mehta at NERRS: Women's Imaging on April 5, 2013. The first case involves a 61-year-old woman with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer who presented for routine screening mammography. The second case discusses the imaging and biopsy findings of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral lymph node calcifications found on screening mammography. The third case presents a 65-year-old woman with a left breast mass and nipple change, whose mammogram and ultrasound revealed a grade 2 invasive lobular carcinoma.
NERRS CHEST answers 2012
This document discusses several unknown thoracic imaging cases presented by different physicians. It describes the patient histories and imaging findings of each case. The cases include a 51-year-old female with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a 71-year-old female who developed a tracheo-mediastinal fistula from previous tuberculosis, a 34-year-old woman with generalized cystic lymphangiomatosis, a 50-year-old female with diffuse panbronchiolitis, and a 35-year-old male found to have a rib osteochondroma on CT scan. Differential diagnoses and treatment options are discussed for each unknown case.
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NERRS Oct 2013 Thoracic Radiology Case Answers
- 1. Case 1- Dr Klein • 45 yr woman • Presents : Chest pain, fever • PH: Lupus
- 7. Primary Pulmonary lymphoma Non Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma • Primary pulmonary lymphoma develops as a single tumor mass greater than 1 cm with or without cavitations or bronchograms • Increased risk of lymphoma with Lupus • Increased risk of lymphoma with Cellcept
- 9. Case 2- Dr Kanne • 79 yr old Ukrainian worked in textile factory • Chronic cough, SOBOE • Never smoker • New Fever
- 15. Differential Diagnosis- Miliary nodules • Granulomas- Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, • Disseminiated Fungal disease • Metastases • Occupational lung diseases- Silicosis
- 16. SILICOSIS Imaging findings • • • • • • Multiple small rounded opacities 1-10 mm in size Usually in upper lobes May occasionally calcify centrally (20%) Lymph node enlargement common Eggshell calcification of hilar nodes (5%) Cavitation may be a complication, with ischemic necrosis or concomitant tuberculous infection • Complicated Silicosis: Progressive massive fibrosis
- 17. Silicosis and Tuberculosis (Silicotuberculosis) • Individuals exposed to Silica: Much higher incidence of TB • Growth and spread of TB bacillus is increased in silicosis • TB bacillus multiplies faster and released earlier from host cells • Risk of TB in individuals with silicosis persists for life. • TB treatment for life
- 19. Case 3- Dr Yoo • 79yr male • Chronic cough
- 20. JAN 2012
- 24. JAN 2012 JAN2013
- 25. Diffuse Adenocarcinoma • Zenker’s diverticulum • History of aspiration • Chronic cough • Adenocarcinoma a mimic of pneumonia • Diagnosis requires clinical discussion
- 27. Case 4 –Dr Ghoshadira • • • • • • Young woman post Bilateral lung Transplant Fever Cough Hypoxia, Tachycardia, hypotension, Admitted to MICU
- 29. VIBE post GAD
- 30. T1 DIR T1 DIR FS T2 DIR SSFP MDE MDE-PSIR
- 31. Left atrial mass Solitary, intracavitary, atrial mass - Size of mass - Origin of mass - Lesion shape - Lesion mobility - Occurrence of prolapse -MRI signal intensity
- 32. Aspergilloma • Fungus ball: A tumor like granulomatous mass formed by colonization of a fungus in a body cavity. • In TX patients, airway colonization is a common occurrence in such patients because of the exposure of the transplanted lung to the environment and impaired local host defenses, including mucociliary clearance. • Hematogenous dissemination
- 34. Left Atrial Myxoma Mass that arises from the interatrial septum from a narrow base of attachment • Myxomas tend to have markedly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images. • Areas of decreased signal intensity due to the presence of calcification or to magnetic susceptibility artifacts caused by hemosiderin • Contrast material enhancement is usually heterogeneous, which also likely reflects the presence of necrotic areas within the tumor but intense enhancement may be seen
- 35. Myxoma and Thrombus • Heterogeneous appearance and can demonstrate variable signal intensity on spinecho images and low signal intensity on GRE images. • Gadolinium enhancement may be useful in differentiating thrombus from myxoma, as the thrombus will not enhance