Needlestick and sharps injuries pose a risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. Most injuries occur after use of sharps before disposal, often in inpatient units. Recapping needles, leaving sharps unattended, unexpected client movement, and improper sharps handling and disposal are common causes. If exposed, washing the wound and promptly reporting to employee health is important. Preventing injuries involves safe sharps passing, proper disposal in puncture-proof containers, vaccination, and awareness of risks through training. Thorough reporting and investigation of incidents aims to improve safety.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
Needlestick Injuries: A guide for safe needle handlingMarketLab Inc.
Needlestick injuries are a serious occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Offset your risk by following procedure guidelines and using needle safety devices.
Injection safety According to CDC guidelineDerar ALJarrah
Preventing Unsafe Injection Practices
Safe Injection Practices are a set of recommendations within Standard Precautions, which are the foundation for preventing transmission of infections during patient care in all healthcare settings including hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory care, home care and hospice.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
Needlestick Injuries: A guide for safe needle handlingMarketLab Inc.
Needlestick injuries are a serious occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Offset your risk by following procedure guidelines and using needle safety devices.
Injection safety According to CDC guidelineDerar ALJarrah
Preventing Unsafe Injection Practices
Safe Injection Practices are a set of recommendations within Standard Precautions, which are the foundation for preventing transmission of infections during patient care in all healthcare settings including hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory care, home care and hospice.
Infection is caused by pathogens ('bugs') such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi getting into or onto the body.
It can take some time before the microbes multiply enough to trigger symptoms of illness, which means an infected person may unwittingly be spreading the disease during this incubation period.
Infection control in the workplace aims to prevent pathogens from coming into contact with a person in the first place.
Employers are obliged under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (2004) to provide a safe workplace for their employees, including the provision of adequate infection control procedures and the right equipment and training.
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp Injuries Prevention
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Blood spillage may occur because a laboratory sample breaks in the phlebotomy area or during transportation, or because there is excessive bleeding during
Infection is caused by pathogens ('bugs') such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi getting into or onto the body.
It can take some time before the microbes multiply enough to trigger symptoms of illness, which means an infected person may unwittingly be spreading the disease during this incubation period.
Infection control in the workplace aims to prevent pathogens from coming into contact with a person in the first place.
Employers are obliged under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (2004) to provide a safe workplace for their employees, including the provision of adequate infection control procedures and the right equipment and training.
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp Injuries Prevention
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Blood spillage may occur because a laboratory sample breaks in the phlebotomy area or during transportation, or because there is excessive bleeding during
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Needlestick injury
1.
2. What is needlestick injury?
A wound caused by
accidental penetration of the
skin by a needle. Needlestick
injuries can cause
transmission of bloodborne
pathogens.
3. Epidemiology of Needlesticks
and Other Sharps-related Injuries
Data on needlesticks and other sharps-
related injuries are used to characterize
the who, where, what, when, and
how of such events.
Surveillance data from the National
Surveillance System for Health Care
Workers (NaSH) are used to provide a
general description of the epidemiology
of percutaneous injuries.
4. Staff:
Sharps pose a serious danger to health care
staff. Providers are at risk when handling,
passing, or using sharps during service
delivery.
Maintenance and waste-disposal staff are at
risk when sharps are not properly disposed
of or when waste containing sharps is
mishandled. Sharps can cause injury and
transmission of serious infections, including
HIV, hepatitis B & Hepatitis C.
Who is at risk?
5. Clients: Clients can be placed at risk if
improperly discarded sharps are found in
unexpected places, like linens.
Community: Improper disposal of sharps
poses a great threat to members of the
community. Sharps that are discarded
where they may be found by scavengers,
children, and others may cause serious
injury and infection. Everyone in the local
community is at risk of the spread of
infection when scavenged syringes and
needles are reused and improperly
disposed.
6. Where, When and How Do Injuries Occur?
Where? NaSH data show that the majority
(40%) of injuries occur on inpatient units,
particularly medical floors and intensive care
units, and in operating rooms.
When? Injuries most often occur after use and
before disposal of a sharp device (41%)
7. How?
Sharp items are found in areas where they are
unexpected, such as on surgical drapes or
bed linen
When handling or disposing of waste that
contains used hypodermic needles or other
sharps.
·When sudden movement by the client at the
time of injection causes a provider to be
accidentally stuck
8. During use of a sharp device on a patient
(39%), and during or after disposal (16%)
· While recapping hypodermic needles after
use.
· Manipulating used sharps (bending, breaking,
or cutting hypodermic needles), which can
cause the blood inside to splatter or cause
staff to accidentally injure themselves
· When one staff member accidentally sticks
another staff member when carrying
unprotected sharps
9. Your risk of infection following
a needlestick injury varies
depending on the virus being
transmitted.
e.g., the risk of infection after
exposure to hepatitis B is about
20% to 30%, while the risk is 3%
to 10% after exposure to hepatitis
C and about 0.4% after exposure
to HIV.
10.
11.
12. How can you prevent
injuries from sharps?
Handle hypodermic needles and other
sharps minimally after use and use
extreme care whenever sharps are
handled or passed.
· Use the "hands-free" technique when
passing sharps during clinical
procedures.
13. Do not bend, break, or cut hypodermic
needles before disposal.
· Do not recap needles.
· Dispose of hypodermic needles and other
sharps properly.
14. Many accidental needlesticks occur when
staff are recapping needles. Recapping is a
dangerous practice: If at all possible, dispose
of needles immediately without recapping
them.
If it does become necessary for you to recap
a needle (for example, to avoid carrying an
unprotected sharp when immediate disposal
is not possible), do not bend or break the
needle and do not remove a hypodermic
needle from the syringe by hand.
Recapping: The "one-hand" technique
15. To safely recap needles, use the "one-
hand" technique:
Step 1
Place the cap on a flat surface, then
remove your hand from the cap.
Step 2
With one hand, hold the syringe and use
the needle to "scoop up" the cap.
Step 3
When the cap covers the needle
completely, use the other hand to secure
the cap on the needle hub. Be careful to
handle the cap at the bottom only (near
the hub).
16. During a clinical procedure, health care
workers can accidentally stick one another or
their clients when passing sharps, especially
when there is sudden motion by staff
members carrying unprotected sharps, when
clients move suddenly during injections, or
when sharps are left lying in areas where they
are unexpected (such as on surgical drapes).
Handling Sharps
17. Safe passing of sharp instruments
Uncapped or otherwise unprotected sharps
should never be passed directly from one
person to another. In the operating theatre
or procedure room, pass sharp instruments
in such a way that the surgeon and
assistant are never touching the item at the
same time.
“safe zone” (“neutral zone”) or "hands-free”
“safe zone” (“neutral zone”) or "hands-free”
18. The assistant places the instrument in a
sterile kidney basin or in a designated "safe
zone" in the sterile field.
The assistant tells the service
provider (speak out loud) that the
instrument is in the kidney basin or
safe zone.
The service provider picks up the
instrument, uses it, and returns it to the
basin or safe zone.
19. When giving injections:
·Unexpected client motion at the time of
injection can lead to accidental
needlesticks. Therefore, always warn
clients when you are about to give them
an injection.
20. Managing injuries and exposure
Studies have shown that
squeezing a wound does not reduce the
risk of infection. In addition, do not use
caustic agents, such as bleach, on injuries
from sharp objects.
21. IF AN EXPOSURE OCCURS
What should I do?
PUNCTURE WOUND:
e.g. Needles tick or sharp injury, bite or
scratch
Encourage bleeding of the wound by
applying gentle pressure.
DO NOT SUCK
IMMEDIATELY – Wash well with soap
under running water.
Dry and apply a waterproof dressing as
necessary.
Report the incident to your manager.
Complete Incident Report Form.
22. Initiate investigation as to the cause of the
incident and risk assessment.
INJURY FROM CLEAN/UNUSED INSTRUMENT
OR NEEDLE…
Contact Infection Control by telephone if you
are unsure or require advice.
INJURY FROM USED INSTRUMENT OR
NEEDLE, BITE OR SCRATCH…
REPORT ASAP but WITHIN 1 HOUR
Attend Employee Health or Emergency
Department
23. If body fluids splash into:
EYES/NOSE
Irrigate with cold water for at least 15 minutes
If body fluids splash into:
MOUTH - DO NOT SWALLOW
Rinse out several times with cold water
ASAP but WITHIN 1 HOUR Attend Employee
Health or Emergency Department
24. Post exposure prophylaxis
Detailed protocols for the
administration of post exposure
prophylaxis is written in the
Sharps Injury Prevention Protocol.
For hepatitis C: There is no (PEP)
post exposure prophylaxis available for
hepatitis C. Neither immune globulin
nor antiviral drugs have been shown to
reduce the risk of hepatitis C
transmission.
25. All staff who are at risk of
exposure to blood or other
body fluids should follow the
hospital vaccination protocol
against hepatitis B virus.
26. Safe disposal of sharps
To dispose of sharps correctly:
· Do not recap, bend, or break needles
before disposal, and do not remove
the needle from the syringe by hand.
Dispose of needles and syringes
immediately after use in a puncture-
resistant sharps-disposal container.
29. Compliance
Employee's compliance with safe work
practices reduce exposure to blood and other
body fluids, including reductions in sharps-
related injuries .
staff awareness of health and safety is
important to staffs own health and well being.
30. Reporting
Proper reporting of needle-stick
injuries is obviously crucial to initiate
early prophylaxis or treatment.
31. A sentinel event is an unexpected
occurrence involving death or serious
physical or psychological injury, or the risk
thereof.
“that signal the need for immediate
investigation and response”
Quality improvement for patient safety
32. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a process for
identifying the basic or causal factors that
underlie variations in expected
performance. This process is being used
widely in healthcare settings to identify
factors that lead to adverse patient
outcomes or are associated with a "sentinel
event" (e.g., medication errors, laboratory
errors, falls).
The RCA concept also can be applied to
sharps injury prevention.
Quality improvement for patient safety
33. The purpose of the RCA is to understand
how and why a Sentinel or High Risk Event
occurred and to prevent the same or similar
Event from occurring in the future.
Quality improvement for patient safety
34. The key to the RCA process is asking the
question "why?" as many times as it takes to
get down to the "root" cause(s) of an event.
· What happened?
· How did it happen?
· Why did it happen?
· What can be done to prevent it from
happening in the future?
35. · Name and/or identification number of
healthcare worker
· Date, time, and work location of the injury
· Occupation of the worker
· Type of device involved in the injury, and
presence or absence of an engineered
sharps injury prevention feature on the
device involved
· Purpose or procedure for which the sharp
device was being used; and
· When and how the injury occurred.
Data to reported: