Vital signs include body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure. Normal body temperature is 98.6°F. Normal pulse for adults is 60-80 beats per minute. Normal respiration for adults is 12-20 breaths per minute. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Conditions like fever, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea, bradypnea, hypotension, and hypertension can indicate potential health problems if vital signs are outside normal ranges. Careful monitoring of the four vital signs is important for assessing patient health and identifying possible issues that require medical attention.

1.  PRESENTED
BY

2.  What are the vital signs?
 1.Body temperature.
 2,Pulse rate.
 3.Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
 4.Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not
considered a vital sign, but is often measured
along with the vital signs.)

3.  Body temperature
 98.6°F (37°C) Average
 97°F (36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C) Normal
range
 Normal body temperatures vary depending
on many factors, including a person’s age,
sex, and activity levels

4.  Subnormal Temperature 97 F to 95 F
 Hypothermia body temperature goes below
95 F
 Hyperthermia
 In humans, hyperthermia is defined as
a temperature greater than normal range.
 99 to 100.9 ranges F

5. TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION
 Hypothermia <35.0 °C (95.0 °F)
 Normal 36.5–37.5 °C (97– 99°F)
 Fever >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
 Hyperthermia >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9
°F)
 Hyperpyrexia >40.0 or 41.0 °C (104.0 or 105.8 °F
 Note: The difference between fever and hyperthermia
is the underlying mechanism. Different sources have
different cut-offs for fever, hyperthermia and
hyperpyrexia.

6. PULSE
 Pulse, rhythmic dilation of an artery
generated by the opening and closing of the
aortic valve in the heart. A pulse can be felt
by applying firm fingertip pressure to the skin
at sites where the arteries travel near the
skin's surface.

7.  Normal pulse for people at rest
 Adult 60 to 80 per minute
 Children 80 to 100
 Infant 100 to 140

8.  Tachycardia:
 Fast Heart Rate.
 Generally speaking, for adults, a heart rate of
more than 100 beats per minute (BPM) is called
Tachycardia
 Bradycardia
 is a slower than normal heart rate. For adults, a
heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute
(BPM) is called bradycardia

9.  A weak, rapid pulse can mean a state of
shock.
 A very rapid slow or irregular pulse could
mean heart trouble
 A relatively slow pulse in person with a high
fever may be a sign of typhoid

10.  Respiration/Breathing
 is the process by which energy is released
from food in our body. The function of
respiratory system is to breathe in oxygen
for respiration producing energy from food,
and to breathe out carbon dioxide produced
by respiration. ...
 Gases exchanged are oxygen and carbon
dioxide.

11.  Normal range Adult 12-20 per
minute
 Infant 30-60 per
minute
 Toddler (1 to 3 years) 24 - 40 per
minute
 Pre school (3 to 6 years) 22- 34 per
minute
 School age (6 to 12 years) 18 -30 per
minute

12.  Tachypnea
 Tachypnea in adults is breathing more than
20 breaths per minute.
 Bradypnea
 Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing
rate. A respiration rate below 12 breaths per
minute while resting

13.  Breath sound listening
 A whistle or wheeze and difficulty in
breathing out can mean Ashthma
 A gargling or snoring noise and difficulty in
breathing in an unconscious person may
mean that tongue, mucus or something else
is stuck in the throat and does not let air to
pass.
 Attack of sudden breathlessness at night
mean heart attack

14. BLOOD PRESSURE
 Blood pressure
 is defined as the amount
of pressure exerted on the walls of the
arteries as the blood moves through them.
 Normal blood pressure
 120/80 mm of Hg
 90-139/60-89 mm of Hg normal range

15.  Systolic blood pressure
 When your heart beats, it squeezes and
pushes blood through your arteries to the
rest of your body. This force
creates pressure on those blood vessels,
and that's your systolic blood pressure.
120

16.  When your heart is at rest,
 the minimum arterial pressure during
relaxation This force creates pressure on
those blood vessels, and that's Diastolic
blood pressure. 80

17.  Hypotension or Low blood pressure
 Hypotension. ... A systolic blood pressure of
less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is
generally considered to be hypotension.
Different numbers apply to children.
However, in practice, blood pressure is
considered too low only if noticeable
symptoms are present

18.  Hypertension High blood pressure
 is defined as a systolic blood pressure
(SBP) of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic
blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or more,

19. BLOOD PRESSURE RANGES
 Systolic Diastolic mm of
Hg
 Normal 90 -139 60-89
 Hypertension stage I 140-159 90-99
 Hypertension stage II 160-170 100-109
 Hypertension stage III180 & Above 110&
above