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This document discusses neck swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. It begins by classifying swellings as either cystic or solid, and by location as midline, submandibular triangle, or posterior triangle. Examples of common midline cystic and solid swellings are provided, as well as examples for each triangle location. Causes of lymphadenopathy are categorized as acute, chronic, inflammatory, neoplastic (primary or secondary), or autoimmune. The document also presents the "Rule of 80" regarding characteristics of neck swellings and metastases.
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHADENOPATHY
In most cases, a careful history and physical examination will identify a readily diagnosable cause of the lymphadenopathy, such as upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngitis, periodontal disease, conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis, tinea, insect bites, recent immunization, cat-scratch disease or dermatitis,
Salivary gland Tumors
Salivary gland tumors can be benign or malignant. The majority are benign and arise most commonly in the parotid gland. Histologically, tumors are best classified based on their patterns. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the tumor, with more aggressive surgery and radiation used for malignant tumors. Prognosis varies significantly depending on the specific tumor type.
Neck swelling , Syed Alam Zeb
The document discusses different types of neck swellings, their potential causes, investigations, and management. Some potential causes of neck swellings include enlarged lymph nodes due to infections, tumors, cystic hygromas in children, and enlarged thyroid or parotid glands. Differential diagnoses depend on the location of the swelling. Investigations may include ultrasound, biopsy, or FNAC. Definitive treatment is based on determining the nature of the swelling.
Examination of Swelling
This document provides an overview of examining swellings in the head and neck region. It begins with definitions of key terms like swelling, cyst, and lump. It then classifies swellings based on location and etiology. The document outlines the important components of physically examining a swelling, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It describes the process of taking a patient history. Key investigations that can be performed for swellings are also summarized, including x-rays, ultrasound, biopsy and more. Differential diagnoses and management strategies are also briefly mentioned.
Non thyroid neck swellings
This document discusses various non-thyroid neck swellings including:
1. Benign cysts such as branchial cysts, dermoid cysts, and ranulas.
2. Inflammatory conditions including cystic hygroma and tuberculosis lymphadenitis.
3. Malignancies including lymphomas presenting as neck node enlargement and metastases from unknown primary cancers.
Diagnosis and treatment options are provided for each condition in brief.
Tuberculous cervical lymphadinitis
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the cervical lymph nodes, usually through the tonsils. Clinically, it presents with fever, cough, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Left untreated, the infection can progress from a non-tender cold abscess to a collar stud abscess under the skin that ruptures, forming draining sinus tracts. Diagnosis involves aspiration or biopsy of lesions for staining, culture and cytology. Treatment consists of a 6-9 month course of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Aspiration or incision and drainage may be used for abscesses. Surgery is indicated for drug-resistant cases or persistent sinuses.
Neck swelling
The document discusses the anatomy and triangles of the neck, describing boundaries, contents, and clinical significance. It also covers common neck masses including cysts, sinuses, fistulas, ulcers, tumors, and infections. Lymphatic drainage is described for deep cervical nodes along vertical and circular chains.
Midline swellings of the neck
This document discusses various causes of midline neck swellings, including congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. It provides details on specific conditions such as thyroglossal duct cyst, laryngocele, Ludwig's angina, sublingual dermoid cyst, reactive lymphadenopathy, thyroid disorders, and laryngeal malignancy. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, incision and drainage, surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination of therapies.
Recommended
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHADENOPATHY
In most cases, a careful history and physical examination will identify a readily diagnosable cause of the lymphadenopathy, such as upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngitis, periodontal disease, conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis, tinea, insect bites, recent immunization, cat-scratch disease or dermatitis,
Salivary gland Tumors
Salivary gland tumors can be benign or malignant. The majority are benign and arise most commonly in the parotid gland. Histologically, tumors are best classified based on their patterns. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the tumor, with more aggressive surgery and radiation used for malignant tumors. Prognosis varies significantly depending on the specific tumor type.
Neck swelling , Syed Alam Zeb
The document discusses different types of neck swellings, their potential causes, investigations, and management. Some potential causes of neck swellings include enlarged lymph nodes due to infections, tumors, cystic hygromas in children, and enlarged thyroid or parotid glands. Differential diagnoses depend on the location of the swelling. Investigations may include ultrasound, biopsy, or FNAC. Definitive treatment is based on determining the nature of the swelling.
Examination of Swelling
This document provides an overview of examining swellings in the head and neck region. It begins with definitions of key terms like swelling, cyst, and lump. It then classifies swellings based on location and etiology. The document outlines the important components of physically examining a swelling, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It describes the process of taking a patient history. Key investigations that can be performed for swellings are also summarized, including x-rays, ultrasound, biopsy and more. Differential diagnoses and management strategies are also briefly mentioned.
Non thyroid neck swellings
This document discusses various non-thyroid neck swellings including:
1. Benign cysts such as branchial cysts, dermoid cysts, and ranulas.
2. Inflammatory conditions including cystic hygroma and tuberculosis lymphadenitis.
3. Malignancies including lymphomas presenting as neck node enlargement and metastases from unknown primary cancers.
Diagnosis and treatment options are provided for each condition in brief.
Tuberculous cervical lymphadinitis
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the cervical lymph nodes, usually through the tonsils. Clinically, it presents with fever, cough, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Left untreated, the infection can progress from a non-tender cold abscess to a collar stud abscess under the skin that ruptures, forming draining sinus tracts. Diagnosis involves aspiration or biopsy of lesions for staining, culture and cytology. Treatment consists of a 6-9 month course of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Aspiration or incision and drainage may be used for abscesses. Surgery is indicated for drug-resistant cases or persistent sinuses.
Neck swelling
The document discusses the anatomy and triangles of the neck, describing boundaries, contents, and clinical significance. It also covers common neck masses including cysts, sinuses, fistulas, ulcers, tumors, and infections. Lymphatic drainage is described for deep cervical nodes along vertical and circular chains.
Midline swellings of the neck
This document discusses various causes of midline neck swellings, including congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. It provides details on specific conditions such as thyroglossal duct cyst, laryngocele, Ludwig's angina, sublingual dermoid cyst, reactive lymphadenopathy, thyroid disorders, and laryngeal malignancy. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, incision and drainage, surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination of therapies.
Lipomas
This document discusses lipomas, which are benign soft tissue tumors composed of adipose tissue enclosed in connective tissue. It covers the epidemiology, causes, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and treatment of lipomas. Lipomas most commonly occur in adults aged 40-60 and can be removed surgically, usually via simple excision, for cosmetic reasons or if the diagnosis is uncertain. While generally benign, liposarcomas can rarely develop with similar clinical features and require complete excision and histological examination.
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland. It consists of both epithelial cells and spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells within an abundant mucoid matrix. On pathology, it displays well-differentiated epithelial cells and spindle/stellate cells in a pleomorphic stroma with mucoid material. The tumor presents as a slow-growing, painless swelling of the parotid gland and is diagnosed by FNAC. The treatment is complete surgical excision via superficial parotidectomy while preserving the facial nerve. Recurrence is possible if there are pseudopods left behind or inadequate margins. Malignant transformation may occur in long-standing tumors.
Salivary gland tumors
This document provides information on tumors of the salivary glands. It discusses the anatomy and histology of salivary glands, classification of salivary gland tumors, and specifics on certain tumor types including pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, characterized by epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Warthin's tumor commonly occurs bilaterally in the parotid glands of older smoking males. The document covers epidemiology, etiology, histogenesis, clinical features, investigation, pathology and treatment of various salivary gland tumors.
Diseases of salivary gland
This document discusses diseases of the salivary glands, including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders. It describes the anatomy and locations of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. For non-neoplastic disorders, it covers mumps (viral parotitis), acute suppurative parotitis, chronic recurrent sialadenitis, sialectasis, granulomatous diseases, salivary calculi, and Sjogren's syndrome. It also discusses benign and malignant neoplasms that can occur in the salivary glands, such as pleomorphic adenoma, adenolymphoma, mucoepidermoid
Investigations pertaining to salivary glands
This document discusses various investigative techniques for evaluating salivary glands, including imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, scintigraphy and sialography. It provides details on the appearance and characteristics of benign and malignant lesions on different tests. Non-invasive techniques discussed include ultrasound, MRI and scintigraphy while invasive options mentioned are sialography, FNAB, and histopathological evaluation of biopsies. The document also evaluates techniques used for investigating salivary gland issues in pediatric patients.
Branchial cyst and thyroglossal cyst
This document discusses second branchial cleft anomalies, which present as a sinus, cyst, or fistula in the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Symptoms include a skin pit or palpable cord that can express milky discharge. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to avoid infection. Remnants of the thyroglossal duct are also discussed, presenting as midline neck swellings that move with swallowing and can become infected. Ultrasound and nuclear scans help differentiate these from other neck masses. Surgical excision is treatment.
Lymph nodes of head & neck, Normal anatomy and its applied aspect
Lymph nodes in the head and neck can be classified as either superficial or deep nodes. Superficial nodes include the submental, submandibular, buccal, mandibular, parotid, postauricular, occipital, anterior cervical, and superficial cervical nodes. Deep nodes include the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, jugulodigastric, and jugulo-omohyoid nodes. The lymph nodes drain various structures in the head and neck region and filter lymph before it returns to circulation. Lymph nodes are important for immune function and removing debris from tissues.
Salivary glands disorders ii
The document discusses various salivary gland disorders including infections, inflammatory conditions, cysts, tumors and other pathologies. It provides details on:
- Acute and chronic bacterial sialadenitis, most commonly caused by retrograde infection from the mouth. Acute infections more often affect the parotid gland.
- Viral infections like mumps can cause acute non-suppurative sialadenitis. Mumps is spread through droplets and involves the parotid glands.
- Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition characterized by lymphocytic destruction of exocrine glands causing dry mouth and eyes. Diagnosis involves labial biopsy.
- Common benign sal
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 60% of cases. It occurs most often in the parotid glands and presents as a painless, firm mass. Histologically, it contains both epithelial and mesenchymal elements arranged in a trabecular pattern within a fibrous stroma. Treatment involves complete surgical removal of the tumor with adequate margins to prevent recurrence due to microscopic projections outside the capsule. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to identify the location and characteristics of the tumor prior to surgery.
Thyroglossal duct cyst
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass that develops from leftover tissue from when the thyroid gland forms during embryonic development. It is most common in preschool-aged children and adolescents. Diagnostic tests include physical examination, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration to evaluate the mass and rule out thyroid abnormalities. Treatment involves antibiotics if infected or surgical removal (Sistrunk procedure) of the entire cyst and tract to prevent recurrence, which is performed under general anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. Complications can include infection or rare chance of malignancy.
Precancerous lesions & conditions
This document discusses precancerous lesions and conditions of the oral cavity. It defines precancerous lesions as morphologically altered tissues with a higher risk of developing cancer, and precancerous conditions as generalized states associated with significantly increased cancer risk. Examples of precancerous lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and speckled leukoplakia. Oral submucous fibrosis and sideropenic dysphagia are examples of precancerous conditions. Risk factors for oral cancer development from these lesions include tobacco, alcohol, infections and nutritional deficiencies. Screening, early identification and treatment can help prevent progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Hemangioma
Hemangioma is a benign vascular endothelial tumor that is common in girls. It grows rapidly in the first year and 70% involute by 7 years. Hemangiomas can be capillary or cavernous. Capillary hemangiomas appear as strawberry-like lesions and usually resolve by age 7, while cavernous hemangiomas appear bluish and may grow larger. Treatment depends on the type and location but may include corticosteroids, laser therapy, or surgery.
Salivary Gland Diseases
The document describes the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It discusses their locations, secretions, duct systems, and common diseases. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and has a serous secretion. The submandibular gland has a mixed secretion and drains via Wharton's duct. The sublingual glands have a mucous secretion that can drain via the submandibular duct. Common diseases include salivary stones, infections, trauma, Sjogren's syndrome, and tumors. Diagnostic tools include sialography, scintigraphy, and biopsy.
Neck mass differential diagnosis
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of neck swellings. It begins by defining a neck mass and differential diagnosis. It then describes the various structures that can cause swellings in the head and neck region, including lymph nodes, salivary glands, and muscles. The document outlines the approach to examining a neck mass, including inspecting for location, size, and color, and palpating for tenderness, size, and mobility. Radiographic investigations like MRI, CT, and ultrasound are discussed. Biopsy methods like fine needle aspiration are also summarized.
Benign and malignat tumors of salivary gland
This document discusses neoplasms (tumors) of the salivary glands. It begins by describing the major and minor salivary glands. The most common benign tumors are pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, and oncocytoma. The most common malignant tumors are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Factors like size and location of the gland affect likelihood of malignancy. Surgery is the main treatment and complications can include facial nerve paralysis, fluid collections, and Frey's syndrome.
salivary gland diseases
The document discusses various salivary gland diseases including functional disorders like sialorrhea and xerostomia, obstructive disorders like sialolithiasis, non-neoplastic disorders such as acute and chronic sialadenitis, and neoplastic disorders including adenomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, carcinomas, and malignant lymphomas. It also covers sinus diseases such as acute and chronic sinusitis, their causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential complications.
Parotid tumors
The parotid gland is located below and in front of the ear. It has two lobes and is drained by Stenson's duct which opens into the mouth. The gland has a capsule and structures like arteries pass through it. It is supplied by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. Common tumors include pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are malignant tumors that can occur. Surgical excision is the main treatment for tumors but radiotherapy may also be used for malignant ones. Complications after parotidectomy include facial nerve injury and salivary fistula.
Lesions of oral cavity
lesions of the oral cavity includes ulcers, stomatitis, thrush lichen planus, pemphegoid and oral sub mucous fibrosis
Cervical lymphadenitis
This document discusses cervical lymph nodes and lymphadenitis. It covers causes of cervical lymphadenitis including infectious, neoplastic, and tuberculous etiologies. It describes acute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is discussed in depth, covering pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Levels of cervical lymph nodes and patterns of neck metastasis are also outlined.
Salivary glands diseases
This document provides information on salivary gland diseases presented over multiple sessions. It begins with the objectives and overview of topics to be covered, including applied anatomy of the salivary glands, autonomic innervation and effects on function, inflammatory and obstructive disorders, neoplasms, and investigations. It then describes in detail the anatomy, physiology and investigations of the major salivary glands. Salivary gland diseases are classified as functional, obstructive, non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Specific conditions like sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, mucocele and ranula are explained. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, sialography, CT, MRI and sialendoscopy
Final ppt neck swelling.pptx
1. Submandibular triangle swellings included submandibular salivary gland enlargement, most commonly due to acute sialadenitis or sailolithiasis within the gland. Submandibular lymph node enlargement and plunging ranula were also mentioned.
2. Carotid triangle swellings discussed were carotid body tumor, which appears as a smooth, non-tender mass and branchial cyst, a congenital cyst arising from failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft.
3. Sternomastoid 'tumor' of infancy was described as a fibrous mass appearing in the sternomastoid muscle in infants, usually resolving spontaneously without sequelae.
Neck swellings complete
The document discusses various neck swellings including:
1) Thyroglossal cyst - Arises from remnants of the thyroglossal duct and requires complete excision (Sistrunk's operation) to prevent recurrence.
2) Branchial cyst - Develops from vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft and is excised when non-infected.
3) Cystic hygroma - Filled with clear lymph due to sequestration of lymph sac and often presents in neonates, requiring complete early excision.
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Lipomas
This document discusses lipomas, which are benign soft tissue tumors composed of adipose tissue enclosed in connective tissue. It covers the epidemiology, causes, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and treatment of lipomas. Lipomas most commonly occur in adults aged 40-60 and can be removed surgically, usually via simple excision, for cosmetic reasons or if the diagnosis is uncertain. While generally benign, liposarcomas can rarely develop with similar clinical features and require complete excision and histological examination.
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland. It consists of both epithelial cells and spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells within an abundant mucoid matrix. On pathology, it displays well-differentiated epithelial cells and spindle/stellate cells in a pleomorphic stroma with mucoid material. The tumor presents as a slow-growing, painless swelling of the parotid gland and is diagnosed by FNAC. The treatment is complete surgical excision via superficial parotidectomy while preserving the facial nerve. Recurrence is possible if there are pseudopods left behind or inadequate margins. Malignant transformation may occur in long-standing tumors.
Salivary gland tumors
This document provides information on tumors of the salivary glands. It discusses the anatomy and histology of salivary glands, classification of salivary gland tumors, and specifics on certain tumor types including pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, characterized by epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Warthin's tumor commonly occurs bilaterally in the parotid glands of older smoking males. The document covers epidemiology, etiology, histogenesis, clinical features, investigation, pathology and treatment of various salivary gland tumors.
Diseases of salivary gland
This document discusses diseases of the salivary glands, including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders. It describes the anatomy and locations of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. For non-neoplastic disorders, it covers mumps (viral parotitis), acute suppurative parotitis, chronic recurrent sialadenitis, sialectasis, granulomatous diseases, salivary calculi, and Sjogren's syndrome. It also discusses benign and malignant neoplasms that can occur in the salivary glands, such as pleomorphic adenoma, adenolymphoma, mucoepidermoid
Investigations pertaining to salivary glands
This document discusses various investigative techniques for evaluating salivary glands, including imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, scintigraphy and sialography. It provides details on the appearance and characteristics of benign and malignant lesions on different tests. Non-invasive techniques discussed include ultrasound, MRI and scintigraphy while invasive options mentioned are sialography, FNAB, and histopathological evaluation of biopsies. The document also evaluates techniques used for investigating salivary gland issues in pediatric patients.
Branchial cyst and thyroglossal cyst
This document discusses second branchial cleft anomalies, which present as a sinus, cyst, or fistula in the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Symptoms include a skin pit or palpable cord that can express milky discharge. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to avoid infection. Remnants of the thyroglossal duct are also discussed, presenting as midline neck swellings that move with swallowing and can become infected. Ultrasound and nuclear scans help differentiate these from other neck masses. Surgical excision is treatment.
Lymph nodes of head & neck, Normal anatomy and its applied aspect
Lymph nodes in the head and neck can be classified as either superficial or deep nodes. Superficial nodes include the submental, submandibular, buccal, mandibular, parotid, postauricular, occipital, anterior cervical, and superficial cervical nodes. Deep nodes include the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, jugulodigastric, and jugulo-omohyoid nodes. The lymph nodes drain various structures in the head and neck region and filter lymph before it returns to circulation. Lymph nodes are important for immune function and removing debris from tissues.
Salivary glands disorders ii
The document discusses various salivary gland disorders including infections, inflammatory conditions, cysts, tumors and other pathologies. It provides details on:
- Acute and chronic bacterial sialadenitis, most commonly caused by retrograde infection from the mouth. Acute infections more often affect the parotid gland.
- Viral infections like mumps can cause acute non-suppurative sialadenitis. Mumps is spread through droplets and involves the parotid glands.
- Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition characterized by lymphocytic destruction of exocrine glands causing dry mouth and eyes. Diagnosis involves labial biopsy.
- Common benign sal
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 60% of cases. It occurs most often in the parotid glands and presents as a painless, firm mass. Histologically, it contains both epithelial and mesenchymal elements arranged in a trabecular pattern within a fibrous stroma. Treatment involves complete surgical removal of the tumor with adequate margins to prevent recurrence due to microscopic projections outside the capsule. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to identify the location and characteristics of the tumor prior to surgery.
Thyroglossal duct cyst
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass that develops from leftover tissue from when the thyroid gland forms during embryonic development. It is most common in preschool-aged children and adolescents. Diagnostic tests include physical examination, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration to evaluate the mass and rule out thyroid abnormalities. Treatment involves antibiotics if infected or surgical removal (Sistrunk procedure) of the entire cyst and tract to prevent recurrence, which is performed under general anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. Complications can include infection or rare chance of malignancy.
Precancerous lesions & conditions
This document discusses precancerous lesions and conditions of the oral cavity. It defines precancerous lesions as morphologically altered tissues with a higher risk of developing cancer, and precancerous conditions as generalized states associated with significantly increased cancer risk. Examples of precancerous lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and speckled leukoplakia. Oral submucous fibrosis and sideropenic dysphagia are examples of precancerous conditions. Risk factors for oral cancer development from these lesions include tobacco, alcohol, infections and nutritional deficiencies. Screening, early identification and treatment can help prevent progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Hemangioma
Hemangioma is a benign vascular endothelial tumor that is common in girls. It grows rapidly in the first year and 70% involute by 7 years. Hemangiomas can be capillary or cavernous. Capillary hemangiomas appear as strawberry-like lesions and usually resolve by age 7, while cavernous hemangiomas appear bluish and may grow larger. Treatment depends on the type and location but may include corticosteroids, laser therapy, or surgery.
Salivary Gland Diseases
The document describes the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It discusses their locations, secretions, duct systems, and common diseases. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and has a serous secretion. The submandibular gland has a mixed secretion and drains via Wharton's duct. The sublingual glands have a mucous secretion that can drain via the submandibular duct. Common diseases include salivary stones, infections, trauma, Sjogren's syndrome, and tumors. Diagnostic tools include sialography, scintigraphy, and biopsy.
Neck mass differential diagnosis
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of neck swellings. It begins by defining a neck mass and differential diagnosis. It then describes the various structures that can cause swellings in the head and neck region, including lymph nodes, salivary glands, and muscles. The document outlines the approach to examining a neck mass, including inspecting for location, size, and color, and palpating for tenderness, size, and mobility. Radiographic investigations like MRI, CT, and ultrasound are discussed. Biopsy methods like fine needle aspiration are also summarized.
Benign and malignat tumors of salivary gland
This document discusses neoplasms (tumors) of the salivary glands. It begins by describing the major and minor salivary glands. The most common benign tumors are pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, and oncocytoma. The most common malignant tumors are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Factors like size and location of the gland affect likelihood of malignancy. Surgery is the main treatment and complications can include facial nerve paralysis, fluid collections, and Frey's syndrome.
salivary gland diseases
The document discusses various salivary gland diseases including functional disorders like sialorrhea and xerostomia, obstructive disorders like sialolithiasis, non-neoplastic disorders such as acute and chronic sialadenitis, and neoplastic disorders including adenomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, carcinomas, and malignant lymphomas. It also covers sinus diseases such as acute and chronic sinusitis, their causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential complications.
Parotid tumors
The parotid gland is located below and in front of the ear. It has two lobes and is drained by Stenson's duct which opens into the mouth. The gland has a capsule and structures like arteries pass through it. It is supplied by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. Common tumors include pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are malignant tumors that can occur. Surgical excision is the main treatment for tumors but radiotherapy may also be used for malignant ones. Complications after parotidectomy include facial nerve injury and salivary fistula.
Lesions of oral cavity
lesions of the oral cavity includes ulcers, stomatitis, thrush lichen planus, pemphegoid and oral sub mucous fibrosis
Cervical lymphadenitis
This document discusses cervical lymph nodes and lymphadenitis. It covers causes of cervical lymphadenitis including infectious, neoplastic, and tuberculous etiologies. It describes acute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is discussed in depth, covering pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Levels of cervical lymph nodes and patterns of neck metastasis are also outlined.
Salivary glands diseases
This document provides information on salivary gland diseases presented over multiple sessions. It begins with the objectives and overview of topics to be covered, including applied anatomy of the salivary glands, autonomic innervation and effects on function, inflammatory and obstructive disorders, neoplasms, and investigations. It then describes in detail the anatomy, physiology and investigations of the major salivary glands. Salivary gland diseases are classified as functional, obstructive, non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Specific conditions like sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, mucocele and ranula are explained. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, sialography, CT, MRI and sialendoscopy
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Lymph nodes of head & neck, Normal anatomy and its applied aspect
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Similar to neck swelling.pptx
Final ppt neck swelling.pptx
1. Submandibular triangle swellings included submandibular salivary gland enlargement, most commonly due to acute sialadenitis or sailolithiasis within the gland. Submandibular lymph node enlargement and plunging ranula were also mentioned.
2. Carotid triangle swellings discussed were carotid body tumor, which appears as a smooth, non-tender mass and branchial cyst, a congenital cyst arising from failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft.
3. Sternomastoid 'tumor' of infancy was described as a fibrous mass appearing in the sternomastoid muscle in infants, usually resolving spontaneously without sequelae.
Neck swellings complete
The document discusses various neck swellings including:
1) Thyroglossal cyst - Arises from remnants of the thyroglossal duct and requires complete excision (Sistrunk's operation) to prevent recurrence.
2) Branchial cyst - Develops from vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft and is excised when non-infected.
3) Cystic hygroma - Filled with clear lymph due to sequestration of lymph sac and often presents in neonates, requiring complete early excision.
TRIANGLES OF NECK
The document describes various anatomical triangles of the neck region. It discusses 11 triangles in detail, providing their boundaries, contents, and clinical significance. The triangles described include the anterior triangle, submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, muscular triangle, posterior triangle, occipital triangle, and supraclavicular triangle. Structures like nerves, vessels, muscles and lymph nodes contained within each triangle are outlined. Potential surgical and pathological implications are also mentioned.
21. evaluation of neck swellings kk
This document provides an overview of common neck swellings, including their classification, clinical features, investigations, and treatments. It discusses ubiquitous neck swellings such as sebaceous cysts and lipomas. It also covers midline neck swellings like lymph nodes and thyroid swellings, as well as lateral neck swellings including branchial cleft cysts, laryngoceles, and carotid body tumors. For each condition, the document describes location, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and surgical management approaches.
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Tumours of Ear
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Neck swellings.pptx
This document discusses various neck swellings, describing their location, appearance, characteristics, and potential causes. It covers swellings that may occur in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, or lymphatics. Specific conditions covered include sebaceous cysts, lipomas, hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, ranulas, branchial cysts, and thyroid abnormalities. The document also discusses midline and lateral neck swellings and provides details on evaluating neck lumps and different types of neck dissections.
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The document describes various pathologies that can involve the pharyngeal mucosal space of the head and neck. This most internal compartment is delineated by the middle layer of deep cervical fascia and contains the pharyngeal mucosa. Common benign lesions include Tornwaldt cysts and minor salivary gland lesions. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a primary malignancy associated with Epstein-Barr virus that presents as soft tissue masses. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are other malignancies that can originate in or involve this space. Lymphoma is also discussed.
Parapharyngeal tumors ug - 01.08.2016 - prof.s.gobalakrishnan
Primary parapharyngeal tumors are rare, accounting for 0.5% of head and neck tumors. The parapharyngeal space is divided into prestyloid and poststyloid compartments by the tensor-vascular-styloid fascia. Salivary gland neoplasms, especially pleomorphic adenoma, are the most common primary tumors in the prestyloid space, while schwannomas and paragangliomas are more common in the poststyloid space. Imaging with CT and MRI is important for localization and characterization of tumors. Surgical approaches are tailored based on tumor location but often involve a cervical or combined cervical-parotid approach.
Parapharyngeal tumors ug - 01.08.2016 - prof.s.gobalakrishnan
Primary parapharyngeal tumors are rare, accounting for 0.5% of head and neck tumors. The parapharyngeal space is divided into prestyloid and poststyloid compartments by the tensor-vascular-styloid fascia. Salivary gland neoplasms, especially pleomorphic adenomas, are the most common primary tumors in the prestyloid space, while schwannomas and paragangliomas are more common in the poststyloid space. Imaging with CT and MRI is important for evaluating tumor location and relationship to surrounding structures to help determine the optimal surgical approach. The cervical-parotid approach is commonly used but more extensive approaches like cervical-transpharyngeal may be needed for
Fissural cysts of oral cavity
Fissural cysts arise along lines of fusion between embryonic processes. Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common non-odontogenic cyst, arising from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct. Median palatal cysts occur in the midline of the hard palate from entrapped epithelium. Dermoid and epidermoid cysts contain skin elements and arise from implantation of epithelium during embryonic development. These cysts are examined clinically and radiographically and often surgically removed.
Neck dissection
This document provides an overview of neck anatomy and neck dissection procedures. It describes the boundaries and contents of the neck regions. It then discusses the different types of neck dissections including radical neck dissection, modified radical neck dissection, and selective neck dissections. Key structures such as lymph nodes, muscles, nerves and vessels are identified. Surgical considerations and indications for different procedures are also outlined.
10 neck masses - copy
1. Congenital neck masses are abnormal growths present from birth between the clavicles and mandible. The most common congenital neck mass is a thyroglossal cyst, which forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct during development.
2. Other congenital neck masses include branchial cysts, dermoid cysts, cystic hygromas, hamartomas, and teratomas.
3. Evaluation of congenital neck masses involves inspection, imaging like ultrasound or CT to determine if the mass is solid or cystic in nature, and biopsy if needed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision is usually the treatment for congenital neck masses.
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This document discusses neck dissections and related anatomy. It covers the layers of fascia in the neck, important muscles and structures, lymph node levels, types of neck incisions and dissections, and complications. The key types of neck dissections are radical, modified radical, and selective neck dissections. Common neck incisions discussed include transverse, Criles, apron, and double Y incisions.
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The parapharyngeal space is a potential space located in the neck that contains important structures like the carotid artery and cranial nerves. Tumors in this space can be benign or malignant, with the most common types being salivary gland tumors in the prestyloid space and neurogenic tumors in the retrostyloid space. Imaging like CT and MRI are used to determine the location and characteristics of the tumor. Surgical excision is typically the primary treatment, with the surgical approach depending on factors like size and involvement of surrounding structures. Observation or radiation therapy may be options for certain patients who cannot undergo surgery.
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This document provides an overview of skull base anatomy and imaging of skull base pathology. It begins with a description of the bones that make up the skull base and key anatomical structures like foramina and sinuses. Common pathologies are then discussed, including tumors originating from within the skull base (intra-axial) or adjacent structures outside the skull base (extra-axial). Example cases of chordoma and glomus tumor are presented with imaging findings. Finally, some hints and tips for skull base MRI interpretation are provided.
Sch 43 surgical management of tumors of the foramen magnum
This document discusses the surgical management of tumors located in the foramen magnum. It begins by describing the anatomy of the foramen magnum and then discusses the classification, clinical presentation, imaging, and surgical approaches for tumors in this region. Specifically, it focuses on the far lateral approach, outlining the positioning, incisions, exposure of the vertebral artery, bone removal, dural opening, and tumor resection steps involved in this approach. Postoperative measures like monitoring for lower cranial nerve deficits are also mentioned.
Mcq
The document discusses the major salivary glands - parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It notes that the submandibular gland has superficial and deep portions separated by the mylohyoid muscle. Diagnosing submandibular gland swelling involves checking for transillumination and palpating for movement during swallowing. Parotid calculi can be identified through plain radiographs or CT scans. The facial nerve branch at risk during submandibular gland surgery is the marginal mandibular nerve.
Accustic neuroma 1
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor of the vestibular nerve sheath cells. It accounts for 6% of all intracranial tumors and 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The tumor grows medially from the Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve and presents in stages ranging from isolated otological symptoms to brainstem compression. Diagnosis involves radiological investigations like CT, MRI and MRA. Treatment options include observation, surgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery depending on tumor size and patient factors.
Neck Dissections
This document provides an overview of neck dissection procedures. It discusses the history and evolution of neck dissection, from Kocher's initial proposal in 1880 to remove nodal metastases to more modern classifications. The surgical anatomy of neck structures is described in detail. Levels of cervical lymph nodes are defined based on boundaries of bones, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Staging of head and neck cancers using the TNM system is explained. Factors affecting nodal metastasis and techniques for assessing cervical lymph nodes are also summarized.
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Parapharyngeal tumors ug - 01.08.2016 - prof.s.gobalakrishnan
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Sch 43 surgical management of tumors of the foramen magnum
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neck swelling.pptx
- 1. Neck swelling & cervical lymphadenopathy Dr. Nabarun Biswas Registrar Surgery MMCH
- 3. Classification: • Cystic • Solid Midline • Cystic • Solid Lateral
- 4. Midline cystic swelling • Ranula • Dermoid • Sub hyoid bursa • Thyroglossal cyst • Cyst in isthmus • Cold abscess
- 6. Midline solid swelling •Submental •Pre laryngeal •Pre tracheal Lymphnode Thyroid isthmus
- 7. Lateral neck swelling • Sub mandibular triangle • Carotid triangle • Posterior triangle
- 8. Sub mandibular triangle • Plunging ranula • Sublingual dermoid • Retention cyst of salivary gland Cystic • Submandibular gland • tumour • Sialolithiasis • sialitis • lymphnode Solid
- 10. Carotid triangle • Branchial cyst • Cold abscess • Carotid aneurism • laryngocele Cystic • Carotid body tumor • Lymphnode • Thyroid swelling • Sternomastoid tumor Solid Posterior triangle
- 12. Posterior triangle • Cystic 1. Cystic hygroma 2. Solitary lymphatic cyst 3. Cold abscess 4. Pharyngeal pouch • Solid 1. Lymph node 2. Cervical rib
- 14. Cold abscess
- 15. Swelling anywhere in the neck •Sebaceous cyst •Lipoma •Fibroma •Neurofibroma •Hemangioma
- 16. Neck swelling that moves with deglutition • Thyroid swelling • Cyst of isthmus or thyroid • Ectopic thyroid • Thyroglossal cyst • Sub hyoid bursa • Laryngocele • Pre tracheal lymph node
- 17. Rule of 80 in neck swelling • 80% Neck swelling are lateral • 80% lateral Neck swelling are nodal • 80% nodal Neck swelling ↓ 40 year is due to inflammatory • 80% nodal Neck swelling ↑ 40 year is due to malignancy • 80% of malignant swelling are squamous cell ca • 80% neoplastic Neck swelling seen in male • 80% malignant Neck swelling are metastatic • 80% metastasis occurs from above clavicle
- 21. Causes of lymphadenopathy Acute Acute pyogenic ALL Acute infectious mononucleosis Chronic Inflammatory Specific nonspecific Neoplastic Primary Secondary Autoimmune disorder