This document discusses three types of rubber: natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and neoprene rubber. Natural rubber comes from latex and trees, was used by ancient civilizations, and is used today mainly for tires and hoses. Synthetic rubber is made from petroleum, was invented in 1909 as a cheaper alternative to natural rubber, and accounts for two-thirds of rubber production today. Neoprene is a synthetic rubber made from chloroprene polymerization that is chemically stable over a wide temperature range and used for products like wetsuits and boots.
Natural Rubber - Sources, Coagulation & Processing of Coagulate, Structure & ...Geevarghese George
Sources, Plantation Economy
Coagulation & Processing of Coagulate
Structure & Composition
Properties of raw NR
Compounding, Processing of NR
Properties of NR vulcanizates
Uses of NR
Competitive products of NR
Natural Rubber - Sources, Coagulation & Processing of Coagulate, Structure & ...Geevarghese George
Sources, Plantation Economy
Coagulation & Processing of Coagulate
Structure & Composition
Properties of raw NR
Compounding, Processing of NR
Properties of NR vulcanizates
Uses of NR
Competitive products of NR
Rubber Processing and Profiting: Compounding, Mixing, Vulcanization, Extrusio...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Methods for processing rubber include mastication and various operations like mixing, calendering, extrusion, all processes being essential to bring crude rubber into a state suitable for shaping the final product. The former breaks down the polymer chains, and lowers their molecular mass so that viscosity is low enough for further processing. After this has been achieved, various additions can be made to the material ready for cross-linking. Rubber may be masticated on a two-roll mill or in an industrial mixer, which come in different types.
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Basic compounding and processing of rubber, Business guidance for rubber processing, Business guidance for rubber compounding, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan on Rubber, Business start-up, How is rubber made?, How to Start a Rubber business?, How to Start a Rubber Production Business, How to start a successful Rubber Processing business, How to Start Rubber processing Business, How to Start Rubber Processing Industry in India, Manufacture of Rubber Products, Most Profitable Rubber Processing Business Ideas, Natural Rubber Processing Line, Natural rubber processing method, Natural Rubber Processing, New small scale ideas in Rubber processing industry, Opportunities in Rubber industries for new business, Processing and Profiting from Rubber, Processing methods for rubber materials, Profitable Rubber Business Ideas Small Scale Manufacturing, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rubber Manufacturing, Rubber and Rubber Products, Rubber based Industries processing, Rubber Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rubber business plan, Rubber Chemistry, Rubber compounding, Rubber Compounding & Mixing, Rubber compounding ingredients, Rubber compounding method, Rubber compounding process, Rubber compounding technology, Rubber Extrusion, Rubber mixing process, Rubber Mixing, Rubber Principles, Rubber processing, Rubber Processing & Rubber Based Profitable Projects, Rubber Processing and Profiting, Rubber Processing Business, Rubber Processing Industry in India, Rubber processing methods, Rubber Processing Projects, Rubber processing technology, Rubber Products manufacturing, Rubber Products, Rubber technology, Rubber Technology and Manufacturing Process of Rubber Products, Rubber Vulcanization, Rubbers processing technology, Setting up of Rubber Processing Units, Small scale manufacturing business in rubber industry, Small Scale Rubber Processing Projects, Small scale Rubber production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Starting a Rubber Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rubber Processing, Steps in processing of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber compounds, Vulcanized rubber properties, Rubber processing and compounding
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
Short Description related to the rubber filler properties and Rubber filler types ( Reinforcing fillers, Semi- reinforcing fillers and Non-reinforcing fillers). e.g.:- Carbon Black, Silica, Calcium Carbonate, Clay and Miscellaneous Fillers
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
Rubber Processing and Profiting: Compounding, Mixing, Vulcanization, Extrusio...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Methods for processing rubber include mastication and various operations like mixing, calendering, extrusion, all processes being essential to bring crude rubber into a state suitable for shaping the final product. The former breaks down the polymer chains, and lowers their molecular mass so that viscosity is low enough for further processing. After this has been achieved, various additions can be made to the material ready for cross-linking. Rubber may be masticated on a two-roll mill or in an industrial mixer, which come in different types.
See more
http://goo.gl/jMs5qF
http://goo.gl/eUrr6y
http://goo.gl/MxxyTW
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Basic compounding and processing of rubber, Business guidance for rubber processing, Business guidance for rubber compounding, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan on Rubber, Business start-up, How is rubber made?, How to Start a Rubber business?, How to Start a Rubber Production Business, How to start a successful Rubber Processing business, How to Start Rubber processing Business, How to Start Rubber Processing Industry in India, Manufacture of Rubber Products, Most Profitable Rubber Processing Business Ideas, Natural Rubber Processing Line, Natural rubber processing method, Natural Rubber Processing, New small scale ideas in Rubber processing industry, Opportunities in Rubber industries for new business, Processing and Profiting from Rubber, Processing methods for rubber materials, Profitable Rubber Business Ideas Small Scale Manufacturing, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rubber Manufacturing, Rubber and Rubber Products, Rubber based Industries processing, Rubber Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rubber business plan, Rubber Chemistry, Rubber compounding, Rubber Compounding & Mixing, Rubber compounding ingredients, Rubber compounding method, Rubber compounding process, Rubber compounding technology, Rubber Extrusion, Rubber mixing process, Rubber Mixing, Rubber Principles, Rubber processing, Rubber Processing & Rubber Based Profitable Projects, Rubber Processing and Profiting, Rubber Processing Business, Rubber Processing Industry in India, Rubber processing methods, Rubber Processing Projects, Rubber processing technology, Rubber Products manufacturing, Rubber Products, Rubber technology, Rubber Technology and Manufacturing Process of Rubber Products, Rubber Vulcanization, Rubbers processing technology, Setting up of Rubber Processing Units, Small scale manufacturing business in rubber industry, Small Scale Rubber Processing Projects, Small scale Rubber production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Starting a Rubber Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rubber Processing, Steps in processing of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber, Vulcanization of rubber compounds, Vulcanized rubber properties, Rubber processing and compounding
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
Short Description related to the rubber filler properties and Rubber filler types ( Reinforcing fillers, Semi- reinforcing fillers and Non-reinforcing fillers). e.g.:- Carbon Black, Silica, Calcium Carbonate, Clay and Miscellaneous Fillers
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
Elastomeric materials that meet tough challenges
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Author: Dr. Banja Junhasavasdikul
Published: August 2022
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Rubber is a miracle elastomeric material for which there are hardly any alternatives
because of its elastomeric properties. Natural rubber and synthetic rubbers have been
developed to serve man-kind in sealing, transporting, conveying and containing solid, liquid
and gas that other materials find difficult to do.
How could we live in this world without rubber? How would we drive our cars without
rubber? Rubber products are everywhere and offer practical solutions for a wide variety of
design challenges.
Reinforced rubber products combine a rubber matrix and a reinforcement material so that high rates of strength and flexibility can be achieved. The reinforcing material, usually a type of fiber, provides strength and rigidity. The rubber matrix, with low strength and rigidity, provides air-fluid tightness and supports the reinforcement materials to maintain their relative positions. These positions are of great importance as they influence the resulting mechanical properties.
Rubber and textiles have been used together, each working in combination to deliver performance in a wide range of applications, since the early days of the rubber industry in the most developed areas of the world.
For many years, sizable rubber companies, using textile reinforcement, employed their own textile technologist working alongside rubber technologists. But in the last third of the 20th century, faced with global competition and the need to control and reduce total costs, this luxury has practically disappeared, as well as large companies (especially tire companies). Most organizations now rely on their textile suppliers to provide technical knowledge and experience. As a result, the textile component for many applications is now considered in the same way as other raw materials, that is, as an existing product, which only requires introduction into the manufacturing process, without any special knowledge or understanding, and is supplied with an agreed specification, which was probably drawn up by the textile manufacturer.
Chemistry of plastics, rubber and resinsrita martin
Plastics any synthetic or semi-synthetic organic material includes chains of carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. Rubber elastic substance divided into two groups natural, synthetic rubber. Resin is a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon secreted many plants
Chapter - 3, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Science, Class 8Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Science, Class 8
FIBRES AND FABRICS
TYPES OF FIBRES
NATURAL FIBRES
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
RAYON
NYLON
POLYESTER
ACRYLIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES
PLASTICS
TYPES OF PLASTICS
THERMOPLASTICS
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
SOME USES OF PLASTICS
BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES
NON - BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES
PLASTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
PREVENTION OF PLASTICS
3 R PRINCIPLE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. NATURAL
RUBBER
HISTORY
• Discovered by the mayans and aztecs.
• Banned in the 15th century.
• La Condamine rediscovered it in 1735.
• It was a success in Europe.
• In 1791 it was first commercialized.
7. SYNTHETIC RUBBER
HISTORY
• Created in 1909 by Fritz Hofmann.
• Similar structure to natural rubber.
• People were very pleased.
• Cheaper than natural rubber.
• 2/3 of today’s rubber is synthetic.
8. SYNTHETIC RUBBER
PROPERTIES
• Solid, flexible, durable.
• It hardens when it’s cooled.
• It can be molded when
heated.
• Resistant to heat, light and
chemicals.
• Heat and electrical
insulator.
9. SYNTHETIC RUBBER
USES
• Car tires.
• Flexible rubber toys.
• Paint.
• Shoe soles.
• Rubber gloves.
• Tubes and hoses.
10. NEOPRENE
DESCRIPTION AND PROPERTIES
• Synthetic rubber.
• It’s produced by polymerization
of chloroprene.
• It has good chemical stability.
• Flexible over a wide temperature range.
• It is colourless.
• Resistant to sun, climate and ozone
deterioration.
11. NEOPRENE
ORIGINS AND HISTORY
• It was invented by DuPont scientist
(1930).
• First name: DuPrene.
• It smelled bad and was expensive.
• Problems were solved and was a
success.
• It name was changed to neoprene.
12. NEOPRENE
RECLYCLING
• Waste burying techniques.
• Incineration.
• Some brands do recycling processes.
• Using old neoprene to create shoes,
t-shirts…
