This document discusses the rise of nationalism and imperialism in Europe between 1860 and 1914. It explains that nationalism emerged strongly after the French Revolution and involved pride in one's nation. Some forms of nationalism were civic and inclusive while others were ethnic and exclusionary. Nationalism intensified conflicts between European powers as countries unified into nation states like Germany and Italy through wars. Many European nations also pursued imperialism and colonized Africa and Asia, largely for economic and strategic reasons but also due to feelings of racial and cultural superiority. This competition for colonies exacerbated tensions between European powers and ultimately contributed to the start of World War 1 in the Balkans due to conflicts between national groups like Serbia and regional powers like Austria-Hungary and their allies

1. 1860-1914
Modern World History: Nations and Empires1
Nations and Empires

2. What is nationalism?
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 Nationalism is a ____________of
strong pride in your _______, or
country.
 We call it _________in America.
 People are patriotic when they fly
the ________.
 We tend to think patriotism is a
_______ feeling. That is not
always true in the past.

3. Nationalism really began with the….
French Revolution
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1. Most French were
_______ of what they
did. They overthrew
their king and formed a
________ government
2. The French
people had freed
themselves of cruel
_______ and
wanted to see their
revolution spread to
countries that still
had strong kings.
3. When the French went to war with Austria,
________, and _______, their pride in their
nation became stronger.
Marseillaise

4. Two types of nationalism
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1. Civic nationalism. Some countries, such _____
and the ________, felt proud of their countries’
democratic and open principles (their
nationalism appeals to everyone).
2. Ethnic nationalism. In some countries, like
Germany, Italy, and _______ , nationalists felt a
bond of “blood,” a conviction that they had a `_
culture, history, or language that make them
unique and better than others; these countries
were less democratic (the nationalism appeals
only to certain people).
Serb nationalists
confront US soldiers in
2008.

5. Nationalism became stronger in
Europe after 1860
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 Nationalists in Italy and ___________ started
wars to bring together tiny territories into a
unified country.
 These new ________-states were proud of
their strength.
 Governments encouraged nationalism so that
people would want to join the ____________.
 The flipside of nationalism was negative
attitudes toward some other countries (and
minorities within their borders).

6. Modern World History: Nations and Empires6
Germany
Nationalism in
Germany and Italy
simplified the map
in parts of Europe.

7. What is imperialism?
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 Imperialism is related to
the word empire.
Imperialists feel that their
nation should __________
another country’s land.
 Imperialism is the
feeling__ that “my
________ is better than
yours.”
 Britain had the largest
empire in history. Other
countries wanted their own
2 Symbols
of Britain’s
empire

8. Similarities between nationalism and
imperialism
• Nationalists and imperialists
both wanted to __________
their countries by taking
more ________.
• After nationalists ran out of
room to expand in Europe,
they competed for land
(___________) in other
countries.
• Nationalists and imperialists
felt r_______________
superiority to the countries
they wanted to conquer.
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9. The continent most influenced by
imperialism was AFRICA___
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 In 1870, 10% of Africa
was controlled by
Europe.
 By 1914, more than
90% was controlled by
EUROPE.
 France came into
conflict with
ENGLAND.
 GERMANY_ came into
conflict with both
France and England.

10. Britain’s Empire was the biggest.
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 Britain controlled…
 one quarter of the
earth.
 …an entire continent
(AUSTRALIA)
 …a huge Asian
country (INDIA_)
 …Egypt and the Suez
CANAL__.
 America’s biggest
neighbor (CANADA_)

11. Germany wanted an empire as
strong as Britain’s empire
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Germany got
little land in
Africa
compared to
Britain and
France, so
Germany built
a navy to
assert itself.
Germany’s navy worried
Britain, so Britain increased
the size of its navy.
Click for the
Deutschlandlied (German
national anthem)

12. French Empire
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 France lost power in Europe
because of the rise of
_________. It wanted empires
to make up for this loss.
 France did not want to be left
out of the ___________for
Africa.
 France remembered the great
days of the French
_________________, 100 years
earlier.
 When Britain began to take over
________ Africa, France built

13. Even Italy wanted an empire
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 As ____________ and _____________became strong
countries, Italy wanted to show the world by creating a
strong empires too.
 Italy wanted a land empire in Africa as strong as the
________ Empire 2,000 years ago!
 In 1911, Italy took Libya from the Ottoman Empire. This was
the first war in which bombs were dropped (by Italy) on
people from airplanes.
Italy’s
Empire in
1914
Compare the size
of Italy to its
empire in Africa

14. Belgium’s slave empire
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 King __________ II
personally bought the
Congo (1/6 of Africa) to
grow ___________.
Rubber was needed in
factories for
automobile___________.
 He used millions of
Africans as slaves and
cut off their _______if
they did not work hard
enough.
 ________ took over the
empire from Leopold in
Belgian Congo

15. King Leopold had his own empire; he produced
rubber to sell to tire makers
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16. Austria’s
empire was
different
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• Austria was an
empire____________
Europe.
• It consisted of different
nations ___________ its
borders (called
__________________)
• These nationalities included
• __________________
• __________________
• Poles
• Czechs
• In Austria’s parliament,
11 different languages
were spoken, and there
were no

17. Austria was weakened by its nationalities
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• Some nationalities in
Austria were friends with
Austria’s enemies!
Especially the ______.
• Some nationalities just
wanted their own
governments and to
_______ themselves.
• Nationalities in Southeast
Europe fought violent wars
with each other in 1912-
1913.
• Four small countries want to
take over land as the
Ottoman Empire lost its
power.
• World War One resulted
because of conflicts

18. Why did European countries want
empires?
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1. __________ reasons
CONTROL OF
RESOURCES.
Leopold II of Belgium
wanted rubber in the
Congo, for example.
TRADE. Britain
wanted to buy
___________ from
India and wanted to
sell opium (drugs) to
African miners dig gold in South Africa.

19. Modern World History: Nations and Empires19
2. ___________ reasons
 Countries felt they
would be left behind
if they did not create
their own empire.
 Control of strategic
(very important)
places such as the
_________ Canal
(Britain needed the
canal for its trade in
Why did European countries want
empires?
Everyone wanted a
piece of the globe.

20. Why did European countries want
empires?
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3.
_________________REASO
NS
European people took land
because they felt
___________________ to
(better than) non-European
people. They emphasized
differences of
 Color (black vs. white)
 Language
 Religion
 Racism: Some Europeans
thought they were
________________________
(PHYSICALLY) better than

21. What was the result of imperialism
(1): Within colonies
Positives Negatives
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1. Railroads
2. Hospitals
3. Industry
4. Improved education
5. Modern
communications
1. Removal of local
_________
2. ________________
spread everywhere.
Europeans believed they
were
________________to
land and resources.
3. ______________broke
out among the countries
of Europe as they fought
each other for

22. What was the result of imperialism
(2): Conflict between empires
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 Conflicts between
empires
 Russia vs. Japan
 Russia vs. Britain
(India, Persia)
 Britain vs. France
(Africa)
 Germany vs. Britain
(over navy)
 Etc.
 New, deadlier
technology was
developed for fighting
wars
 Machine guns
 Accurate guns
 Submarines
 Wireless
communication
 Airplanes
 Dirigibles (Zeppelins)
 Trucks…

23. Summary
How new nations were formed in Europe, 1850-
1914: Italy, Germany, and the Balkans
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24. Italy
With French
help, Italy was
formed…
• By unifying
small states
on Italian
peninsula in a
series of
_______
• By taking
lands held by
___________
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25. Germany
Under Prussian
leadership, Germany
was unified in several
_______
As a result, Germany
was created from
lands taken from
• Denmark
• Austria
• _________
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France never quite got over its
loss of land in 1871.

26. Balkan nations: First step
• Throughout the 1800s,
the Ottoman Empire
got ____________
• Nationalities fought
wars to take land from
the Ottomans to create
new ___________:
• ________
• Plus Bulgaria,
Romania, Albania,
and Greece
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27. Balkan nations: Second step –
Serbian expansion
Of these new nations,
SERBIA
1. tried to expand its
lands by taking parts
of Bulgaria and
Albania
2. Serbia also wanted to
unite Serbs living in
____________ and
used well-organized
terror to attack the
Austrian empire.
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Russia supported Serbia in its
conflicts with Austria.

28. World War 1 Started in the
Balkans
1. France was still upset
about loss of land in
1871
2. Russia and Austria
competed for control of
the Balkans
3. Russia supported
________________
national struggle
against Austria. This
led to conflict involving
_________ (on
Austria’s side) and
France and England
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