The document summarizes the key technological developments and social changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, including innovations in coal, iron, steam power, and manufacturing that increased efficiency of production. It also discusses population growth, urbanization, labor movements, changing family structures, and the spread of industrialization to Western nations and later to countries like Japan, Russia, and the United States.

1. The Industrial Revolution: Did this benefit our world? AP World History Richard Smart Oakland Mills High School

2. Metanarratives… How do we explain the 19 th Century? Revolution, Liberalism, Conservatism & nationalism Industrialization Urbanization Transportation Communication Imperialism Colonialism Darwinism Progress

3. Technology Coal: Inexhaustible fuel supply. Efficient in the form of coke. Iron & Steel: Darby Family, Bessemer Process, Strong building blocks Steam Engine: James Watt Inexhaustible power. Factory System: Efficient production Engineering: Man overcoming nature.

4. Communications Steamships: Global transportation Railways: Efficient transportation on land for people and goods. Telegraph: Instant global communication Newspapers: Increased literacy. Democratic knowledge

5. Demographic & Environmental Population Growth: Decreased mortality Decreased fertility Urbanization Urbanization: Water pollution Air pollution Public Works

6. Social & Gender Structures Labor Movements: Labor Unions Child Labor Women’s labor Working hours Classes: Marxism Big Business Middle Class Working Class Industrial Family: Independent Long hours Married Women at home Working Children

7. Comparative Industrialization: Great Britain 1700s Belgium Early 1800s Japan After 1860 Russia Late 1800s USA 1820s France 1830s Germany 1840s But, What about China & India?