The road to wwi
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The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1 in 3 points: 1. Rivalries and tensions within the alliance system in Europe increased the risk of war breaking out. Countries formed alliances that put them against each other and tensions rose due to imperialist rivalries over colonies and territory. 2. Internal dissent and unrest within countries from groups like communists, socialists, and labor unions added to tensions and instability in European societies. 3. As tensions rose, countries engaged in militarism and a buildup of their armed forces through conscription and increasing the size of their militaries, which further increased the risk of war.
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The Great Depression had devastating impacts on Germany after the Wall Street crash of 1929. Unemployment skyrocketed to over 6 million and many Germans lost their homes and livelihoods. Ordinary citizens suffered tremendously with no work and little food or money. This humiliation and hardship turned people against the ineffective Weimar government. Raising taxes and cutting wages to deal with the crisis only made matters worse. As living standards declined and disagreements rose within the ruling coalition, faith in the Weimar Republic collapsed and new political alternatives like the Nazis gained popularity by promising solutions.
Higher history revision notes - germany 1815-1939
The document provides context and revision notes on Germany from 1815 to 1939. It summarizes the key obstacles to German unification between 1815 and 1850, including divisions among nationalist groups over aims, Austrian strength blocking reforms, German princes not wanting to lose power, religious differences between northern Protestant and southern Catholic states, and economic differences between Prussia and Austria fueling rivalry. The masses, mainly peasants, took little interest in politics as they were more focused on social reforms over political change.
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Geschiedenis the collapse of communism reunification
- The collapse of East Germany began in 1989 with Hungary opening its border with Austria, allowing hundreds of East Germans to flee to the West. Mass protests in East Germany escalated in October 1989, leading to Honecker's removal from power. On November 9th, 1989, the Berlin Wall was opened when border guards allowed East Berliners to cross freely into West Berlin.
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This document provides an overview of key events in early Nazi Germany from 1919 to 1929:
1. It outlines the founding of the Nazi party and highlights from their 25-point programme.
2. It describes Hitler's failed Munich Putsch of 1923 and how he used the subsequent trial to publicize the party.
3. It explains how the Nazis organized and expanded their propaganda efforts from 1924-1929 to appeal especially to the middle class, targeting their fears and grievances.
4. Despite these efforts, the Nazis struggled to gain widespread popularity and support during the relatively stable years under the Weimar Republic's Stresemann era.
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This document discusses the rise of fascist dictatorships in Germany and Italy after World War 1. It describes how Germany's economy collapsed due to war debts and hyperinflation in the 1920s, leading to widespread unemployment and unrest. This created an opening for Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party, which rose to power in 1933 on a nationalist platform opposing the Treaty of Versailles and promising to restore Germany's power and territory. Once in power, Hitler established a totalitarian police state and began systematically persecuting Jews and other minority groups.
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2) The German government struggled to respond and cut unemployment benefits, public spending, and pensions exacerbating problems.
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The cartoon depicts Hitler dressed as Santa Claus attempting to lure countries like Austria and Czechoslovakia into his sack by portraying himself as trustworthy, but with the intent of capturing them to increase his power. It uses the metaphor of Santa to represent how Hitler was deceiving countries into believing he meant no harm, while he actually had imperialist ambitions. The countries are depicted as children to show them as naive and vulnerable to Hitler's tricks. The cartoon comments on how Hitler had already taken Austria during the Anschluss and would continue taking other countries to build the Third Reich.
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The document discusses several social and economic factors that influenced the rise of the Nazi party in Germany following World War 1 and hyperinflation. It notes that the Nazis gained most support from the middle classes and Protestants, while the working classes tended to support socialists and communists instead. Younger people and women were also slightly more likely to support the Nazis due to the party's women's and youth organizations. However, the majority of Germans did not back the Nazis, and anti-Semitism in Germany may have been influenced by Nazi propaganda.
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As punishment for World War 1, Germany was required to pay massive reparations to the Allied powers. Germany struggled to pay and faced economic difficulties including hyperinflation in the early 1920s which destroyed lives and savings. The Great Depression in 1929 further hurt Germany with high unemployment boosting support for extremist groups like the Nazis who opposed the current government and promised change. However, other historians argue factors beyond just the economy influenced Nazi support.
Ss6 h7b cold war and german reunification
After WWII, Western Europe was occupied by the U.S., France, and UK while Eastern Europe, including parts of Germany, was occupied by the Soviet Union. Germany's capital, Berlin, was divided among the occupying countries. This led to the formation of opposing military alliances - NATO among Western countries and the Warsaw Pact among Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain. The division of Europe grew during the Cold War period of political and economic tensions between the capitalist West and communist East.
Unit 2 vocabulary
The document outlines key concepts and events from the 20th century, including:
- World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Treaty of Versailles which ended WWI and imposed penalties on Germany.
- The rise of Nazism under Adolf Hitler in Germany and the start of WWII in 1939 due to German and Japanese expansionism.
- Post-WWII included the Holocaust where Hitler systematically destroyed Jewish populations, and ghettos and concentration camps were used.
- The Cold War emerged as a struggle between communist USSR and capitalist US and allies over ideas of government, with each forming military alliances like NATO and the Truman Doctrine providing aid.
Unit 4 b vocabulary powerpoint[1]
1. The document outlines key concepts related to major 20th century events including World War I, the rise of Nazism in Germany, World War II, the Holocaust, and the Cold War between the Western powers and the Soviet Union.
2. It also discusses the postwar periods in Europe including the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union which led to German reunification.
3. Major topics covered include the world wars, rise of fascism in Germany, the Holocaust and Nazi persecution of Jews, establishment of superpowers after WWII, and tensions between Western democracies and the Soviet communist bloc known as the Cold War.
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World War I began as a local conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but quickly escalated into a global war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria to declare war on Serbia, pulling in allies on both sides due to a web of entangling alliances. Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France but it failed, resulting in years of bloody trench warfare on the Western Front. As the war dragged on with no clear winner, new military technologies like submarines threatened to shift the tide but also risked drawing more nations into the growing conflict.
Causes of world war i
World War I greatly changed Europe and the world. The Russian Revolution led to the establishment of communist Soviet Union. The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh terms on Germany including war reparations that damaged Germany's economy. The worldwide economic depression in the late 1920s increased unrest and nationalism, allowing the Nazi party to rise in Germany appealing to those dissatisfied with their current situation.
Industrial Reform1. Describe some of the living and working cond.docx
Industrial Reform
1. Describe some of the living and working conditions of the Industrial Revolution
2. Explain the trend towards urbanization during the second half of the 19
th
Century.
3. Evaluate the methods that reformers used to solve the problems of the Industrial Revolution.
Define / Identify
Mary Wollstonecraft Robert Owen Emmeline Pankhurst
John Stuart Mill David Ricardo Karl Marx Adam Smith
Nationalism in Europe
1. As Prime Minister of Sardinia, Count Camillo di Cavour stood for four principles. Name them.
2. What was Garibalbi’s main contribution to the unification of Italy?
3. How were Sardinia and Prussia similar in the movement of Nationalism?
4. Otto von Bismark’s policy of realpolitik meant that he:
5. Why was Prussia was eager to go to war with France in 1870?
6. Describe ways that Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were similar in the 1880s and 1890s.
7. List several of the many ethnic groups in Austria Hungary.
8. In 1876, Emperor Francis Joseph created the Dual Monarchy of Austria –Hungary to satisfy the demands of the ________.
9. Nationalism can serve as both a unifying and divisive force. Give examples of each in different parts of the world and explain what factors make it happen each way.
Imperialism
Terms to define / People to Know
Menelik II Muhammad Ali David Livingstone
Colony protectorate sphere of influence
Berlin Conference Matthew Perry Opium War
Banana republics Zulu Uprising Roosevelt Corollary
1. List examples for each of the following reasons for Imperialism:
A. political B. economic C. social
2. What theory was used by European imperialists to justify their exploitation of the native peoples in Asia, Africa, and the Americas?
3. List four results of reforms made during the Meiji period in Japan
4. What is the main reason that the Japanese began the Seclusion policy (keeping out Europeans)?
5. While most of Africa was under European control, which two countries maintained independence?
6. How did native peoples generally view European imperialism?
7. What did the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War have in common?
8. By 1914, what was the situation in the Ottoman Empire?
9. Explain the change in China’s attitude toward Imperialism and trade with the West from the 1600s to the 1800s.
10. What was unethical about the way that Great Britain opened trade with China?
11. What was the goal of the Boxers in China?
12. List three improvements the British made in India.
13. Explain why the Sepoy Rebellion occurred.
14. The Suez Canal was built by the combined efforts of what two countries?
15. How d.
Main causes of the great war
The document discusses the main causes of World War 1:
1. Militarism - European powers built up their armed forces in preparation for war from the 1870s onward. This included naval races to build modern battleships.
2. Alliances - Starting in the late 1800s, countries formed alliances that pledged military support if another member went to war. This included the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia. These alliances increased tensions and meant countries were pulled into war once it began.
3. Imperialism - European powers colonized Africa and Asia in the late 1800s to gain resources and markets. This competition
Consequences of the great war
The document summarizes the major consequences of World War 1 across political, economic, social, colonial, and international realms. Politically, four major European empires collapsed while new countries emerged from partitioned territories. Economically, Europe lost its global supremacy as the US benefited and took the lead. Socially, traditional norms were challenged and women gained new rights and roles. The League of Nations was formed to promote cooperation but lacked power without the US and defeated nations. Overall, the post-war treaties set the stage for renewed tensions in Europe.
World War I DBQ
This document discusses the underlying causes of World War 1, including militarism, nationalism, and imperialism. Militarism involved countries building up their armies before and during the war. Nationalism fostered pride in one's country and led soldiers to fight for their nation. Imperialism saw countries seeking to expand their power and influence, which caused conflicts between nations. Together, these long-building forces ultimately erupted into the total war of World War 1.
Unit 8, day 3 ppt
Based on the information provided, all four of the background causes contributed significantly to the outbreak of World War 1. However, the complex system of alliances seems to have been the most direct trigger. By binding countries to support their allies militarily, the alliances created a situation where a conflict between two countries could easily engulf all of Europe through a series of calls to honor treaty obligations.
I. A Modern WarUse of machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarin
I. A Modern War
Use of machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarines, zeppelins
Bigger, more accurate cannons
Barbed-wire, phosphorous shells, mustard gas
Targeting of civilian populations
10 million soldiers die; 7 million civilians
20 million wounded
58% casualty rate
Massive influenza epidemic kills 50 million more worldwide (3% of global population)
II. Domestic Impacts of The Great War
Greater Power for Executives
Boon to Certain Industries and Corporations
Further Decline for Landed Aristocracy
Gains For Labor Unions
Great Migration in United States
Debt, Inflations, Taxes
Women in Workforce; in Political Causes of the War
Propaganda
Committee on Public Information
April 1917 Woodrow Wilson creates Committee on Public Information (CPI), headed by George Creel
75 million pamphlets distributed
Ads, Posters, Movies
Four-Minute Men
Represented U.S. as beacon of freedom, juxtaposed with tyranny of Germany
Targeted war protestors, represented Germans as animals
Function of unpopularity of war and possibilities of the new mass media and technology
III.Paris Peace Conference (1919)
Immediate Impacts:
*Germany Humiliated, Punished, Forced to Accept Blame
*Loses its Colonies
*Self-Determination in Europe: Create New States (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary)
*League of Nations Created But Weak
* Mandates Established in Middle East
*Japan shut out of negotiations
*Ho Chi Minh Ignored
Versailles Treaty: A Shameful End to a Shameful War
Europe After World War I
Middle East after World War I
Question of Russia…
Not present at Paris Peace Conference
Viewed as threat to global order
Communist
Anti-imperialist
Refused to honor Russian treaties or debts
The World War I Era
Causes
Course of the War
Domestic Impacts
Impacts Geopolitically
“A World Safe for Democracy”
The Lost Utopia….
I. Causes of “The Great War”
“The Long Fuse”
Nationalism: Inclusion/Exclusion
Imperialist Rivalries in Africa, Asia, Europe
Industrialization
Militarism: German vs. British naval race; European Powers double spending, 1890-1914
Causes Continued…
Internal Dissent
France (1906-09): massive strikes held; massive electoral gains for Left in 1914
Germany: 1912 Socialists largest group in Reichstag
Russia: 1912-1914 massive wave of violent strikes
**war to calm social tensions and build unity; need our own “splendid little war”
And Yet More Causes….
Rigid Alliance system
Security in alliances—makes cost of aggression high as attacking one means attacking their allies
But only works if aggressor true fears, and makes a small war into a big war
Technology and Mobilization
Complicated schedules of troop movements
Once started, hard to stop
Fear your foe is doing so too
II. War Begins: The Long Fuse Explodes
June 28, 1914
Franz Ferdinand
Austria mobilizes against Serbia
Russia mobilizes against Austria
1914: Central Powers vs. the Entente Powers
III. The Course of the W ...
Unit 3 - General Topic Overview
The document provides information about National History Day and the Bronx Lab School's History Day contest. It outlines 5 steps for students to participate, including picking a general topic related to one of the 20th century wars or revolutions, choosing a specific topic to research, and presenting their learning through a research paper, exhibit, documentary, or website. It then provides background context on some major historical events and eras leading up to the 20th century. Finally, it gives overviews of the four general topic areas for the contest - World War I, the Russian Revolution, World War II, and the Cold War - listing when each occurred, the main participants, and a brief explanation of why each war or conflict took place.
1. Long Term Causes of WW1.pptx
World War I was caused by long-term tensions in Europe that built up over decades prior to 1914. There was rising nationalism among European powers which increased rivalry and tensions. Countries formed alliances that entangled them in a web of defense agreements, and a system of alliances pulled the major powers into war in August 1914 when fighting broke out in the Balkans. The war resulted in over 20 million deaths and changed the world order.
Final exam review
- The document discusses an exam for a class that is worth 69 points and is due on June 5th. Students who score 90% or higher will be exempt from the final exam.
- It also provides questions about historical events and ideologies such as the Protestant Reformation, Absolutism, and causes of the French Revolution.
- There are matching questions that pair inventions with their inventors such as the telephone with Alexander Graham Bell and dynamite with Alfred Nobel.
Ottoman empire
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by European powers into new Middle Eastern countries. However, the boundaries drawn by European politicians did not account for ethnic and religious groups living in the region, sowing conflict that continues today as various groups try to coexist within artificially constructed states.
8 Austerity Withdraw From Empire
The document discusses post-World War 2 Europe, specifically the economic devastation in Britain and challenges facing the British Empire as it withdrew from colonies. It also covers France clinging to its empire in the face of growing nationalist movements. The Marshall Plan provided billions in aid to revive Western European economies and stabilize their political systems, countering Soviet influence. However, Britain squandered opportunities seeking to maintain great power status. The 1956 Suez Crisis marked the end of British and French dominance in the Middle East.
Europe Cause Of Wwi Iss
Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances all contributed to the causes of World War I. Nationalistic sentiments led countries to build up their armies and navies in competition. Imperialism and the scramble for African colonies caused disputes over territory. An arms race developed as countries increased their militarization. Finally, countries formed alliances that divided Europe into opposing factions, setting the stage for a major conflict.
World War 1 Causes And Effects Essay
The document discusses the causes of World War 1. It identifies some of the key long-term causes as militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Specifically, it argues that nationalism contributed to the war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, while alliances and imperialism increased tensions between European powers as they competed for territory and economic dominance. Militarism also played a role as countries increased military spending and preparedness in the decades leading up to the war.
QUICK REVIEW -History of Europe
This document provides a quick review of key terms and events related to European history from World War II through the end of the Cold War, including:
- Stalin led the Soviet Union during WWII and introduced communism, which emphasizes equal sharing of work and rewards.
- The Cold War period saw political non-cooperation between the US and Soviet Union. The Iron Curtain divided Eastern and Western Europe.
- Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 and decreased Soviet military spending, leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union into 15 countries in 1991.
Russian Revolutions
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of the revolutions in Russia. It describes how dissatisfaction with the czarist regime led to the 1905 revolution due to poverty, oppression, and military defeats. This was followed by the 1917 revolutions which overthrew the provisional government and brought the Bolsheviks led by Lenin to power, establishing the Soviet Union. Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy to help economic recovery but it was replaced by Stalin's policies of rapid industrialization, collectivization of agriculture, and violent repression of opposition.
Major turning points in ww1
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a major turning point in WWI. Growing unrest over food shortages and casualties from the war led to revolution in Russia, forcing Czar Nicholas II to abdicate. Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized power and took Russia out of WWI. This allowed Germany to shift troops to the Western Front. The entrance of the United States into the war in 1917 was another major turning point. With the addition of fresh American troops and supplies, the Allies were able to break through German lines by August 1918, leading Germany to sign an armistice agreement on November 11th to end the war.
Unit 5 The Imperialism and the IWW
The document provides an overview of imperialism and World War 1. It discusses how European powers colonized parts of Asia and Africa in the late 19th century, forming colonial empires. This led to tensions as the powers competed for territory and resources. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark for World War 1 to break out. The war involved all the major powers and was fought across multiple fronts and phases until the Allied powers defeated the Central powers. The peace settlement imposed harsh terms on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict.
Unit 8 the first world war and the russian revolution
The document summarizes key events in Russia between 1871-1914 and during the Russian Revolution of 1917. It describes how Russia was an absolute monarchy in the late 19th century with a semi-feudal economy. Involvement in World War 1 exacerbated Russia's political and economic problems and led to two revolutions in 1917 - the February Revolution replaced the Tsar with a provisional government, while the October Revolution brought the Bolsheviks to power under Lenin. After a civil war, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union, implementing the first communist state based on a single-party dictatorship of the proletariat.
Similar to The road to wwi (20)
Industrial Reform1. Describe some of the living and working cond.docx
Industrial Reform1. Describe some of the living and working cond.docx
I. A Modern WarUse of machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarin
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More from yvettefraga
The world between wars and drives for empire@2011 04-13 t22;14;33
This document summarizes the rise of militarism and dictatorships in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the aftermath of World War I and leading up to World War II. It describes how Germany was economically devastated by WWI and reparations, leading to unrest and hyperinflation that helped Hitler and the Nazis rise to power. It outlines Italy's turn to fascism under Mussolini and Japan's increasing militarism and expansion into China in the 1930s. All three countries were led by military dictators seeking to rebuild their empires through conquest, setting the stage for WWII.
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The document summarizes the key events of the American Revolution from the 13 colonies in 1750 through the establishment of the U.S. Constitution. It describes the growing tensions between the 13 colonies and Britain over issues like taxation without representation that led the colonies to declare independence and fight the Revolutionary War. It concludes by noting how the Revolution influenced later movements like the French Revolution and Latin American revolutions.
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The document discusses three major revolutions in history: the Glorious Revolution in England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. It traces the political developments in England that led to increased tensions between the monarchy and parliament, including the Protestant Reformation under Henry VIII and the establishment of parliamentary supremacy. This laid the groundwork for the eventual Glorious Revolution in 1688, where the monarchy was replaced by a constitutional monarchy with a Bill of Rights that emphasized individual liberties and the separation of powers.
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Industrial revolution (2)
The document discusses the key reasons why England was the first country to industrialize:
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2) Agricultural improvements led to more food and a growing population. Land enclosures forced peasants into cities to work in factories.
3) The government did not interfere with the free market, allowing inventors and entrepreneurs to develop new technologies and businesses to drive industrialization.
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The document discusses European colonial rule from 1884-1898, noting that France, Great Britain, and Belgium colonized the most areas in Africa and dividing up 3.4% of the continent. It also discusses that the United States acquired the Philippines from Spain after the Spanish-American War of 1898 and gained Cuba and Puerto Rico. The learning objectives are to discuss the locations of colonial rule, explain imperialism from the perspectives of both colonizers and colonized, and describe the independence struggles of colonized regions.
Flash forward pa3!
After WWII, two superpowers emerged: the United States and the Soviet Union. The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan's surrender. At the Yalta Conference, the Allied leaders divided Germany, but the US and Soviets disagreed on its governance, beginning the Cold War between democratic and communist ideologies. The US established a containment policy through the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan to provide foreign aid and support European recovery to prevent the spread of communism.
Documents of democracy
The document lists principles from several important democratic documents throughout history:
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Cruise through periodic 2
The document discusses several topics related to World War 1 and its aftermath. It begins by discussing the Ottoman Empire's treatment of Armenians as a Christian minority, resulting in the deaths of 600,000 Armenians in a genocide from 1915-1916. It then covers Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points for establishing a post-war peace and the partial inclusion of his ideas in the eventual Treaty of Versailles. The document concludes by examining post-war disillusionment reflected in art of the Lost Generation and consequences of the Russian Revolution under Lenin and Stalin's totalitarian control of the Soviet Union.
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Matters of race handout
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The world between wars and drives for empire@2011 04-13 t22;14;33
The world between wars and drives for empire@2011 04-13 t22;14;33
The road to wwi
- 1. February 15, 2011 The Road to WWI
- 2. 2 Our objective SWBAT identify the causes of WWI
- 3. 3 Lets review… (packing for out trip) Which country was first to Industrialize? Why? What was the most significant development to during the industrial revolution? What did industrial powers do to get a hold of natural resources? Colonization led to increased ____________between European countries
- 4. 4 Review continued (loading up the car) So then they formed alliances Who made up the Triple Alliance? Who make up the Triple Entente?
- 5. 5 Lets hit the road!
- 6. 6 Destination Europe in the early 1900’s At the end of imperialism Nations are revolting Against their imperialist powers Lots of little nations Are getting their own countries The logic…
- 7. 7 Stop #1 Rivalries/alliance system in Europe Rivalries in Africa Early 20th Century
- 8. 8 Rivalries in Asia early 20th century
- 9. 9 Great Britain DOMINATES!
- 10. 10 The Balkans 1912-1913 These groups are fighting each other for more territory -Serbs-Rumaninas-Greeks-Turks
- 11. 11 I GOT YO BACK! Because of the Alliances Austria & Russia Increase tension Russia->Serbia Germany-> Austria
- 12. 12 One mo’ again! Cause number one Rivalries/alliance system in Europe Why did this develop?
- 13. 13 One more time What was the first cause of WWI?
- 14. 14 Back on the road to WWI
- 15. 15 What emerged because Capitalism is so EVIL?
- 16. 16 Communism Socialism Groups who were fighting the government Wanted to institute these other economic/government systems Communists Socialists Also, Labor Unions Causing chaos in society
- 17. 17 Stop # 2 Internal Dissent Groups within the country Fighting against those in power Who did I say was the source of internal strife?
- 18. 18 What did I say was the second cause?
- 19. 19 Back on the road!You better MOVE n GET OUT THE WAY!
- 20. 20 Lets take it back a sec What was the first cause of the War?
- 21. 21 Lets say if… You guys have each others back Tension is mounting! You know there maybe a fight brewing What are you going to do next?
- 22. 22 Build up your military! Go to your vocabulary What is the definition of militarism? These countries start building up their militaries
- 23. 23 Stop # 3 Increased Militarism Conscription-draft Militaries doubled Russian ->1.3 million men French & German->900,000 each British , Austrian, Italian-> 250,000-500,000
- 24. 24 STAY READY! STOP/Cause #3 Militarism Don’t just get ready But…
- 25. 25 So what are 3 of the causes of WWI?