3. Nationalism
To put it simply, nationalism can be the following :
● Being devoted to your country
● Respecting your culture and origins
● Showing loyalty to your nation
Being nationalistic can be many things, whether it be
being proud of your culture, showing the right respect
to your flag, and valuing your traditions and beliefs.
Moira
4. Stop France from invading other
lands, stop the spread of the
Enlightenment, establishment
of boundaries, emergence of
conservatives and liberals.
Philosophes were preventing another age of the power of
religion in politics and all the wars caused by it. However,
the French revolution ended the Enlightenment.
Nationalism in Europe
Jasmine
(Pg. 323)
5. Refresher Definitions :
Boundaries
an imaginary line separating one country or state
from another, portraying territory.
Enlightenment
Period
an intellectual movement in the eighteenth century
that revolved around reason over superstition and
science over faith.
Liberalism
a political philosophy about the rights of an
individual, “liberty” (being free away from oppressive
circumstances), equality before the law, etc.
Mark
6. Leila
● Boundaries around France
- Formation of Switzerland and Netherland
● Restoration of monarchies in Spain (as well as
Portugal and Sardinia)
- Return of Pope in Papal States (state of the church), Traditional institutions of
governance (example : aristocracy)
● German Confederation (39 states)
- Most notable : Prussia and Austria
● Concert of Europe
- a general agreement between Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria (Quadruple
Alliance/Great Powers) to maintain their power and territory through the usage of
their armies if needed, and to keep political boundaries and their sphere of influence.
7. CONCEPTS FOR TODAY
Spain, Italy, Russia, Greece,
France, Austria, Germany,
Belgium, Poland
Kingdoms being under
the control of different
countries/kings.
The attempts to unify their
states under the German
Confederation
Uprisings in Europe Italy Germany
Jasmine
8. Uprising of Nationalism in Europe
Ottomans Balkan Valley
Greeks
Abolition of
Serfdom
Leila
Had several territories
throughout Europe but
eventually declined.
Revolted against the Turks
with the help of Britain,
France, and Russia. Greece
declared its independence
in 1829
Center of many uprisings,
becoming the center of
territorial disputes over
colonies of Russia, Austria,
and Britain.
Feudalism was slowly
abolished by 1861 and was
replaced by the liberal
constitution.
10. Mark
KINGDOMS IN ITALY
Austria Lombardy and Venetia
Spain Naples and Sicily
Pope of Rome Papal (Church) States
Italian King Piedmont and Sardinia
11. In the Unification of Italy, also known as the
Risorgimento Movement/Resurgence, secret groups
were being formed by nationalists such as the
movement of Young Italy by Guiseppe Mazzini (1832).
When Italy tried to have political reformations,
conservatives and the Austrians intervened causing
it to fail. The only hope Italy had left was the Sardinia-
Piedmont kingdom and especially their king Victor
Emmanuel II.
Leila
Unification of Italy
12. Appointing Count Camillo di Cavour as prime minister
was one of the best things Victor could do that ignited
the unification of Italy. He made alliances with France
against Austria for Lombardy and inspired many other
Italians to revolt like the Red Shirt group under
Giuseppe Garibaldi to liberate Sicily and Naples from
Spain.
Under Victor Emmanuel II on March 17, 1861, the north
and South of Italy were unified. However, the Vatican
City remained independent under Pope Pius IX
Leila
Victor Emmanuel II and Camillo di Cavour
14. Earliest origins began during the Napoleonic Wars, with
Romantic Nationalism (is a form of nationalism in which the
state claims its political legitimacy an organic consequence of
the unity of those it governs).
19th Century, the “German Question”,
A debate between a “Lesser Germany” and “Greater Germany”,
meaning whether they should’ve included the Austrian Empire
or not.
In the end, due to a Prussian Chancellor named Otto von
Bismarck, a “Lesser Germany” without the Austrian Empire
prevailed.
The “German Question”
Leila
15. -> A key factor leading to both World Wars was extreme German
nationalism. Though prior time to WW1, Germany established a
Colonial Empire (colonies) in hopes of a potential rivalry between
France or Britain.
-> During the 1930’s, a man with the name of Adolf Hitler
sought to to unify all Germans - the Nazis soon coming to
power.
- Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, he ordered the
extermination of what he deemed “Untermenschen” or
subhumans that consisted of the Poles, Romanis, and more
known, the Jews. This caused the Holocaust during WW2.
-> Finally, after Nazi Germany’s defeat, Germany was divided into
East and West during the Cold War wherein Germans gained a
sense of identity.
• 1990, the German Reunification was born due to the Die Wende
(The Peaceful Revolution). This was the process of re-establishing
Germany as a single sovereign state as Berlin became Germany’s
capital.
Moira
16. -> Due to the atrocities of what happened, and especially
the time of Nazi Germany, German Nationalism was seen
as taboo. Although the people of Germany have tried to
find ways to acknowledge the past but embrace their
former and present accomplishments, the German
Question has not been fully resolved yet.
Extra Info:
-> According to the Correlates of War project (A website
that provides separate info/data sets of four different
categories of wars), patriotism in Germany right before
WW1 used to be near or at the top, whereas now, it ranks
near or at the bottom. But in some sources, they are still
indeed, very patriotic.
Moira Effects on Present Time
18. A. Being devoted
to your country
D. Showing loyalty
to your nation
B. Respecting your
culture and origins
C. Disregarding the
history of your country
1. Which of the following countries is NOT
an example of being nationalistic?
19. A. Great Britain
D. China
B. Russia
C. Prussia
2. Which country is NOT part of the
Quadruple Alliance?
20. A. Balkan Valley
D. Russians
B. Ottomans
C. Greeks
3. Who were the center of many uprisings,
becoming the center of territorial dispute?
21. A. Giuseppe Mazzini
D. Victor Emmanuel II
B. Giuseppe Garibaldi
C. Pope Pius IX
4. Who was the important king of the
Sardinia-Piedmont Kingdom?
22. A. Belgium
D. Rome
B. Greece
C. Vatican City
5. Which country remained independent
even after the north and south of Italy was
unified?
23. 6. Who ignited the unification of Italy and
made alliances with France to go against
Austria?
7. When was the North and South of Italy
unified under Victor Emmanuel II?
(year only)
24. 8. What do you call the debate between
having a “Lesser/Greater” Germany?
10. What is the main concept of the said
debate in question 8?
9. In said debate, did a lesser or greater
Germany prevail?
26. 1. C
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. Count Camillo di Cavour/Camillo di Cavour
7. 1861
8. The “German Question”
9. Lesser Germany prevailed/Lesser Germany
10.To include the Austrian Empire or not (anything
related to this statement is correct)
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infographics & images by Freepik
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Please keep this slide for attribution
29. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon and infographics & images by
Freepik and illustrations by Storyset
THANKS!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com
Please keep this slide for attribution
H
