Unification of Germany

1. ISN pg 150, title: Nationalism
Preview:
–In your own words, define
these words:
•Conservativism
•Liberalism
•Radicalism

2. Nationalism is the belief that people
should be loyal to their nation rather
than to an empire—to the people with
whom they share a culture and history

3. Nationalism Experiential Exercise
You are part of the Mirabal
Empire; I decide where you sit &
what you do
Nationalism has been growing
among the students in the
classroom & has led some of you
to want to break away & form new
nations

4. Nationalism Experiential Exercise
To form a nation, you must:
–Find students in the room who are
most “like” you & see if they would
be willing to join your nation
–Form a nation by sitting in desks but
the desks cannot move
–Create a national flag that shows
the common elements that bind you
together

5. Origins of Nationalism
Read the handout and
answer the provided
questions on the back.

8. “Italy” in 1815 was not a unified
nation; it was divided into 3 regions:
Parts were foreign
controlled by
Austria & France
Parts were
controlled by
the Pope
Parts were independent &
had their own king
In the 1830s, nationalism led to a unification
movement as Italians began to see
themselves as having a shared history
(ancient Rome, Renaissance), shared
territory, shared enemies (Napoleonic Wars)

9. Giuseppe Mazzini
Mazzini was a radical
who established the
nationalist group
Young Italy in 1831
to unify Italy &
created a republic
Led a revolution in 1848 which led
to a brief Italian republic (but Italy
was not unified); Mazzini was
overthrown & seen as too radical

10. Count Camillo di Cavour
In 1849, the king of
Sardinia named Cavour
Prime Minister; Cavour
wanted to make
Sardinia very powerful
by increasing industry,
reducing the Pope’s influence, &
unifying Italy (but ONLY if Sardinia
led the unification movement)

12. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Meanwhile, in Southern Italy
remained isolated, radical
nationalists prepared
for a revolution
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a
nationalist who had joined
Young Italy & helped in the South
American independence movements;
he wanted a unified Italy under a
republic

14. Unification
Garibaldi successfully led the
unification of the South, but Cavour is
unhappy (does not want a republic;
wants Sardinia’s king in charge)
Cavour tricked Garibaldi into giving up
his conquests to Sardinia—Italy’s
North & South are unified & a new
Constitutional Monarchy
By 1871, all French territories are
reclaimed & unification is complete

16. German Unification
RealPolitik & the
Belligerent
Bismarck

17. Germany in 1815
Germany was the last European
country to unify
After the Congress of Vienna, 39
independent German states
merged into the German
Confederation

20. Prussia
Prussia badly wanted to unify these
39 states into a new nation, Germany
–Otto von Bismarck was
Prime Minister of Prussia
who used RealPolitik—
pursue goals by any
means necessary (go to
war, lie, break treaties)

21. To do this, Bismarck led Prussia to war
Seven Weeks War against Austria led to the
North German Confederation (a united
northern Germany under Prussia’s control)
Franco-Prussian War against France to
convince the Catholics in southern Germany
that unification with Prussia was better than
unification with France

23. A United Germany
As a result of military victories,
Prussia gains support from all
German states for unification; 25
states become united under 1 union:
–In 1871—Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser
(emperor); Bismarck becomes
Chancellor (Prime Minister)
–Each state has a local ruler, army,
& handles its own domestic affairs
–Kaiser heads national government