![Phase I: The Northern Campaign
[1775-1776]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theamericanrevolution-180214174403/75/The-american-revolution-36-2048.jpg)
![Phase II:
NY & PA
[1777-1778]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theamericanrevolution-180214174403/75/The-american-revolution-52-2048.jpg)
![Phase III: The Southern Strategy
[1780-1781]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theamericanrevolution-180214174403/75/The-american-revolution-62-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byDave Phillips
The american revolution
The American Revolution can be summarized as follows: 1) The Revolution was a period from 1763-1783 that involved not just the war for independence but also the colonists' transition from seeing themselves as British subjects to an independent American nation. 2) The war officially lasted from 1775-1781, beginning with the battles of Lexington and Concord and ending with the British surrender at Yorktown. 3) The Treaty of Paris in 1783 officially recognized American independence and ceded territory east of the Mississippi River to the new United States.
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The american revolution
- 1.
- 2. What was theRevolution? • NOT only the war! • The Revolution was: 1763-1776 - Colonists’ change in self-perception from British subjects in 13 separate colonies to a united, independent American nation. 1775-1781 - The War of Independence 1783 - British recognition of American independence in the Treaty of Paris
- 3. Acts of Union,1707 England and Scotland formed United Kingdom of Great Britain.
- 4. Anne died • LastStuart monarch • Had no children George I • Throne passed to new Hanoverian Dynasty 1714
- 5. Georgian Era Hanoverian kingsplayed a much smaller political role than earlier dynasties. Prime Ministers controlled Parliament. George I, 1714-1727 George II, 1727-1760 George III, 1760-1820 George IV, 1820-1830
- 7. 1756-1763: Seven Years’War (aka French and Indian War)
- 8. North America in1763
- 9. Rule Britannia? • In1763, most Americans still bound to England - culture, consumer goods, religion, military victories • Americans thought of themselves as partners in Empire • British think of “American” as “not quite English”
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- 11. 1763 Pontiac’sRebellion Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt. Aftermath of the French and Indian War: Tensions Along the Frontier
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- 14. British National Debt,1691-1785 British national debt almost doubles during the Seven Years’ War!
- 15. 1. Sugar Act- 1764 3. Stamp Act - 1765 2. Quartering Act - 1765 Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 To Recoup War Expenditures
- 16. Stamp Act, 1765 Stampsvalidate documents
- 17. Patrick Henry andthe Virginia Resolves unite the population in protest
- 18. Sons of Libertyled by Samuel Adams protest – riots, mob violence, and boycotts.
- 19. Stamp Act Congresspetitioned King George III and Parliament for repeal
- 20. Declaratory Act, 1766 Parliamentrepealed Stamp Act but also passed Declaratory Act. • Parliament sovereign over America “in all cases whatsoever” • Estranges colonists from British gov’t officials
- 22. Townshend Duties, 1767-1770 •Tax American imports of paper, lead, glass, and tea • American Board of Customs Commissioners created to collect duties
- 23. 1. John Dickinson Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1768) 2. Sons of Liberty boycott British goods 3. Riots against customs agents Colonial Response to Townshend Duties
- 24. Boston Massacre, 1770 •4000 British troops to Boston • March 5, 1770—British soldiers fire on civilian crowd, kill five Americans • Townsend Duties repealed except tea
- 25. The Boston Massacre,March 5, 1770
- 26. Last Days ofthe Old Order, 1770–1773 • Customs collectors antagonize wealthy colonists such as John Hancock • Committees of correspondence build up alternative political structure
- 27. The Tea Act,1773 • 1773—Parliament passes Tea Act to help East India Company (EIC) sell tea in America • Radicals protest tea tax as violation of American rights and a ploy to get them to consume taxed tea • Dec 1773—Boston Tea Party - protestors dump the tea into the harbor
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- 29. The Coercive Acts,1774 • Port of Boston closed • Mass. colonial government re-structured - upper house made royal appointive body; town meetings permitted only 1x/yr • British officials to be tried in England, not America • British Army authorized to quarter troops in civilians’ homes
- 30. Québec Act, 1774 •Gives land north of Ohio R. (present-day OH, IN, IL, MI, WI) to Québec; negates sacrifices of the Seven Years’ War!
- 31. First Continental Congress,1774 Agenda: How to respond to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act?
- 34. Toward Independence • Sept.1774— First Continental Congress to respond to Coercive & Quebec Acts • Congress’ “Suffolk Resolves” urging forcible resistance • Militias organize and stockpile arms • Inter-colonial “Association” halts commerce with Britain until Coercive Acts repealed
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- 36. Phase I: TheNorthern Campaign [1775-1776]
- 37. • April 19,1775— British Army marches into Mass. countryside to seize arms stockpile • Paul Revere & William Dawes make midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching soldiers “The Regulars are coming!”
- 38. • Fighting breaks outin Lexington and road to Concord • English retreat to Boston with heavy losses The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord April 18, 1775
- 39. Man on a Mission June1775— Second Continental Congress appoints George Washington to head new Continental Army
- 40. Battle of BunkerHill The British suffered over 40% casualties. June 17, 1775— British march on Patriot camp outside Boston Battle of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill Result: British victory at heavy price
- 41. The Battle ofBunker Hill
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- 43. Thomas Paine: CommonSense January 1776— Thomas Paine’s Common Sense convinces colonists to sever ties with Britain. Europe, not England, “is the parent country of America”
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- 49. The Loyalist Dilemma •100,000 Loyalists leave U.S. at war’s end • Treated poorly by both sides - British never trust Loyalists; Patriots seize property, imprison, execute some
- 50. Military Advantages 1 millionpeople Home turf Ideological cause Americans British 10 million people More resources Naval supremacy Long supply chain
- 51. Military Strategies Win byattrition Insurgent war don’t have to win, just wear British down Guerilla tactics Ally with Britain’s enemies Americans British Divide colonies in half – N & S Blockade ports to prevent flow of supplies from ally “Divide and Conquer” use Loyalists Incite slave revolt
- 52. Phase II: NY &PA [1777-1778]
- 53. “The Times ThatTry Men’s Souls” Summer 1776— British Gen. Howe captures NYC; 3000 accept pardon for loyalty oath to Britain; Washington retreats through NJ
- 54. Washington Crossing theDelaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 Dec. 25, 1776 — Washington captures 900 Hessians in Trenton, NJ
- 55. Battle of Princeton Jan.3, 1777 — Washington captures Princeton, NJ; British leave NJ in patriot control; victories re-kindle American patriotism
- 56. 1777: Victory ina Year of Defeat • British strategy = cut New England off from other colonies; lure Continental army into decisive battle. • Gen. Burgoyne’s army moves in from Canada; defeated at Saratoga (turning point of the war?)
- 57. Burgoyne’s surrender atSaratoga
- 58. French Alliance Saratoga convinces Francethat colonists are serious British sue for peace; offer repeal of all laws since 1763, respect for colonial taxation rights February 1778— Benjamin Franklin conclude Treaty of Alliance
- 59. Valley Forge, 1777-1778 Howetakes Philadelphia; Washington winters at Valley Forge, PA
- 60. Help Arrives Washington joinedby Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Friedrich von Steuben
- 62. Phase III: TheSouthern Strategy [1780-1781]
- 63. Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britainthought more Loyalists in South Southern resources more valuable British take Savannah, GA and Charleston, SC but cannot pacify countryside Good US General: Nathanial Greene
- 64. The Battle ofYorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse British Gen. Cornwallis moves into VA; gets trapped on peninsula near mouth of Chesapeake Bay October 19, 1781— surrender to combined French- American forces
- 65. Cornwallis’ Surrender atYorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “TheWorldTurnedUpsideDown!”
- 66. Winning the Peace Americandelegates John Jay, Ben Franklin, and John Adams play France against Britain for best terms Treaty of 1783 - • U.S. independence recognized • U.S. gets all territory east of Miss. R. between Canada and Florida • U.S. will help British merchants and Loyalists collect debts
- 67. North America Afterthe Treaty of Paris, 1783
- 68. Preserving Independence • Thenext step = the construction of new form of government • Question remains: a government of the elite or a government of the people?