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Uploaded byDrSyedaNadiaFirdous
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Final lecture on health care system in pakistan

The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.

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Health Care system of Pakistan Dr. Syeda Nadia Firdous HBS Dental college
Contents – HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN  Definition  Healthcare delivery system of Pakistan  Partners in health. – HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ORGANISATION – LEVELS OF PREVENTION – LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE – PHC WITH ITS FUNCTIONS – OTHER SECTORS THAN GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE
Healthcare System of Pakistan Definition: • World Health Organization definition — A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Healthcare System of Pakistan • Healthcare system of Pakistan consists of private and public sector. The private sector serves nearly 70% of population and 30% by public sector . As per Pakistan constitution provision of health is responsibility of provincial governments except in federally administered areas.
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: DELIVERY
Improving Health Individual / Family Community Governments / NGOs / Private Partners in Health
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ORGANISATION: TERTIARY FACILITIES SECONDARY CARE: Tehsil health quarters, District health quarters PRIMARY CARE: first level healthcare facilities e.g. basic health units, rural health units, dispensaries
Levels of health care • Primary (BHU, RHC, LHWS ) 60-80 per district • Secondary (THQ, DHQ hospitals) 1-4 per district • Tertiary (Teaching hospitals) 1-3 per division
1. Primary Healthcare: This is first level of Healthcare, where patients have their initial interaction with system and it provides curative and preventive Healthcare Services.
PHC INCLUDES BASIC HEALTH UNITS & RURAL HEALTH CENTERS: Basic Health Units (BHUs) are located at Union Council level and serves catchment population of up to 25,000. Preventive curative and referral services are provided. Maternal and child health (MCH) services are also part of services packages provided at Basic Health Units. BHUs also provide clinical, logistical and managerial support to Lady Health Workers (LHWs) Rural Health Centers(RHCs) serve catchment population of up to 100,000 people.Here provided promotive, preventive, curative,diagnostics and referrals along with inpatient services. Also provide clinical, logistical and managerial support to BHUs, LHWs and MCH Centers (7).
2. Secondary Healthcare It is an intermediate level of Healthcare that is concerned with provision of technical, therapeutic and diagnostic services. It is first referral level serving at district and tehsil. Managing referrals from PHC Specialist consultation and hospital admissions fall into this category.
District Head Quarters & Tehsil Head Quarters : District Head Quarters (DHQs) are located at district level and serves 1 -3 million population. DHQs provide promotive, preventive, curative, diagnostics, inpatient and referral services. All DHQs provide referral care to patients referred by BHUs, RHCs and Tehsil Head Quarters Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) serve a population of 0.5 to 1 Million peoples. Most of THQs have 40-60 beds. THQs are supposed to provide basic and comprehensive Emergency, Obstetrics and newborn care. Provide referral care to those referred by RHCs, BHU and Lady Health Workers
3. Tertiary Healthcare: Tertiary Healthcare hospitals are for more specialized inpatient care. Specialized Healthcare services usually for inpatients and on referrals from primary or secondary health professionals
Health systems A well-functioning health system working in harmony is built on having • trained and motivated health workers, • a well-maintained infrastructure, and • a reliable supply of medicines and technologies, • backed by adequate funding, strong health plans and evidence-based policies. http://www.who.int/healthsystems/en/ 24.9.17
THE DECLARATION OF ALMA ATA 1978 Health for all
Health For All (1978) “the attainment by all peoples of the world, a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life”.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) ‘Primary Health Care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self- determination.
Functions or elements of PHC 1. Education on health problems and how to prevent and control them. P 2. Development of effective food supply and proper nutrition. P 3. Maternal and child healthcare, including family planning. P 4. Adequate and safe water supply and basic sanitation. P 5. Immunization against major infectious diseases. P 6. Local endemic diseases control. P 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries. C 8. Provision of essential basic medication. C
ELEMENTS OF P H C • 1. EDUCATION • Education regarding common diseases in the catchment population may reduce the occurrence of disease.
2. PROPER NUTRITION : Nutrition is another essential component of health care. WHO works to prevent malnutrition and starvation and to prevent many diseases and afflictions. (Nutrition during pregnancy, breast feeding, young children supplementary balanced diet, low salt diet)
Mother’s Education : More common in illiterate mothers Socioeconomic conditions:More common in poor (Clustering) land less laborers Malnourished mother at young age malnourished children Malnutrition; Predisposing Factors
3. CLEAN WATER & SANITATION : Clean water and basic sanitation can reduce the spread of disease . A supply of clean, safe drinking water, and basic sanitation measures regarding trash, sewage and water cleanliness can significantly improve the health of a population, reducing and even eliminating many preventable diseases.
4. MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CARE (MCH) Ensuring comprehensive and adequate health care to children and to mothers, both expecting and otherwise, is another essential element of primary health care. By caring for those who are at the greatest risk of health problems, WHO helps future generations have a chance to thrive and contribute globally. Sometimes, care for these individuals involves adequate counseling on family planning.
5. IMMUNIZATION : By administering global immunizations, WHO works to wipe out major infectious diseases, greatly improving overall health globally.
6. LOCAL DISEASE CONTROL : Prevention and control of local diseases is critical to promoting primary health care in a population. Many diseases vary based on location. Taking these diseases into account and initiating measures to prevent them are key factors in efforts to reduce infection rates.
7. ACCESSIBLE TREATMENT : Getting health care quickly is important Another important component of primary health care is access to appropriate medical care for the treatment of diseases and injuries. By treating disease and injury right away, caregivers can help avoid complications and the expense of later, more extensive, medical treatment.
8. DRUG PROVISION : Proper medication By providing essential drugs to those who need them, such as antibiotics to those with infections, caregivers can help prevent disease from escalating. This makes the community safer, as there is less chance for diseases to be passed along.
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