The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.

1. Health Care system of
Pakistan
Dr. Syeda Nadia Firdous
HBS Dental college

2. Contents
– HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN
 Definition
 Healthcare delivery system of Pakistan
 Partners in health.
– HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ORGANISATION
– LEVELS OF PREVENTION
– LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
– PHC WITH ITS FUNCTIONS
– OTHER SECTORS THAN GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE

3. Healthcare System of Pakistan
Definition:
• World Health Organization definition —
A health system, also sometimes referred to
as health care system or as healthcare system, is
the organization of people, institutions, and
resources that deliver health care services to meet
the health needs of target populations.

4. Healthcare System of
Pakistan
• Healthcare system of Pakistan consists of private and
public sector. The private sector serves nearly 70% of
population and 30% by public sector . As
per Pakistan constitution provision of health is
responsibility of provincial governments except in
federally administered areas.

5. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: DELIVERY

6. Improving
Health
Individual /
Family
Community
Governments / NGOs / Private
Partners in Health

7. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
ORGANISATION:
TERTIARY
FACILITIES
SECONDARY CARE:
Tehsil health quarters,
District health quarters
PRIMARY CARE:
first level healthcare facilities e.g. basic
health units, rural health units, dispensaries

9. Levels of health care
• Primary (BHU, RHC, LHWS ) 60-80 per
district
• Secondary (THQ, DHQ hospitals) 1-4 per
district
• Tertiary (Teaching hospitals) 1-3 per division

10. 1. Primary Healthcare:
This is first level of Healthcare, where patients have their
initial interaction with system and it provides curative and
preventive Healthcare Services.

11. PHC INCLUDES BASIC HEALTH UNITS &
RURAL HEALTH CENTERS:
Basic Health Units (BHUs) are located at Union Council
level and serves catchment population of up to 25,000.
Preventive curative and referral services are provided.
Maternal and child health (MCH) services are also part of services
packages provided at Basic Health Units. BHUs also provide clinical,
logistical and managerial support to Lady Health Workers (LHWs)
Rural Health Centers(RHCs) serve catchment population of up to
100,000 people.Here provided promotive, preventive, curative,diagnostics
and referrals along with inpatient services. Also provide
clinical, logistical and managerial support to BHUs, LHWs
and MCH Centers (7).

12. 2. Secondary Healthcare
It is an intermediate level of Healthcare that is concerned
with provision of technical, therapeutic and diagnostic
services. It is first referral level serving at district and
tehsil. Managing referrals from PHC
Specialist consultation and hospital admissions fall into
this category.

13. District Head Quarters & Tehsil Head Quarters :
District Head Quarters (DHQs) are located at district level
and serves 1 -3 million population. DHQs provide promotive,
preventive, curative, diagnostics, inpatient and referral
services. All DHQs provide referral care to patients referred
by BHUs, RHCs and Tehsil Head Quarters
Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) serve a population of 0.5 to 1
Million peoples. Most of THQs have 40-60 beds. THQs are
supposed to provide basic and comprehensive Emergency,
Obstetrics and newborn care. Provide referral care to those
referred by RHCs, BHU and Lady Health Workers

14. 3. Tertiary Healthcare:
Tertiary Healthcare hospitals are for more
specialized inpatient care. Specialized Healthcare
services usually for inpatients and on referrals from
primary or secondary health professionals

15. Health systems
A well-functioning health system working
in harmony is built on having
• trained and motivated health workers,
• a well-maintained infrastructure, and
• a reliable supply of medicines and
technologies,
• backed by adequate funding, strong
health plans and evidence-based
policies.
http://www.who.int/healthsystems/en/ 24.9.17

16. THE DECLARATION OF
ALMA ATA 1978
Health for all

17. Health For All (1978)
“the attainment by all peoples of the world, a level of
health that will permit them to lead a socially and
economically productive life”.

18. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC)
‘Primary Health Care is essential health care
based on practical, scientifically sound and
socially acceptable methods and technology,
made universally accessible to individuals
and families in the community through their
full participation and at a cost that the
community and country can afford to
maintain at every stage of their development
in the spirit of self-reliance and self-
determination.

19. Functions or elements of PHC
1. Education on health problems and how to prevent and control them. P
2. Development of effective food supply and proper nutrition. P
3. Maternal and child healthcare, including family planning. P
4. Adequate and safe water supply and basic sanitation. P
5. Immunization against major infectious diseases. P
6. Local endemic diseases control. P
7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries. C
8. Provision of essential basic medication. C

20. ELEMENTS OF P H C
• 1. EDUCATION
• Education regarding common diseases
in the catchment population may
reduce the occurrence of disease.

21. 2. PROPER NUTRITION :
Nutrition is another essential component of
health care. WHO works to prevent
malnutrition and starvation and to prevent
many diseases and afflictions.
(Nutrition during pregnancy, breast feeding,
young children supplementary balanced diet,
low salt diet)

22. Mother’s Education : More common in
illiterate mothers
Socioeconomic conditions:More common in
poor (Clustering) land less laborers
Malnourished mother at young age
malnourished children
Malnutrition; Predisposing Factors

23. 3. CLEAN WATER & SANITATION :
Clean water and basic sanitation can reduce the
spread of disease .
A supply of clean, safe drinking water, and basic
sanitation measures regarding trash, sewage and
water cleanliness can significantly improve the
health of a population, reducing and even
eliminating many preventable diseases.

24. 4. MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CARE (MCH)
Ensuring comprehensive and adequate health care
to children and to mothers, both expecting and
otherwise, is another essential element of primary
health care.
By caring for those who are at the greatest risk of
health problems, WHO helps future generations
have a chance to thrive and contribute globally.
Sometimes, care for these individuals involves
adequate counseling on family planning.

25. 5. IMMUNIZATION :
By administering global immunizations,
WHO works to wipe out major infectious
diseases, greatly improving overall health
globally.

27. 6. LOCAL DISEASE CONTROL :
Prevention and control of local diseases is
critical to promoting primary health care in a
population.
Many diseases vary based on location.
Taking these diseases into account and
initiating measures to prevent them are key
factors in efforts to reduce infection rates.

28. 7. ACCESSIBLE TREATMENT :
Getting health care quickly is important
Another important component of primary health care
is access to appropriate medical care for the
treatment of diseases and injuries.
By treating disease and injury right away, caregivers
can help avoid complications and the expense of
later, more extensive, medical treatment.

29. 8. DRUG PROVISION :
Proper medication
By providing essential drugs to those who need them,
such as antibiotics to those with infections, caregivers
can help prevent disease from escalating.
This makes the community safer, as there is less
chance for diseases to be passed along.

30. Thank you