brief description on how nano technology and carbon nanotubes work in engineering...future scope of carbon nano tubes and development of existing machines with nanoparticles

1. SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 GENERATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS
 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 CARBON NANOTUBES
 CASE STUDY
 METHODS OF CNT PRODUCTION
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
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2. Introduction- Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an
atomic molecular, and supramolecular scale”
 Nanoscale uses “nanometer” as the basic unit of measurement and it
represents a billionth of a meter or one billionth of a part.
 Nanotechnology deals with nanosized particles and devices
 One- nm is about 3 to 5 atoms wide. This is very tiny when compared
normal sizes encounter day-to-day.
- For example this is 1/1000th the width of human
hair.
 One nanometer = one billionth of a meter
 One nanometer = Ten thousandth thickness of a human hair
 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch
 A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick
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3.  Any physical substance or device with structural dimensions below 100
nm is called nanomaterial or nano-device.
 Nanotechnology rests on the technology that involves fabrication of
material, devices and systems through direct control of matter at
nanometer length scale or less than 100 nm.
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4. History of Nanotechnology
 “Nano-technology" was first used by renowned physicist Richard
Feynman in 1959
 IN 1986 K. Eric Drexler used the term "nanotechnology" in his book
Engines of Creation(means era of nanotechnology)
 Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery
of fullerenes in 1985
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5. Four Generations of Nanotechnology
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6. BENEFITS AND APPLICATION
 Daily life materials and process
 Electronics and information technology application
 Sustainable energy application
 Environmental remedial application
 Future transport application
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7. Nanotechnology in Mechanical
Engineering
New Basic
Concepts
Nano-
Mechanics
Nano-Scale
Heat Transfer
Nano-fluidics
Applications
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8. Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles:
Nanoparticles are significantly larger than individual atoms
and molecules.
Nanoparticles have high surface area per unit volume.
When material size is reduced the number of atoms on the
surface increases than number of atoms in the material itself.
This surface structure dominates the properties related to it.
Nanoparticles are made from chemically stable metals, metal
oxides and carbon in different forms.
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9. 9
 Formed by combining two or more
nanomaterials to achieve better
properties.
 Gives the best properties of each
individual nanomaterial.
 Show increase in strength, modulus of
elasticity and strain in failure.
 Interfacial characteristics, shape, structure
and properties of individual
nanomaterials decide the properties.
 Find use in high performance,
lightweight, energy savings and
environmental protection applications
- buildings and structures, automobiles
and aircrafts.
Nanocomposites

10. Nanofluids
Nano fluids are engineered colloid formed with stable suspensions of solid Nano-
particles in traditional base liquids.
Base fluids: Water, organic fluids, Glycol, oil, lubricants and other fluids
Nanoparticle materials:
- Metal Oxides:
- Stable metals: Au, cu
- Carbon: carbon nanotubes (SWNTs, MWNTs),
diamond, graphite, fullerene, Amorphous Carbon
- Polymers : Teflon
Nanoparticle size: 1-100 nm
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11. 11
Carbon -Nanotubes
 Carbon nanotubes are hollow cylinders
made up of carbon atoms.
 The diameter of carbon nanotube is few
nanometers and they can be several
millimeters in length.
 Carbon nanotubes looks like rolled
tubes of graphite and their walls are like
hexagonal carbon rings and are formed
in large bundles.
 Have high surface area per unit volume
 Carbon nanotubes are 100 times
stronger than steel at one-sixth of the
weight.
 Carbon nanotubes have the ability to
sustain high temperature ~ 2000 C.

12. Types of carbon
nanotube:
 Single Walled Carbon
Nanotube (SWNT), Multi Walled
nanotube (MWNT),
 SWNTs are made up of single
cylindrical graphene layer
 MWNTs is made up of multiple
Graphene layers.
 SWNT possess important electric
properties which MWNT does not.
 SWNT are excellent conductors,
so finds its application in miniaturizing
electronics components.
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13. Sl.no SWNT Sl.no MWNT
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Single layer of graphene.
Catalyst is required for synthesis.
Bulk synthesis is difficult as it requires.
Proper control over growth and atmospheric
condition.
Purity is poor.
A chance of defect is more during
Functionalization.
Less accumulation in body.
Characterization and evaluation is easy.
It can be easily twisted and are more liable.
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Multiple layer of graphene
Can be produced without catalyst.
Bulk synthesis is easy.
Purity is high.
A chance of defect is less but once.
Occurred it’s difficult to improve.
More accumulation in body.
It has very complex structure.
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14. CASE STUDY
Using Nanotechnology to Build a Space Elevator
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15. The Main Components of a Space Elevator
1. The Anchoring Station :
 The anchoring station will serve as a
starting base for space elevator
 originate from a location in the Pacific
Ocean
 Pacific Ocean help to minimize the
threat that extreme weather could pose
to the space elevator and its operation
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16. 2. The Counterweight The counterweight helps to stabilize the space elevator by
keeping the cable at its maximum length and tension
 This dual purpose spacecraft/counterweight would help to minimize the economic
costs of the counterweight and the spacecraft delivering the cable.
3.The Mechanical Lifter The mechanical lifter will work in conjunction with the
cable to provide the elevator with its vertical motion
4.The Power Source The power source will wirelessly deliver power from the
anchoring station to the space elevator as it makes its journey upwards towards space
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17. Developmental phases by NASA17/24

18. Mass vs cost18/24

19. METHODS OF CNT PRODUCTION
 Arc discharge method
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20. APPLICATIONS
 Structural
1. Clothes
2. Combat jackets
3. Concrete
4. Space elevator
 Electromagnetic
1. Bucky paper
2. Chemical nanowires
3. Light bulb filament
 Mechanical
1. Oscillator
2. Liquid flow array
3. Slick surface
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21. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
 Extremely small and lightweight
 Resources required to produce them are plentiful
 Are resistant to temperature changes
 As a new technology, investors have been piling into these R&D companies, which
will boost the economy
Disadvantages
 Despite all the research, scientists still don't understand exactly how they work
 Extremely small, so are difficult to work with
 Currently, the process is relatively expensive to produce the nanotubes
 Would be expensive to implement this new technology
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22. CONCLUSION
 Rise in demand and production carbon nanotubes would lead to the
extensive use in a wide variety of applications
 The use of nanotechnology for human will become common need in 21st
century
 As world is suffering from serious pollution problems, hydrogen will
becoming need of 21st century & carbon nanotubes provide better solution
for hydrogen storage.
 Most of the demands of human, in this and fore coming generation will be
fulfilled by carbon nanotubes.
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23. Thank you
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