Nano solar cells utilize tiny nanorods or nanoparticles to convert sunlight into electricity in a thin, inexpensive layer. These dye-sensitized or "nano" solar cells consist of a thin layer of nanorods dispersed in a polymer that can be easily mass produced. While efficiency is still low, nano solar cells have potential for low-cost electricity generation due to inexpensive manufacturing using solution-based coating or printing techniques.
Nanotechnology has to potential to revolutionize the US energy system. From fuel cells, to cell phone batteries, to space equipment, and everywhere in between nanotechnology can be utilized.
But, there is still a lot of research to be done and many hurdles to cross to make this technology commercially practicable.
Nanotechnology has to potential to revolutionize the US energy system. From fuel cells, to cell phone batteries, to space equipment, and everywhere in between nanotechnology can be utilized.
But, there is still a lot of research to be done and many hurdles to cross to make this technology commercially practicable.
Organic Solar cells are the future.They can be easily manufactured. also flexible; can be carried around in pockets, and 1000 times thinner to silicon cells.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity
The first practical photovoltaic cell was publicly demonstrated on April 25, 1954 at Bell Laboratories.
From 2002 we can see the modern solar cell.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
The most common type of solar cells are Photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)
Converts sunlight directly into electricity
Cells are made of a semiconductor material (eg. silicon)
Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is absorbed
The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current
Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power
A Review of Solar PV Benefit and Cost StudiesJohn Farrell
A marvelous presentation on the many complicated factors involved in calculating the value of solar to an electric utility. Presented on 9/20/13 by Lena Hansen and Virginia Lacy of the Rocky Mountain Institute to a Value of Solar Workshop hosted by the Division of Energy Resources of the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Part 1 of the stakeholder process for establishing the state's value of solar methodology for utilities.
Organic Solar cells are the future.They can be easily manufactured. also flexible; can be carried around in pockets, and 1000 times thinner to silicon cells.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity
The first practical photovoltaic cell was publicly demonstrated on April 25, 1954 at Bell Laboratories.
From 2002 we can see the modern solar cell.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
The most common type of solar cells are Photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)
Converts sunlight directly into electricity
Cells are made of a semiconductor material (eg. silicon)
Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is absorbed
The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current
Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power
A Review of Solar PV Benefit and Cost StudiesJohn Farrell
A marvelous presentation on the many complicated factors involved in calculating the value of solar to an electric utility. Presented on 9/20/13 by Lena Hansen and Virginia Lacy of the Rocky Mountain Institute to a Value of Solar Workshop hosted by the Division of Energy Resources of the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Part 1 of the stakeholder process for establishing the state's value of solar methodology for utilities.
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar MissionHIMADRI BANERJI
India can now make 700 megawatts of photovoltaic modules each year, according to the plan. The aim would be to make 20,000 megawatts of solar cells annually by 2017 and to establish expertise in solar thermal technologies.
Total costs would be 85,000 and 105,000 crores ($18.5 billion to $22.8 billion) over a 30-year period. To help finance the project, the plan foresees a significant tax on gasoline and diesel — fuels the government currently subsidizes.
Sungen is a PV solar panel manufacture with HQ located in Hong Kong and with 2 Manufacturing facilities in mainland china. We specialize in a-Si thin film technology with over 120 mw production per year and ramping up to 200mw in 2011 using Anwell automated production equipment.. we also manufacture the traditional Mono and Poly crystalline modules. Having offices in Asia, Australia, Europe and USA. (Tel. 1 650 492 5202)
A series of modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries.
New improved version of Writing Project Proposals in February 2014.
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing, Current & Emerging TechnologiesGavin Harper
Presentation at the Low Carbon Research Institute Conference, Cardiff, SWALEC Stadium, 18th November 2014 on Building Integrated Photovoltaics Solar Glazing:Current & Emerging Technologies
This presentation is about the solar PV technologies which are been using now a days like perovskite solar cells etc and there is also a comparison between the different types of solar cells in this presentation.
Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation.
The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.
A window on the future of solar glazingGavin Harper
This presentation looks at some of the advances in glazing incorporating Solar Photovoltaic devices in order to generate electricity. It looks at a range of technologies including Organic Solar Concentrators, Luminescent Solar Concentrators, Pythagoras Solar's unique glazing system, Dye sensitised solar cells and Honeycomb Thin Film Devices.
Best presentation on Germanium based Photovoltaic cell. Photovoltaic cell is also known as Solar cell.
Germanium-based photovoltaic cells use germanium as the semiconductor material to convert sunlight into electricity. Germanium has a wider spectral sensitivity than silicon, allowing it to absorb a broader range of light wavelengths, including infrared. This enables germanium-based cells to generate electricity more efficiently under various environmental conditions. They exhibit higher conversion efficiencies, particularly in low-light or low-temperature scenarios, thanks to germanium's high carrier mobility. These cells find applications in thermophotovoltaic systems for energy harvesting from waste heat. Germanium-based cells can also be integrated into tandem or multi-junction solar cell structures, increasing overall efficiency by capturing a wider spectrum of light. Ongoing research focuses on improving performance, reducing costs, and enhancing material durability. Challenges include the availability and cost of germanium, but these cells show promise for specialized applications such as space-based solar power systems, portable electronics, and wearable devices. Advancements in crystal growth techniques and material engineering contribute to their progress. By addressing these challenges and furthering research, germanium-based photovoltaic cells have the potential to play a significant role in solar energy conversion.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Solar cells
• Solar product availability
• Thin film materials
• Cadmium Telluride solar cells
• CIGS solar cells
• CIGS manufacturing process
• Nanosolar
• Conclusion
2
3. What is a Solar Cell
• A device that converts solar energy directly to electricity by the photovoltaic
effect
– It supplies voltage and current to a
resistive load (light, battery, motor)
– It supplies DC power
• Solar Module or Solar Panel
– Solar Module: Solar cells are wired in series
– Solar Panel: Solar Modules are assembled together and placed into a frame
3
4. Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Generate electricity directly from sunlight
2 Main types:
Single-crystal silicon (traditional)
Silicon-based solar
• Widespread cell
• Expensive to manufacture
Dye-sensitized (“nano”)
• Newer, less proven
• Inexpensive to manufacture
• Flexible
Dye-sensitized
solar cell
4
5. Current Technology: Photovoltaic Cells
Short Version: Light in, electricity out.
• If the energy of the incident photons equals or exceeds the band gap energy of the
material, then the valence electrons will get excited, and enter the conduction band.
• They are susceptible to an electric field and form electricity.
5
6. …But Not All Energy is Converted…
• Like chloroplasts in plants, solar cells can only absorb specific wavelengths of
light.
• In both, light that isn‟t absorbed is either transmitted through or reflected back.
• Whether a certain wavelength of lights gets absorbed depends on its energy.
Chlorophyll molecules absorb
blue and red light, but reflect
green light
6
7. Nanotechnology To The Rescue
• Chemists at the University of California, Berkeley, have designed a „plastic‟
solar cell which utilizes tiny nanorods to convert light into electricity
• These solar cells consist of a layer of tiny nanorods only 200 nanometers thick,
dispersed within a polymer.
• So far these cells can produce only 0.7 volts, so they are only appropriate for
low-power devices.
• These cells could be mass produced because the nanorod layers could simply
be applied in separate coats.
7
8. • Nanorods behave as wires because when they absorb light of a specific wavelength
they generate electrons.
• These electrons flow through the nanorods until they reach the aluminum electrode
where they are combined to form a current and are used as electricity.
This type of cell is cheaper to manufacture than conventional ones for two main reasons.
• Plastic cells are not made from silicon, which can be very expensive.
• Manufacturing these cells does not require expensive equipment like
conventional silicon based solar cells.
8
9. How a Dye-Sensitized Cell Works
• Light with high enough energy excites electrons in dye molecules.
• Excited electrons infused into semiconducting TiO2, transported out of cell
• Positive “holes” left in dye molecules
• Separation of excited electrons and “holes” creates a voltage
9
11. Thin film solar cells
• Made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin film)
of photovoltaic material on a substrate.
• A thin film of semiconductor is deposited by low cost methods
• Less material is required
• Cells can be flexible and integrated directly into roofing material.
• Categorized based on the material used
– Amorphous silicon (a-Si) and other thin-film silicon (TF-Si)
– Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
– Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS or CIGS)
– Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC)
11
12. Sources of energy loss
Thermalization of excess
energy
Efficiency limits CB
Below band gap photons
not absorbed
VB
12
13. Advantages of thin films
• Efficient and high performing materials
– Direct bandgap semiconductors
– Better energy output –kWh/KW
– CIGS record at 20%+ conversion efficiency
• Significantly reduced costs
– Less material usage
– Not affected by silicon supply shortages
– Potential for improving costs throughout value chain
• Advanced manufacturing techniques
– Fewer processing steps
– Monolithic integration of circuits
– Automation
• Better aesthetics
13
14. Comparison of materials
Technology Maximum Advantages Disadvantages
Demonstrate
d Efficiency
for small cells
a-Si 12.2% Mature Low efficiency
manufacturing High equipment costs
technology
CdTe 16.5% Low-cost Medium efficiency
manufacturing Rigid glass substrate
CIGS 19.9% High efficiency Film uniformity challenge
Glass or flexible on large substrates
substrates
14
15. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells
glass
CdS/CdTe
• Direct bandgap, Eg=1.45eV
• High efficiency (Record:16.5%;
Industry: 11%)
• High module production speed
• Long term stability (20 years)
15
16. Disadvantages of Cadmium Telluride
• Cadmium is toxic
• Tellurium is a limited reserve
– First Solar used half of the world‟s annual production of Te in
2009
– The cost of Te could go up a lot before affecting the price of solar
cells
Search for other abundant materials…
16
17. CIGS solar cells
CIGS - Copper Indium Gallium (di)Selenide
• The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (1.0 eV)
and copper gallium selenide (1.7 eV )
• Because the material strongly absorbs sunlight, a much thinner film is required
than of other semiconductor materials. The CIGS absorber is deposited on a
glass backing, along with electrodes to collect current
• CIGS solar cells has efficiencies greater than 20% as compared to 10% for
silicon based solar cell
17
18. CIGS solar cells
Shell Solar, CA
Global Solar Energy, AZ
Energy Photovoltaics, NJ
ISET, CA
ITN/ES, CO
NanoSolar Inc., CA
DayStar Technologies, NY/CA
MiaSole, CA
HelioVolt, Tx
Solyndra, CA
SoloPower, CA
Wurth Solar, CIS Solartechnik and
Solarion, Germany
Solibro, Sweden
CISEL, France
Showa Shell and Honda, Japan
Mosar Baer and Rays Expert, India
18
19. CIGS manufacturing process
• The most common vacuum-based process co-
sputters CIG, then anneals the resulting film
with a selenide vapor to form the final CIGS
structure.
• NanoSolar uses a non-vacuum-based process
that mixes the materials into a liquid then
deposits nano-particles of the precursor
materials on the substrate and then sinters it.
• SoloPower uses electroplating to apply the
CIGS layer.
• Another technique is to dissolve the material
into a liquid, apply it to a surface and bake it.
19
22. Future of Nano solar cells
• There is huge demand for use of renewable resources due to its low
carbon footprint with solar energy is leading the race as a viable
alternative for fossil fuels
• Low efficiency and expensive silicon wafers, makes nano solar cells
the future of solar panels
• Along with silicon and CIGS, other materials are being studied which
produce higher efficiencies and at a low cost
22
23. PV Solutions for Urban Solarcells
Future of Nano solar Applications
23
Silicon wafers are 150 µm thick, the wafers demand multiple processing steps before they can be integrated into a module. On the contrary, thin-film solar cells utilize only a 1-4 µm-thick layer of semiconducting material to produce electricity, thus requiring less processing and fewer materials.
World record efficiency = 20.0 %.Many companies are evaporating, printing, sputtering and electro-depositing it.Handling a 4-element compound is tough.
Sputering: Atoms are ejected from a solid due to bombardment of energetic particlesSintering: Creating objects from powders
TCO - transparent conductive oxideIn chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.