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Solarcells
Photovoltaic solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Silicon-based solar cells have higher efficiency but are more expensive to produce, while dye-sensitized solar cells have lower efficiency but are cheaper to manufacture. Both types have advantages and disadvantages. Nanotechnology could help address challenges to improve solar cell performance and lower costs through approaches like organic and hybrid cells, nanocrystalline films, quantum dots, and nanowires. Harnessing solar power on a massive scale through continued research represents an enormous opportunity to meet global energy needs sustainably.
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Solarcells
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- 2. Solar Energy CLEAN & RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE SUN Sources: http://www.thefuture-energy.com/EnergyResource.gif
- 3. How Solar Electricity Works Sources: http://homessolarpower.alancho2310.com/images/HomesSolarPower4.jpg
- 4. Solar Cells ELECTRICAL DEVICES THAT CONVERT THE ENERGY OF LIGHT DIRECTLY INTO ELECTRICITY Sources: http://www.pvsolarchina.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Solar-cell-type.jpg http://www.pipkinelectric.com/picts/pv_solar_module_efficiency_chart.jpg http://www.applied-solar.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/various_types_of_solar_cells.jpg
- 5. Silicon-based Solar Cells Light with This separation Energy is given The energy energy greater A positive “hole” of electrons and to an electron in excites the than the band is left in the holes creates a the crystal electron; it is gap energy of Si electron’s place voltage and a lattice free to move is absorbed current Sources: http://nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarcellanimation.html http://www.nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarenergy/CE_SolarSlides.ppt http://www.reuk.co.uk/OtherImages/solar-cell-in-panel-kit.jpg
- 6. Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Excited electrons Light with high infuse into Separation of Positive “holes” enough energy semiconducting excited electrons left in dye excites electrons TiO2, and are and “holes” molecules in dye molecules transported out creates a voltage of cell Sources: http://nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarcellanimation.html http://www.nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarenergy/CE_SolarSlides.ppt http://www.azooptics.com/images/news/NewsImage_2835.jpg
- 7. Solar Cells Comparison SILICON-BASED SOLAR CELLS DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS • Higher efficiency • Lower efficiency • Longer life • Shorter life • Expensive • Relatively inexpensive – Made in high vacuum at high heat – Made in non-vacuum setting – High manufacturing costs mainly at room temperature • Need TLC – Relatively simple manufacturing process – Fragile, rigid, thick • Need little TLC • Long return on investment – Thin, lightweight, flexible – Takes 4 years to produce energy savings equivalent to cost of • Short return on investment production – Takes approx 3 months to produce energy savings equivalent to cost of production Sources: http://www.nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarenergy/CE_SolarSlides.ppt http://www.nano.fraunhofer.de/english/images/ise_z_module_small.jpg http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/solar-powered-backpack-2.jpg
- 8. Solar NANO Challenges Organic and Hybrid Cells Nanocrystalline TiO2 Film (DSSC) Quantum Dot Solar Cells Nanowire Solar Cells Sources: http://blog.cafefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/caltech-outdoor-carpet-solar-cell.bmp http://blog.cafefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/U-of-Illinois-stamped-solar-cell1.bmp http://www.briansager.com/images/Nanosolar_sm.jpg http://www.docstoc.com/docs/45770668/Nano--Solar-cells-Solar-Cells-of-Nano-Solar-cells-Solar-Cells-of http://www.rsc.org/images/imahori-375-FOR-TRIDION_tcm18-125827.jpg http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~luzheng/images/research/organic_solar_cell.jpg http://zoo.kaist.ac.kr/images/menu3/m3_img3_03.jpg
- 9. Solar Future? The Sun is a singular Enormous gap between Interdisciplinary solution to our future our tiny use of solar research is required: energy needs: energy and its immense - physics, chemistry, biology, mate -capacity dwarfs fossil, nuclear, potential: rials, nanoscience wind . . . -incremental advances in today’s -sunlight delivers more energy in technology will not bridge the gap one hour than the earth uses in -conceptual breakthroughs are one year needed that come only from high -free of greenhouse gases and risk-high payoff basic research pollutants -secure from geo-political constraints „SOLAR ENERGY IS INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOSCIENCE“ Sources: http://cnst.rice.edu/uploadedFiles/Resources/Presentations/671%20ACC%20070807.pdf http://www.solarpanels365.com/uploaded_images/how-much-do-solar-panels-cost-776558.jpg