This document provides an overview of plant structures and their functions, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It defines basic root systems like taproots and fibrous roots, and describes root functions such as anchoring, water absorption, and food storage. The document also outlines stem structures and functions, common leaf shapes and arrangements, parts of flowers and inflorescences, and different types of fruits and seeds. Definitions and examples are included for each plant structure.

1. Name that plant part!

2. Overall Plant Structure Source: Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn. 1986. Biology of Plants. 4 th Ed. Worth Publishers, Inc.

3. More Examples: Source: Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn. 1986. Biology of Plants. 4 th Ed. Worth Publishers, Inc.

4. Final Example: Source: Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn. 1986. Biology of Plants. 4 th Ed. Worth Publishers, Inc.

5. Root Functions: Anchoring the plant (citrus tap root) Absorbing water and minerals from the soil and transporting them to the stem Food Storage (Carrot) Aeration (Black Mangrove and Cypress; pneumatophores) Support (Red Mangrove and Corn; Proproots)

6. Root Systems Consist of: Primary roots Secondary roots (rootlets) Root Hairs

7. Three Basic Types of Root Systems: Fibrous Taproot Storage Taproot Source: Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn. 1986. Biology of Plants. 4 th Ed. Worth Publishers, Inc. Smith. 2000.The Vegetable Gardener’s Bible. Storey Books. Pownal, VT.

8. Other Important Root Terms: Root Hairs Fleshy Roots Aerial Roots Knees

9. Root Hairs: Root hairs are tubular extensions of epidermal cells Increase root surface area Greatly increases plants ability to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

10. Fleshy Roots:

11. Aerial Roots:

12. Roots with a support function:

13. Stems: Parker. 1998. Introduction to Plant Science. Delmar Publishers. New York.

14. Stem Functions: Attachment point for leaves, flowers, and fruit House the vascular system Storage (tubers, corms, bulbs, rhizomes) Can serve to help plant spread (runners, tendrils, thorns

15. Crowns Short inconspicuous stems:

16. Simple Stems without branches:

17. Other types of stems Branched (many plants) Climbing Creeping Rhizomes (potatoes) Stolons (stem connecting strawberry daughter plants to the mother plant)

18. Leaves:

19. Simple Compound Tip Midrib Axillary Bud Secondary Vein Leaflet Margin Base Petiole

20. A Sample of Leaf Shapes Scale-like Needle-like Chordate -Ovate Ovate- Chordate Palmately Lobed Pinnately Lobed Lanceolate

21. Sample Leaf Margins Double serrate Entire Lobed Incised Serrate Crenate

22. Leaf Tips Leaf Bases Cuspidate Acuminate Acute Round Chordate Hastate Rounded Oblique

23. Leaf Venation Dichotomous Palmate Pinnate

24. Leaf Arrangements on the Stem Alternate Opposite

25. Compound Leaf Arrangements Palmately Pinnately Bipinnately

26. Flower Parts http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/301Manhart/repro/Flower%20diagram/flower_diagram.htm

27. Source: University of Florida/IFAS Extension

28. Petal Sepal Pistil Stamen

30. Flower vs. Inflorescence

31. http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/projects/bmv/vmm-deluxe/Animations.html#cpoundlf

32. Racemose Inflorescences http://www.gardenwithinsight.com/help100/00000418.htm

33. Cymose Inflorescences Cyme Scorpiod Cyme Fascicle

34. Review of Inflorescence Types

36. Monoecious Dioecious

37. Dry Fruits Achene (sunflower seed) Samara (winged maple seed) Nuts (walnut) Grain Capsule Silique Legume (peas) Follicle (milkweed)

38. Fleshy Fruits Drupe (peach) Berry tomato Pepo (watermelon) Hesperidium (orange) Pome (apple) Aggregate (strawberry) Multiple (pineapple)

40. Seed Parts you should know: Seed coat Endosperm Cotyledon Epicotyl Hypocotyl embryo http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs/TMI/hcs200/seed.html

41. Source: Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn. 1986. Biology of Plants. 4 th Ed. Worth Publishers, Inc.