The document discusses flower anatomy. It begins by stating that flowering plants are important for agriculture as major food crops like wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans are flowering plants. It then describes the parts of flowers including the male stamen and female pistil. Flowers can be perfect or imperfect, complete or incomplete. Plants can be monoecious or dioecious. Monocots and dicots differ in their flower structures. Flowers may be solitary or occur in inflorescences, which can take forms like spikes, racemes, panicles and more.
This document defines and describes the typical parts of a flower including the pedicel, receptacle, sepal, calyx, petal, corolla, pistil, stamen, anther, filament, style, stigma and ovary. It also discusses the classification of flowers based on presence or absence of floral parts, size and shape of parts, symmetry, and position of the ovary. Complete flowers have all four parts - sepal, petal, stamen and pistil - while incomplete flowers lack one or more. Perfect flowers have both stamen and pistil, imperfect have only one.
This document provides an outline and objectives for a lesson on vascular plants from Botany 103. It will cover overview of vascular plants and their organs, plant growth and development, plant embryology, plant growing seasons, and the specific organs of roots, stems, and leaves. The lesson objectives are for learners to define key terms, identify plant organs, describe plant structures and embryonic development, and understand the general functions of roots, stems, and leaves. The document then provides details on each of these topics in the given lesson outline.
This document describes various types of inflorescences including racemose, cymose, mixed, and special types. Racemose inflorescences include racemes, panicles, spikes, compound spikes, catkins, corymbs, and umbels. Cymose inflorescences include solitary cymes, simple cymes, monochasial cymes, dichasial cymes, and polychasial cymes. Mixed inflorescences include thyrsus and fascicles. Special inflorescences include verticillasters, hypanthodium, and cyathium. Each type is defined and an example is provided.
This document discusses plant inflorescences and flower structure. It defines inflorescence as the arrangement of flowers on a plant. The main types are racemose and cymose inflorescences. It then describes the parts of a flower including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It provides details on the structure and function of each floral part like sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, ovaries, styles and stigmas. It also discusses flower symmetry, aestivation and insertion.
Structure, Development & Function of PeridermFatima Ramay
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
This document presents information on different types of inflorescences. It discusses racemose inflorescences, where the main axis grows continually and flowers form laterally in an acropetal succession. Some examples of racemose inflorescences include racemes, spikes, spikelets, catkins, spadices, corymbs, umbels, and capitula. It also discusses cymose inflorescences, where the main axis growth is checked by the formation of the terminal flower, leading to younger flowers developing on lateral branches. Examples of cymose inflorescences include uniparous, biparous, and multiparous types. The document also briefly describes some
Bog mosses or peat mosses are commonly found in poorly drained, wet areas with high rainfall. They are the only genus of moss called Sphagnum, which is found throughout temperate and polar regions. Sphagnum grows in acidic water and forms dense masses that, along with remains of other plants, decompose into peat. It reproduces both vegetatively through innovations and sexually. The male branches bear antheridia that release sperm, while the female branches have archegonia fertilized by the sperm. After fertilization, the sporophyte develops containing a foot, seta, and capsule that eventually bursts to release spores.
Flowers are modified shoots specialized for sexual reproduction. A flower consists of a very short axis called the thalamus with condensed internodes. Floral organs including sepals, petals, stamens and carpels are arranged in whorls on the thalamus. Flowers can be bisexual with both male and female parts or unisexual with only male or female parts. They also vary in symmetry, with actinomorphic flowers being radially symmetrical and zygomorphic being bilaterally symmetrical. The arrangement of floral organs can be cyclic, spiral or both.
This document defines and describes the typical parts of a flower including the pedicel, receptacle, sepal, calyx, petal, corolla, pistil, stamen, anther, filament, style, stigma and ovary. It also discusses the classification of flowers based on presence or absence of floral parts, size and shape of parts, symmetry, and position of the ovary. Complete flowers have all four parts - sepal, petal, stamen and pistil - while incomplete flowers lack one or more. Perfect flowers have both stamen and pistil, imperfect have only one.
This document provides an outline and objectives for a lesson on vascular plants from Botany 103. It will cover overview of vascular plants and their organs, plant growth and development, plant embryology, plant growing seasons, and the specific organs of roots, stems, and leaves. The lesson objectives are for learners to define key terms, identify plant organs, describe plant structures and embryonic development, and understand the general functions of roots, stems, and leaves. The document then provides details on each of these topics in the given lesson outline.
This document describes various types of inflorescences including racemose, cymose, mixed, and special types. Racemose inflorescences include racemes, panicles, spikes, compound spikes, catkins, corymbs, and umbels. Cymose inflorescences include solitary cymes, simple cymes, monochasial cymes, dichasial cymes, and polychasial cymes. Mixed inflorescences include thyrsus and fascicles. Special inflorescences include verticillasters, hypanthodium, and cyathium. Each type is defined and an example is provided.
This document discusses plant inflorescences and flower structure. It defines inflorescence as the arrangement of flowers on a plant. The main types are racemose and cymose inflorescences. It then describes the parts of a flower including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It provides details on the structure and function of each floral part like sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, ovaries, styles and stigmas. It also discusses flower symmetry, aestivation and insertion.
Structure, Development & Function of PeridermFatima Ramay
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
This document presents information on different types of inflorescences. It discusses racemose inflorescences, where the main axis grows continually and flowers form laterally in an acropetal succession. Some examples of racemose inflorescences include racemes, spikes, spikelets, catkins, spadices, corymbs, umbels, and capitula. It also discusses cymose inflorescences, where the main axis growth is checked by the formation of the terminal flower, leading to younger flowers developing on lateral branches. Examples of cymose inflorescences include uniparous, biparous, and multiparous types. The document also briefly describes some
Bog mosses or peat mosses are commonly found in poorly drained, wet areas with high rainfall. They are the only genus of moss called Sphagnum, which is found throughout temperate and polar regions. Sphagnum grows in acidic water and forms dense masses that, along with remains of other plants, decompose into peat. It reproduces both vegetatively through innovations and sexually. The male branches bear antheridia that release sperm, while the female branches have archegonia fertilized by the sperm. After fertilization, the sporophyte develops containing a foot, seta, and capsule that eventually bursts to release spores.
Flowers are modified shoots specialized for sexual reproduction. A flower consists of a very short axis called the thalamus with condensed internodes. Floral organs including sepals, petals, stamens and carpels are arranged in whorls on the thalamus. Flowers can be bisexual with both male and female parts or unisexual with only male or female parts. They also vary in symmetry, with actinomorphic flowers being radially symmetrical and zygomorphic being bilaterally symmetrical. The arrangement of floral organs can be cyclic, spiral or both.
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
The stem consists of nodes and internodes. Axillary and apical buds form branches and elongate the shoot tip. The shoot apex contains a dome-shaped apical meristem that produces leaves and axillary buds. It is organized into an outer layer called the tunica and inner region called the corpus. Leaf primordia develop from the sides of the apical meristem.
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Guttation is the process by which drops of xylem sap appear on the tips or edges of leaves, usually at night. It occurs through specialized pores called hydathodes, and is caused by root pressure forcing water into the leaves. The water contains minerals and other compounds. Transpiration also involves water movement through plants but occurs during the day through stomata and results in water vapor loss rather than liquid droplets. While both processes move water, guttation provides little benefit to plants and may sometimes injure them by depositing salts.
This document provides an overview of plant tissues. It begins by outlining the chapter which covers basic plant cell types, vascular plant tissues, an overview of vascular plants, and plant growth and development. The objective is to identify and describe plant tissue types, including their structure, location, and function. The document then describes the three main types of plant tissues - meristematic tissues, permanent tissues, and complex permanent tissues. It provides details on each tissue type, including characteristics, classification, and functions. In summary, the document provides a detailed overview of the different plant tissue types, their structures and roles in vascular plants.
This document provides information about the Asteraceae family of flowering plants. It discusses the classification, distribution, morphological characteristics, types of flowers (disc and ray florets), and some economically important species of the family. Key points include that Asteraceae is one of the largest families, comprising around 950 genera and 20,000 species worldwide. It describes the distinguishing features of the family such as the composite flower head (capitulum) made up of disc and ray florets. Common genera mentioned are Helianthus, Eclipta, Tridax, Tagetes and Calendula.
This document compares the leaf anatomy of dicots and monocots. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral orientation with stomata on the upper epidermis. Their mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, and their vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath cells made of collenchyma. Monocot leaves have an isobilateral orientation with stomata on both epidermis. Their mesophyll is not differentiated and contains bulliform cells that control leaf curling. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma bundle sheath cells.
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
This presentation is based on the anatomy of fruit, types of fruit, their description and the reproductive part of fruit which is seed, and the anatomy of seed and the types of germination.
This PPT contains the application of Plant Anatomy in the field of Pharmacognosy & Plant systemics with number of examples to explore the beauty of this subject .
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
This document summarizes the development of the female gametophyte in angiosperms. It begins with an introduction to the megaspore mother cell and its development into the female gametophyte through meiosis. There are three main types of female gametophytes - monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic - which are distinguished by the number of megaspores involved. A monosporic gametophyte develops from a single megaspore, while bisporic and tetrasporic involve two and four megaspores, respectively. Examples of each type are provided, including the common Polygonum type of monosporic gametophyte and the Allium and
This document summarizes the anatomy of roots. It describes the different layers from outer to inner, including the epidermis, cortex, and stele. The epidermis is the outermost layer, with thin parenchyma cells in a compact arrangement. The cortex beneath is loosely arranged with spaces. The innermost cortex contains barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. The stele in the center contains xylem and phloem arranged in a radial pattern around the pith.
This document discusses flower anatomy and structure. It defines key parts of flowers including the sepals, petals, stamens, pistils, carpels, styles and stigmas. It describes different flower types such as actinomorphic versus zygomorphic flowers. It also covers flower variations in terms of symmetry, ovary position, completeness, and arrangements in inflorescences. The objectives are to learn about inflorescences, draw and label a flower diagram, examine floral materials by dissection, and answer questions about the flower parts.
This document summarizes secondary growth in dicot roots. It begins by explaining the importance of secondary growth in increasing a plant's ability to absorb and transport water and minerals. It then describes the anatomy of a dicot root, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular strands, and pith. The document notes that secondary growth in roots occurs through the formation of a cambial ring, unlike in dicot stems. It also provides brief definitions of xylem and phloem tissue and explains that roots can form periderm through a similar process of secondary growth.
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
The stem consists of nodes and internodes. Axillary and apical buds form branches and elongate the shoot tip. The shoot apex contains a dome-shaped apical meristem that produces leaves and axillary buds. It is organized into an outer layer called the tunica and inner region called the corpus. Leaf primordia develop from the sides of the apical meristem.
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Guttation is the process by which drops of xylem sap appear on the tips or edges of leaves, usually at night. It occurs through specialized pores called hydathodes, and is caused by root pressure forcing water into the leaves. The water contains minerals and other compounds. Transpiration also involves water movement through plants but occurs during the day through stomata and results in water vapor loss rather than liquid droplets. While both processes move water, guttation provides little benefit to plants and may sometimes injure them by depositing salts.
This document provides an overview of plant tissues. It begins by outlining the chapter which covers basic plant cell types, vascular plant tissues, an overview of vascular plants, and plant growth and development. The objective is to identify and describe plant tissue types, including their structure, location, and function. The document then describes the three main types of plant tissues - meristematic tissues, permanent tissues, and complex permanent tissues. It provides details on each tissue type, including characteristics, classification, and functions. In summary, the document provides a detailed overview of the different plant tissue types, their structures and roles in vascular plants.
This document provides information about the Asteraceae family of flowering plants. It discusses the classification, distribution, morphological characteristics, types of flowers (disc and ray florets), and some economically important species of the family. Key points include that Asteraceae is one of the largest families, comprising around 950 genera and 20,000 species worldwide. It describes the distinguishing features of the family such as the composite flower head (capitulum) made up of disc and ray florets. Common genera mentioned are Helianthus, Eclipta, Tridax, Tagetes and Calendula.
This document compares the leaf anatomy of dicots and monocots. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral orientation with stomata on the upper epidermis. Their mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, and their vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath cells made of collenchyma. Monocot leaves have an isobilateral orientation with stomata on both epidermis. Their mesophyll is not differentiated and contains bulliform cells that control leaf curling. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma bundle sheath cells.
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
This presentation is based on the anatomy of fruit, types of fruit, their description and the reproductive part of fruit which is seed, and the anatomy of seed and the types of germination.
This PPT contains the application of Plant Anatomy in the field of Pharmacognosy & Plant systemics with number of examples to explore the beauty of this subject .
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
This document summarizes the development of the female gametophyte in angiosperms. It begins with an introduction to the megaspore mother cell and its development into the female gametophyte through meiosis. There are three main types of female gametophytes - monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic - which are distinguished by the number of megaspores involved. A monosporic gametophyte develops from a single megaspore, while bisporic and tetrasporic involve two and four megaspores, respectively. Examples of each type are provided, including the common Polygonum type of monosporic gametophyte and the Allium and
This document summarizes the anatomy of roots. It describes the different layers from outer to inner, including the epidermis, cortex, and stele. The epidermis is the outermost layer, with thin parenchyma cells in a compact arrangement. The cortex beneath is loosely arranged with spaces. The innermost cortex contains barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. The stele in the center contains xylem and phloem arranged in a radial pattern around the pith.
This document discusses flower anatomy and structure. It defines key parts of flowers including the sepals, petals, stamens, pistils, carpels, styles and stigmas. It describes different flower types such as actinomorphic versus zygomorphic flowers. It also covers flower variations in terms of symmetry, ovary position, completeness, and arrangements in inflorescences. The objectives are to learn about inflorescences, draw and label a flower diagram, examine floral materials by dissection, and answer questions about the flower parts.
This document summarizes secondary growth in dicot roots. It begins by explaining the importance of secondary growth in increasing a plant's ability to absorb and transport water and minerals. It then describes the anatomy of a dicot root, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular strands, and pith. The document notes that secondary growth in roots occurs through the formation of a cambial ring, unlike in dicot stems. It also provides brief definitions of xylem and phloem tissue and explains that roots can form periderm through a similar process of secondary growth.
The document discusses key differences between monocots and dicots. It defines morphology and anatomy, and describes monocots and dicots having single and double cotyledons respectively. Roots, stems, and leaves are compared between the two classes, noting differences in vascular structure and venation patterns. Modified stems and leaves are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses flowers and their morphology. It defines flowers and their essential parts including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It describes how flowers can be classified based on their arrangement of floral parts, number of whorls, symmetry, presence of sexual organs, and more. The summary provides high-level information about the topic and structure of the document in 3 sentences:
The document defines flowers and their morphology, discussing their essential parts and how they can be classified based on characteristics like arrangement of parts, number of whorls, and presence of sexual organs. It provides details on the calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium
The document summarizes the three main tissue systems in flowering plants:
1. The epidermal tissue system forms the outer covering of the plant and includes the epidermis, stomata, and epidermal appendages.
2. The ground tissue system lies below the epidermis and includes regions like the hypodermis, cortex, endodermis, and pith that are involved in storage.
3. The vascular tissue system comprises the conducting tissues xylem and phloem which occur in vascular bundles and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Plants are important as they provide oxygen, prevent famine, and are used for medicine. They are used in agriculture for crops like wheat and rice, as well as ornamental landscaping. The five major parts of a flowering plant are the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruit. Leaves collect sunlight and facilitate photosynthesis and transpiration. Stems produce and support leaves and transport water and nutrients. Roots provide anchoring, absorb water and nutrients, and come in three types: taproots, fibrous roots, and adventitious roots. Flowers are the reproductive organ and fruit develops from the ovary to aid seed production and dispersal.
The document defines and describes the key parts and structures of angiosperm flowers. It discusses the four whorls that make up a typical flower - calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It then provides detailed descriptions and classifications of the reproductive structures within each whorl, including their morphologies, arrangements, and functions in plant reproduction. Technical terms are defined for describing flower types, sex expression, symmetry, presence or absence of various floral parts, and more.
This document provides an overview of plant anatomy and the organization of tissues and tissue systems in flowering plants. It discusses the three main tissue types - meristematic, permanent and complex permanent tissues. It describes the different meristem types and permanent tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. It also summarizes the two complex tissues - xylem and phloem that make up the vascular system. Finally, it outlines the three main tissue systems in plants - the epidermal, vascular and ground tissue systems and their components and functions.
This chapter was really heavy
Divided it in three parts ,
1. Roots, Stem , leaves
2.Flowers, Fruits ,seed
Two parts are included, third part will be uploaded soon.
~Please comment ~ Feel free to Suggest~♥
This document summarizes plant anatomy and physiology, focusing on the four basic parts of plants - leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. It describes the structures and functions of each part in detail, including tissues of the leaf like the epidermis, mesophyll layer, and vascular bundles. It also discusses specialized stem structures like bulbs, tubers, and rhizomes. The summary provides an overview of the key components and processes in plant anatomy.
Flowers have reproductive organs called pistils and stamens. Pistils are the female organs and stamens are the male organs. Flowers can be classified based on their parts, symmetry, sex, composition, and inflorescence. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma and can be cross-pollination between plants or self-pollination within a plant. Common agents of pollination include wind, water, insects, mammals, and birds.
1. Plant leaves have specialized tissues that allow for gas exchange and photosynthesis. The palisade mesophyll contains many chloroplasts and is the main photosynthetic tissue, while the spongy mesophyll contains fewer chloroplasts and provides space for gas exchange through its proximity to stomata.
2. Stomata are pores bordered by guard cells that open and close to regulate transpiration and gas exchange. Transpiration creates a pull that drives the movement of water from roots through xylem vessels and tracheids.
3. The phloem transports sugars and other organic compounds produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant, allowing for storage and growth.
Parts of plants (roots, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed) slidesharelilycastle
Plants have several key parts that work together to help them grow and survive. The roots hold the plant in the ground and take in water and nutrients from the soil. The stem carries water and nutrients between the roots and leaves. The leaves take in sunlight to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis and produce seeds or fruit that contain seeds to make new plants.
Flowers are beautiful plants that come in many colors like red, yellow, pink and more. They have petals, stems and leaves. People enjoy receiving or giving flowers to show appreciation or for holidays.
This document contains a 3-sentence summary of an English project on the names of flowers in English, Hindi and Tamil. It lists the names of 18 different flowers in the three languages along with the student's name, class, roll number and teacher who guided the project. The student hopes that everyone likes their presentation providing the names of common flowers in 3 major languages spoken in India.
This document discusses different types of flowers that bloom in various seasons like spring, summer and winter. It notes that flowers have attractive colors and make fruits and seeds. It also provides examples of edible flowers and flowers used for cooking, relaxation, dyeing clothes and decoration. Some key facts mentioned include that roses, sunflower seeds and lavender have uses beyond aesthetics and that the largest flower is the titan arum which smells like decaying flesh.
Morphology of flowering plants - I (root, stem & leaf)Aarif Kanadia
This document provides information on plant root morphology from Dr. Aarif. It discusses the key parts and regions of the root including the root cap, meristematic region, elongation region, root hair region, and maturation region. It describes the functions of roots and modifications such as taproots and adventitious root systems. Taproots are further divided into storage roots like conical, fusiform, and napiform roots. Adventitious roots can form prop roots, stilt roots, and climbing roots. The document also discusses underground modifications like rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs which allow for food storage, perennation, and vegetative propagation.
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperm plants that contain male and female organs. They are found at the end of stems, called pedicels, and have four main parts: pistils, which are the female organs containing ovaries, styles and stigmas; stamens, which are the male organs containing filaments and pollen-producing anthers; sepals, which are green structures protecting the developing bud; and petals, which are colorful structures that attract pollinators. Flowers can be complete or incomplete, perfect or imperfect, depending on whether they contain all flower parts or are missing some parts. They can also be arranged as single flowers or in clusters called inflorescences.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
This document discusses different types of inflorescences, which are clusters of flowers on a plant. It describes eight main types of racemose inflorescences: raceme, panicle, corymb, spike, spadix, umbel, capitulum, and catkin. For each type, it provides details on the structure of the flower cluster and examples of plant species that exhibit that inflorescence type.
The document discusses the morphology of flowering plants. It describes the root system as either taproot or fibrous, and the regions of the root including the root cap, region of elongation and region of maturation. Stems can be modified as tubers, bulbs, rhizomes or stolons for storage and support. Leaves originate from the stem and their venation and arrangement is described. Flowers make up the inflorescence and have four whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Their symmetry and arrangement on the thalamus is also detailed.
The document discusses the floral structure of various plant families including cereals, legumes, and cotton. It provides detailed descriptions of the floral parts and their functions, as well as the morphology of flowers in families like grasses, legumes, and malvaceae. Examples of floral structures are given for crops like rice, wheat, maize, and cotton. The summary concludes that understanding floral biology and morphology is important for plant breeding and maintaining genetic purity.
The document describes the morphological parts of flowers including the sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and their arrangements. It also discusses different types of inflorescences such as spikes, umbels, racemes, heads, and panicles. Examples are provided for each floral part and inflorescence structure.
The document describes the morphological parts of flowers including the sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and their arrangements. It also discusses different types of inflorescences such as spikes, umbels, racemes, heads, and panicles. Examples are provided for each floral part and inflorescence structure.
The document describes various parts and types of flowers. It defines terms like pistil, stigma, style, ovary, stamen, petal, sepal, complete flower, incomplete flower, perfect flower, imperfect flower. It discusses classification of flowers into complete/incomplete and perfect/imperfect. It also describes types of flowers like monoecious, dioecious, pistillate, staminate. Additionally, it covers floral formulas, parts of an inflorescence like raceme, spike, head, corymb, umbel and types of fruits.
Division Anthophyta contains flowering plants (angiosperms) which differ from non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms) in producing flowers and fruits. Angiosperms enclose their ovules within a carpel and after fertilization the ovule develops into a seed within the fruit. Flowers function to protect gametes and aid in pollination and fertilization. A flower typically has four specialized whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Floral parts can be described using formulas and diagrams which indicate symmetry, part numbers and relationships.
Flowers first evolved around 140 million years ago during the Late Jurassic period. Flowering plants (angiosperms) are now the dominant form of plant life on Earth's land. They have been so successful because their flowers have adaptations that encourage effective pollination, including protective ovaries, floral structures that reward pollinators, and fast reproductive cycles. A complete flower possesses four whorls (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil), while an incomplete flower lacks one or more of these whorls. Flowers attract pollinators through traits like coloration and nectar production in order to facilitate reproduction.
angiosperms
morphology of a flowering plant
parts of flowering plant.
What are angiosperms? Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits. They are the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae, with about 300,000 species. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all known living green plant.
The outstanding and most significant feature of the flowering plants (and that which sets them out from other vascular plants) is the flower. Understanding the flower structure and names of the parts is important as it is the most important set of characters for both recognizing and keying species, genera, families, etc.
Floral parts (terms & illustrations)
1. Peduncle / pedicel - floral stalk
2. Receptacle - the modified shoot or floral axis
3. Sepals / calyx - the outer most whorl; collectively all sepals are called the calyx. Sepals are typically green and protect the inner floral parts in buds
4. Petals / corolla -the next whorl, collectively all petals are called the corolla. Petals are typically brightly colored and and assist in attracting pollinators. The sepals and petal combined are called the perianth. If the perianth parts cannot be differentiated into sepals and petals, that is, that look so much alike, then they are called tepals.
5. Stamens (androecium) - the next whorls, each stamen has two parts: filament and anthers. Androecium or "male house", the name for all the stamens. The anthers house the microsporangia which undergo meiosis and produce pollen grains.
6. Nectaries - are often associated with flowers, they are found at the receptacle and offer a reward to animal pollinators.
7. Carpels (gynoecium) - The innermost and final whorl is composed of all the carpels and is the site for pollination and fertilization. Collectively all carpels are called the gynoecium: "female house". Carpel has three parts: stigma which receives pollen, the style which is the a slender region specialized for pollen tube growth and the ovary which is an enlarged basal portion and surrounds and protects the ovules. The structure(s) in the center of the flower are often referred to as the pistil(s). Pistil is a layman's term for "flask-shape" structure, so anything with that structure is called a pistil. This is one of the more confusing parts of the flower; more on this below.
Flowers are the reproductive parts of plants,which are responsible for the production of gametes or sex cells ((non flowering plants).
A flower is modified shoot in which the leaves are modified into floral parts. A blossom propagates a branch from a bud in the axil of a little leaf-like structure called the bract. A bract is commonly green due to presence of chlorophyll and is a very small structure (non flowering plants).
Flowers are the reproductive parts of plants,which are responsible for the production of gametes or sex cells ((non flowering plants).
A flower is modified shoot in which the leaves are modified into floral parts. A blossom propagates a branch from a bud in the axil of a little leaf-like structure called the bract. A bract is commonly green due to presence of chlorophyll and is a very small structure (non flowering plants).
This document summarizes the parts of a flower. It discusses that a flower has four main parts: the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It describes each part in detail, including that the calyx and corolla are non-essential parts, while the androecium and gynoecium are essential reproductive parts. It also classifies flowers as complete or incomplete based on presence of parts, and discusses types of unisexual flowers.
This document summarizes the parts of a flower. It discusses that a flower has four main parts: the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It describes each part in detail, including that the calyx and corolla are non-essential parts, while the androecium and gynoecium are essential reproductive parts. It also classifies flowers as complete or incomplete based on presence of parts, and discusses types of unisexual flowers.
1. Plants reproduce both sexually through flowers and pollination or asexually through vegetative propagation of plant parts like stems, leaves, and roots.
2. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves pollen transferring between male stamen and female pistil parts of a flower, while asexual reproduction uses vegetative plant parts to generate new plants without seeds.
3. Plants are classified by their reproductive structures, from nonvascular bryophytes like mosses reproducing via spores, to seedless vascular ferns and gymnosperms bearing spores or cones, to the largest group of flowering angiosperms.
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