The document summarizes basic plant morphology and parts. It discusses roots, stems, leaves, buds, branches, plant habits, root and stem types, leaf structures, arrangements, and venation. Key parts include roots that absorb and anchor, stems that support and conduct, and leaves that photosynthesize. Herbs have annual above-ground parts while shrubs and trees are woody. Leaves can be simple or compound with different arrangements.
Stems of many plants are modified to perform different functions such as storage, protection, photosynthesis, support, propagation and perennation. Modifications help in better adaptation and survival.
Stems develop from the plumule of the germinating seed. It bears leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. The characteristic feature of a stem is nodes and internodes. The main function of the stem is to support other parts of the plant and conduction of food, water and minerals.
In some plants, stems are modified, which can be aerial, subaerial or underground modifications. They are modified to perform other functions, which are not normally associated with the stem.
Stems of many plants are modified to perform different functions such as storage, protection, photosynthesis, support, propagation and perennation. Modifications help in better adaptation and survival.
Stems develop from the plumule of the germinating seed. It bears leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. The characteristic feature of a stem is nodes and internodes. The main function of the stem is to support other parts of the plant and conduction of food, water and minerals.
In some plants, stems are modified, which can be aerial, subaerial or underground modifications. They are modified to perform other functions, which are not normally associated with the stem.
the presentation is about plant family Brassicaceae. in this presentation you will study about general introduction of the family, its distributions, vegetative characters, floral characters, floral formula and diagram, important genera of this family and economic importance of this family.
The plants of this family are found throughout the world. However, they are not found in arctic regions. In our country the family is represented by several genera such as, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Phyllanthus, Croton, Pedilanthus, etc. In the desert regions of Africa and elsewhere the family is represented by cactus-like plants of different species of Euphorbia.
Heath like Euphorbias are quite common in Australia. In Britain only two genera, i.e., Euphorbia and Mercurialis are found, which are represented by sixteen and two species respectively.
A Flower is :
Highly modified form of shoot
Have reproductive characteristic
With floral leaves
Calyx, Corolla collectively called Perianth and Androecium ,Gynoecium
These are arranged at Thalamus
Anatomy of Reproductive Parts: Flower, Fruit,SeedFatima Ramay
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Flowers give rise to fruit and seeds. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen.
Fruit anatomy is the internal structure of fruits.
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer (which is often edible) is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds.
But in some seemingly pericarp fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary. For example, in the fruit of the ackee tree the edible portion is an aril, and in the pineapple several tissues from the flower and stem are involved.
The outer covering of a seed is tough because the parent plant needs to protect the plant growing.
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering known as the seed coat.
It is a characteristic of spermatophytes (gymnosperm and angiosperm plants) and the product of the ripened ovule which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed plants (started with the development of flowers and pollination), with the embryo developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.
Rutaceae
CITRUS OR RUE FAMILY
Climate
Citrus grow well in subtropical climates
They can even grow in deserts (Arizona)
Drought tolerant (similar needs to cactus)
Somewhat cold tolerant (can withstand some freezing)
Source of Medicine
Aegle mameoles is used as laxative & in treatment of Dysentry
Pilocarpus source of drug Pilocarpin usedto treat Glucomma.
Peganum hamala seeds give in treatment of Asthama.
Cusparia febrifuga bark is used in treatment of Malaria.
Murraya koeniigii used in treatment of intestinal disorders.
It contains many ornamental plants & some plants are used as contaminents.
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
the presentation is about plant family Brassicaceae. in this presentation you will study about general introduction of the family, its distributions, vegetative characters, floral characters, floral formula and diagram, important genera of this family and economic importance of this family.
The plants of this family are found throughout the world. However, they are not found in arctic regions. In our country the family is represented by several genera such as, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Phyllanthus, Croton, Pedilanthus, etc. In the desert regions of Africa and elsewhere the family is represented by cactus-like plants of different species of Euphorbia.
Heath like Euphorbias are quite common in Australia. In Britain only two genera, i.e., Euphorbia and Mercurialis are found, which are represented by sixteen and two species respectively.
A Flower is :
Highly modified form of shoot
Have reproductive characteristic
With floral leaves
Calyx, Corolla collectively called Perianth and Androecium ,Gynoecium
These are arranged at Thalamus
Anatomy of Reproductive Parts: Flower, Fruit,SeedFatima Ramay
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Flowers give rise to fruit and seeds. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen.
Fruit anatomy is the internal structure of fruits.
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer (which is often edible) is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds.
But in some seemingly pericarp fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary. For example, in the fruit of the ackee tree the edible portion is an aril, and in the pineapple several tissues from the flower and stem are involved.
The outer covering of a seed is tough because the parent plant needs to protect the plant growing.
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering known as the seed coat.
It is a characteristic of spermatophytes (gymnosperm and angiosperm plants) and the product of the ripened ovule which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed plants (started with the development of flowers and pollination), with the embryo developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.
Rutaceae
CITRUS OR RUE FAMILY
Climate
Citrus grow well in subtropical climates
They can even grow in deserts (Arizona)
Drought tolerant (similar needs to cactus)
Somewhat cold tolerant (can withstand some freezing)
Source of Medicine
Aegle mameoles is used as laxative & in treatment of Dysentry
Pilocarpus source of drug Pilocarpin usedto treat Glucomma.
Peganum hamala seeds give in treatment of Asthama.
Cusparia febrifuga bark is used in treatment of Malaria.
Murraya koeniigii used in treatment of intestinal disorders.
It contains many ornamental plants & some plants are used as contaminents.
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Leaf - Introduction,Structure of A Leafsehriqayyum
Leaf - Introduction,Structure of A Leaf
Structure of Leaves
Though leaves of different plants are different, they have some common features like midrib, margin, veins, leaf apex, leaf stalk.The Petiole is a short length of stem that joins the leaf to stem.
18. Leaf Structural Type
Bract Bud Scale
-modified, usually reduced leaf -modified leaf functioning to
associated with flowers protect apical meristem of bud
19. Leaf Type / Parts
simple - blade not divided into leaflets
compound-leaf divided into discrete leaflets
20. Leaf Type / Parts
pinnately bipinnately
simple
compound compound
21. Leaf Type / Parts
ternate/ palmate
trifoliolate