Etiology/mechanism, pathogenesis, common signs and symptoms, peripheral blood picture and bone marrow picture.

1. MYELOPHTHISIC
ANEMIA
AARON JOSHUA LOPEZ MLS 3-B

2. ETIOLOGY AND
PATHOGENESIS
Infiltration of abnormal cells in the BM
Destruction and replacement of normal hematopoietic
stem cells.
Cytokines, GFs, other substances are released.
Premature release of immature cells.
Stem and progenitor cells migrate to the spleen and
liver.

3. MORPHOLOGY
Normocytic and normochromic
Peripheral blood
RBC and WBC precursors
Leukoerythroblast
 Bone marrow
 Abnormal cells

4. SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
Dizziness
Weakness
Palpitations
Fever(evidence of
infection)
Paleness
Tachycardia
 Hepatosplenomegaly

5. DIAGNOSIS
Peripheral blood, CBC, RBC indices
Teardrop cell
Immature WBC
Giant platelets
Leukoerythroblastosis (RBC and WBC precursors)
Reticulocyte count
Often low
Bone marrow examination
 Confirmatory

6. Peripheral
Bone marrow

7. CASE STUDY
A 46-year-old male patient presented with an 8 × 7-cm
ulcerated plaque on his chest, found to be morpheaform
basal cell on pathology. Laboratory findings were notable for
normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated LDH.
Further work up with bone marrow biopsy revealed tumor
cells. This confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic BCC
(MBCC) to bone marrow.

8. REFERENCES
Besa, K., “Myelophthisic Anemia.” eMedicine. K. Krishnan (Ed.). (August
2013) Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204647-overview
Besa, Emmanuel, Ulrich Woermann, and C. Wullstein. "Myelophthisic
Anemia." eMedicine. Eds. Koyamangalath Krishnan, et al. 8 Apr. 2002. Medscape.
(20 Oct. 2004) Retrieved from http//emedicine.com/med/topic1562.htm
Lichtin, A., “Myelophthisic Anemia.” (May 2013) Retrieved from
http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-
caused-by-deficient-erythropoiesis/myelophthisic-anemia
Pham CM, Syed AA, Siddiqui HA, Keller RA, Kowalewski C. “Case of metastatic
basal cell carcinoma to bone marrow, resulting in myelophthisic anemia.” (April
2013) Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147353