Its my small effort for the beginners who want help to make their presentation on this topic.I hope u find it useful.

2. MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Presented by:
Nida Akram
L1S17BSMR0005
Presented to:
Dr. Basit Zeshan
Faculty:
Life Sciences
University of Central Punjab, Lahore

3. DISCOVERY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
 Robert Koch
 German Scientist
 In 1882
 Father of Bacteriology
 Nobel Prize

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
 Obligate Aerobe
 Non motile
 Small Bacillus
 Does not produce spores
 Obligate intracellular parasite
 2-4 um in length
 0.2-0.5 um in width
 Divides every 16 to 20 hours
 Survive in dry states for weeks Electron scanning micrograph

5. CELL ENVELOPE STRUCTURE
 Closely related to Gram +ve Bacteria
 Unique lipid composition
 Thick waxy coat
 Plasma membrane
 Cell wall
 Lipid layers
 Other glycolipids
 Porins and proteins

6. CELL ENVELOPE STRUCTURE
 Cell wall:
 Peptidoglycan
 Arabinoglactan
 Layer sugar
 D-arabinose and D-glactose
 Links to peptidoglycan and lipid layers
 Provide additional strength

7. CELL ENVELOPE STRUCTURE
 Lipid layers:
 Cell envelope composed of unique lipid layer
 Important one is Mycolic acid
 Long chain fatty acids
 Covalently linked to Arabinoglactan
 Form thick waxy coat
 Low permeability
 Allow to show resistance to drying and chemical
disinfectants

8. CELL ENVELOPE STRUCTURE
 Other glycolipids:
 Variety of glycolipids
 Released from cell envelope
 Interact with other membranes or receptors
 Bioactive
 Porins:
 Move essential molecules into and out of cell

10. CULTURING
 Lowenstein Jensen media
 Cultivation and isolation
 Glycerated egg base medium
 Colonies:
 Brown
 Rough
 Dry and non pigmented

11. MICROSCOPY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
 Does not identify by Gram Staining
 High lipid contents (Mycolic acid)
 Acid fast stains:
 Ziehl Neelsan stain
 Florescent stain (Auramine)
 Cells are:
 Curved
 Rod shaped
 Wrapped together
 Neither gram negative nor gram positive

12. MICROSCOPY OF MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS
 Ziehl Neelsan Stain:
 Composition:
 Carbol Fuchsine
 Acid Alcohol
 Methylene blue
 Procedure
 Bacteria will appear bright red

13. MICROSCOPY OF MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS
 Fluorescent Stain:
 Auramine Phenol stain
 Clinical microbiology
 Bacteria appear greenish yellow
 More rapid method than ZN technique
 Method:
 Smear stained with Auramine phenol
 Rinse with water
 Decolorize in acid alcohol
 Counterstain with 0.1% Potassium Permanganate
 Rinse and air dry
 40X Objective is used

14. CAUSATIVE AGENT OF TB
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 A type of Mycobacterium
 Main cause
 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex
 M.bovis
 M.avium
 M.tuberculosis

15. WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS??
 Contagious infection that
usually attacks the lungs. It
can also spread to other
parts of the body like brain,
kidneys and spine.

16. TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS
 Latent TB:
 Germs stops by immune system
 No symptoms
 Patient is not contagious
 Infection is still alive
 Can become active
 Inactive TB
 Resembles with chickenpox infection

17. TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS
 Active TB
 Germs multiply
 Patient become sick
 Disease spread from patient to others
 90% of active TB cases are from reactivation of Latent TB
infection.

18. PATHOGENESIS OF MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS
 Bacteria recognize as invaders in alveoli
 Attacked by macrophages
 Not all bacteria destroyed
 hijack macrophages
 Increasing population
 Bursting of macrophages
 Granuloma
 Necrotization of granuloma
 Mixture of blood and sputum
 Lungs fill with clusters of bacteria