Music bell circuit
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Making a Simple Music Bell Circuit. This ppt Consists Of both the approach of Theory and the Practical vedio Of the Circuit.
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Function Generator
This document is a presentation about function generators. It discusses that a function generator is a device used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies to test electronic equipment. It generates common waveforms like sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, and pulse outputs. Function generators can generate different waveforms up to the megahertz frequency range and are useful for generating test signals in alternating current systems.
Inverting amplifier
The document discusses an inverting amplifier, which uses an operational amplifier to amplify an input signal but inverts the phase of the output signal. An inverting amplifier applies a positive input voltage but produces a negative output voltage. It has a high gain that is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistance to the input resistance. The input is connected to the inverting terminal through a resistor R, while negative feedback is provided through a resistor Rf between the output and inverting input. This configuration produces an output signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with the input.
Transistor as a switch
Transistors can be used as switches by operating them in either saturation or cut-off regions. In saturation, the transistor is fully on with maximum collector current and minimum voltage drop. In cut-off, it is fully off with zero collector current and maximum voltage. Transistor switches allow interfacing low voltage digital logic to devices requiring higher voltages and currents, and can be used to control lamps, relays, motors and other loads. The base resistor value must be calculated to fully turn the transistor on above a given input voltage.
Operational amplifier
An operational amplifier (op-amp) is an integrated circuit that can amplify or compare signals. It consists of transistors, resistors, and capacitors. Op-amps are used to build amplifiers, summers, integrators, differentiators, and comparators. They obey golden rules to make the difference between their input pins zero. Op-amps are also used in analog to digital converters, which sample analog signals and convert them to digital signals for processing.
Clipper circuits
Clipper circuits are used to remove parts of a signal that are above or below a defined reference level. There are several types of clipper circuits: unbiased positive and negative clippers which clip either the positive or negative portions of a signal, and biased positive and negative clippers which use an external bias voltage to adjust the clipping level. Unbiased clippers cut off either the positive or negative half of the input waveform based on the diode configuration. Biased clippers allow changing the clipping level by adjusting the bias voltage applied in series with the input signal and diode.
Ic 555
1.Introduction
The 555 IC was designed in 1971 by Hans Camenzind under contract to SigNetics Corporation.
555 timer is a highly stable circuit used to generate time delays, or Oscillations.
A single 555 timer can provide time delay ranging from microseconds to hours.
It operates from a wide range of power supplies ranging from + 5 Volts to + 18 Volts supply voltage.
2.Pin Configuration
3.Working of Pin
4.555 Integral circuit
5.Operating modes of IC
6. Bistable Mode
In bistable (also called Schmitt trigger) mode, the 555 timer acts as a basic flip-flop.
The trigger and reset inputs (pins 2 and 4 respectively on a 555) are held high via pull-up resistors while the threshold input (pin 6) is simply floating.
Thus configured, pulling the trigger momentarily to ground acts as a 'set' and transitions the output pin (pin 3) to Vcc (high state).
Pulling the reset input to ground acts as a 'reset' and transitions the output pin to ground (low state). No timing capacitors
Pin 5 (control voltage) is connected to ground via a small-value capacitor (usually 0.01 to 0.1 μF). Pin 7 (discharge) is left floating
7.Monostable Mode
Pulse generator circuit which the period is calculated from RC network and connected to external of 555 timer
Stable when the output logic LOW (logic = 0)
When a pulse is trigger at pin 2 (normally negative trigger pulse), timer output will change to HIGH (+Vs) for a while and change to LOW (stable condition). The condition will continue LOW until pulse is trigger again.
The timing period is triggered (started) when trigger input (555 pin 2) is less than 1/3 Vs, this makes the output high (+Vs) and the capacitor C1 starts to charge through resistor R1. Once the time period has started further trigger pulses are ignored.
The threshold input (555 pin 6) monitors the voltage across C1 and when this reaches 2/3 Vs the time period over and the output becomes LOW,
At the same time discharge (555 pin 7) is connected to 0V, discharging the capacitor ready for the next trigger.
8.Astable Mode
Astable multivibrators are also known as Free-running Multivibrator.
Astable do not need trigger pulse for external to change the output.
The period for LOW and HIGH can be calculated based on resistor and capacitor value that connected at outside of timer.
9.Applications
Schmitt trigger
PPM
PWM
Linear Ramp generator
Precision Timing
Pulse Generation
Time Delay Generation
Sequential Timing
Used as a quad timer
10. Conclusion
Hence 555 IC timer can produce very accurate and stable time delays, from microseconds to hours. It can be used with supply voltage varying from 5 to 18 V. Timer can be used in monostable mode of operation or astable mode of operation. Its various applications include waveform generator, missing pulse detector, frequency divider, pulse width modulator, burglar alarm, FSK generator, ramp generator, pulse position modulator etc.
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Function Generator
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Inverting amplifier
The document discusses an inverting amplifier, which uses an operational amplifier to amplify an input signal but inverts the phase of the output signal. An inverting amplifier applies a positive input voltage but produces a negative output voltage. It has a high gain that is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistance to the input resistance. The input is connected to the inverting terminal through a resistor R, while negative feedback is provided through a resistor Rf between the output and inverting input. This configuration produces an output signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with the input.
Transistor as a switch
Transistors can be used as switches by operating them in either saturation or cut-off regions. In saturation, the transistor is fully on with maximum collector current and minimum voltage drop. In cut-off, it is fully off with zero collector current and maximum voltage. Transistor switches allow interfacing low voltage digital logic to devices requiring higher voltages and currents, and can be used to control lamps, relays, motors and other loads. The base resistor value must be calculated to fully turn the transistor on above a given input voltage.
Operational amplifier
An operational amplifier (op-amp) is an integrated circuit that can amplify or compare signals. It consists of transistors, resistors, and capacitors. Op-amps are used to build amplifiers, summers, integrators, differentiators, and comparators. They obey golden rules to make the difference between their input pins zero. Op-amps are also used in analog to digital converters, which sample analog signals and convert them to digital signals for processing.
Clipper circuits
Clipper circuits are used to remove parts of a signal that are above or below a defined reference level. There are several types of clipper circuits: unbiased positive and negative clippers which clip either the positive or negative portions of a signal, and biased positive and negative clippers which use an external bias voltage to adjust the clipping level. Unbiased clippers cut off either the positive or negative half of the input waveform based on the diode configuration. Biased clippers allow changing the clipping level by adjusting the bias voltage applied in series with the input signal and diode.
Ic 555
1.Introduction
The 555 IC was designed in 1971 by Hans Camenzind under contract to SigNetics Corporation.
555 timer is a highly stable circuit used to generate time delays, or Oscillations.
A single 555 timer can provide time delay ranging from microseconds to hours.
It operates from a wide range of power supplies ranging from + 5 Volts to + 18 Volts supply voltage.
2.Pin Configuration
3.Working of Pin
4.555 Integral circuit
5.Operating modes of IC
6. Bistable Mode
In bistable (also called Schmitt trigger) mode, the 555 timer acts as a basic flip-flop.
The trigger and reset inputs (pins 2 and 4 respectively on a 555) are held high via pull-up resistors while the threshold input (pin 6) is simply floating.
Thus configured, pulling the trigger momentarily to ground acts as a 'set' and transitions the output pin (pin 3) to Vcc (high state).
Pulling the reset input to ground acts as a 'reset' and transitions the output pin to ground (low state). No timing capacitors
Pin 5 (control voltage) is connected to ground via a small-value capacitor (usually 0.01 to 0.1 μF). Pin 7 (discharge) is left floating
7.Monostable Mode
Pulse generator circuit which the period is calculated from RC network and connected to external of 555 timer
Stable when the output logic LOW (logic = 0)
When a pulse is trigger at pin 2 (normally negative trigger pulse), timer output will change to HIGH (+Vs) for a while and change to LOW (stable condition). The condition will continue LOW until pulse is trigger again.
The timing period is triggered (started) when trigger input (555 pin 2) is less than 1/3 Vs, this makes the output high (+Vs) and the capacitor C1 starts to charge through resistor R1. Once the time period has started further trigger pulses are ignored.
The threshold input (555 pin 6) monitors the voltage across C1 and when this reaches 2/3 Vs the time period over and the output becomes LOW,
At the same time discharge (555 pin 7) is connected to 0V, discharging the capacitor ready for the next trigger.
8.Astable Mode
Astable multivibrators are also known as Free-running Multivibrator.
Astable do not need trigger pulse for external to change the output.
The period for LOW and HIGH can be calculated based on resistor and capacitor value that connected at outside of timer.
9.Applications
Schmitt trigger
PPM
PWM
Linear Ramp generator
Precision Timing
Pulse Generation
Time Delay Generation
Sequential Timing
Used as a quad timer
10. Conclusion
Hence 555 IC timer can produce very accurate and stable time delays, from microseconds to hours. It can be used with supply voltage varying from 5 to 18 V. Timer can be used in monostable mode of operation or astable mode of operation. Its various applications include waveform generator, missing pulse detector, frequency divider, pulse width modulator, burglar alarm, FSK generator, ramp generator, pulse position modulator etc.
Op amp
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555 Timer Ic
The 555 timer IC is a versatile integrated circuit that can generate accurate time delays and oscillations. Introduced in 1972, it remains widely used due to its low cost, ease of use, and stability. The 555 timer can operate in three modes - monostable, astable, and bistable - making it suitable for applications like timers, oscillators, and flip-flops. It consists of 15 resistors, 2 diodes, and 25 transistors packaged in an 8-pin DIP. The 556 and 558 ICs are dual and quad versions containing multiple 555 timers in a single package.
Transistor as an amplifier
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ii) For a transistor to amplify an AC voltage signal, the signal must be between 0.6V and 0.72V to ensure the transistor is neither cut off nor saturated. Biasing circuits are used to offset the input signal so that the entire signal swings the transistor between conducting and non-conducting states.
iii) Potential divider biasing is described as a common biasing technique. It sets the quiescent output
Op amp basics
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The document discusses transistors and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It describes:
1. A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It has at least three terminals.
2. A BJT has three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. A small current at the base controls a larger current between the collector and emitter, allowing amplification.
3. BJTs come in NPN and PNP types, which differ in the direction of electron flow. Proper biasing of the transistor's junctions is needed to operate it in the active mode for amplification applications.
Watch dog
electronic watch dog security system
technical seminar ppt
by:
SAIKIRAN GUDURI
vaagdevi college of engineering
warangal
Transistors
This document provides information about transistors, including:
1. Transistors can be used to amplify current and act as switches, with a small base current controlling a larger collector current.
2. There are two main types of transistors - NPN and PNP - with different circuit symbols and layer structures. Most transistors today are NPN.
3. A Darlington pair uses two transistors connected together to provide very high current gain.
APPLICATIONS OF BJT IN CE AMPLIFIER.pptx
The document discusses transistors and BJT amplifiers. It provides information on different types of transistors including BJT and FET. It then focuses on BJT, explaining that BJTs are of two types - NPN and PNP. It discusses common emitter amplifiers, noting that they have medium voltage gain but high power gain. It also discusses the input and output characteristics of BJTs and common emitter amplifiers.
Transistors
The document discusses the transistor, including:
1. The transistor is a fundamental component in almost all electronic devices that can amplify current and be used as a switch or amplifier.
2. There are two main types, NPN and PNP, distinguished by the layers of semiconductor material used. Most transistors today use NPN transistors made from silicon.
3. A simple circuit demonstrates how a tiny base current is amplified by the transistor to power an LED, showing its amplifying properties.
Ki0232 3 stage fm transmitter
This document provides instructions for assembling and operating a 3-stage FM transmitter kit. It includes a list of components, descriptions of each circuit stage including amplification, oscillation and tuning, and guidance on assembling, powering and tuning the transmitter to broadcast within the FM radio band. The transmitter is designed to transmit audio from a microphone up to 1 km when powered by a 9V battery and connected to an antenna.
Detection of heart murmurs using phonocardiographic signals
Abstract The realization of cardio vascular diseases is low due to which most of the rural people were expired. The early recognisation of heart diseases is done by using phonocardiogram. This paper presents a non invasive technique to estimate the beat-to-beat information, phases and its durations, detection of heart diseases. Phonocardiogram is a representation of heart sounds done by means of ultrasonic transducer probe, LM386L which is the low voltage audio power amplifier and 8 ohms speaker. The real time and cost effective system for the heart auscultation monitoring and detection. During the cardiac cycle the heart normally produces repeatable heart sounds. However, under pathological conditions, such as with heart valves stenosis, ventricular septal defect, blood flow, turbulence may leads to the production of additional sounds called murmurs. These are random in nature, while the underlying heart sounds are being deterministic. The heart sound signal has much more information that can be assessed by the human ear are by visual inspection of the signal tracing as currently practiced. The system designed comprises of a phonocardiographic low voltage audio power amplifier circuit with LM386L and it is consist of an ultrasonic transducer probe which is used to pickup electrical signals into sound signals which is used as input for the circuit. The systolic and diastolic heart sounds are heard in the speaker. The designed circuit board is interfaced with arduino to record the analog values. These analog values are programmed in MATLAB and graphical is shown. Keywords:-Phonocardiogram, Auscultations, stenosis, Ventricular septal defect, murmurs, Arduino, Matlab
Design of a Low Noise Amplifier using 0.18μm CMOS technology
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A report on ultrasonic distance measurement
The document describes an ultrasonic distance meter circuit. It consists of a microcontroller that encodes and transmits ultrasonic pulses via a transmitter. When the pulses reflect off an object, a receiver detects the echo and the microcontroller calculates the distance based on the time elapsed. It displays the measured distance on an LCD screen. The circuit uses various components like a voltage regulator, microcontroller, LCD, buzzer, and ultrasonic transducers to transmit pulses, receive echoes, and determine distances to objects.
MUSIC RHYTHM LED FLASH LIGHT CIRCUIT
This document describes how to build a circuit that causes LED lights to flash on and off in time with the rhythm of music. The circuit uses a microphone to pick up sound and convert it to a voltage signal. This signal passes through a filter and is amplified by a transistor. The amplified signal then causes multiple transistors and LEDs to turn on and off according to the beats and pitch of the music. The circuit allows LED lights to follow drum beats or other high-pitched sounds in the music. It is designed simply and can be used in party environments or devices to indicate sounds and rhythms.
000739
The BA5406 is a dual-OTL monolithic power IC containing two high-output, low-frequency power amplifiers. It can output 5W with a 12V power supply or 2.8W with a 9V power supply into a 3Ω load. It has low "pop" noise when power is applied and generates little radio-band noise, making it suitable for stereo radio cassette players and other audio applications. The IC has features such as good low-voltage characteristics, channel balance, and distortion performance in a compact 12-pin package.
Automatic doorbell with object detection
This document describes an automatic doorbell system that uses ultrasonic sensors to detect movement and ring a doorbell. It provides details on the components and circuit design of the transmitter and receiver modules that use ultrasonic waves to detect a person. The system is intended to automatically sense someone's presence and ring the doorbell, saving time and enhancing security compared to a traditional doorbell. The document includes circuit diagrams and descriptions of the main integrated circuits used, including the IC 555 timer and LM324 op-amp. It provides specifications and characteristics for the transistors and other components in the design.
Common emitter amplifier by YEASIN NEWAJ
This slide has been created for students who are studying electrical engineering and who want to gain knowledge of basic electronics. The topic is COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER OF BJT
Similar to Music bell circuit (20)
Wireless/Wired Automatic Switched Plasma Tweeter & Speaker System
Wireless/Wired Automatic Switched Plasma Tweeter & Speaker System
Detection of heart murmurs using phonocardiographic signals
Detection of heart murmurs using phonocardiographic signals
Design of a Low Noise Amplifier using 0.18μm CMOS technology
Design of a Low Noise Amplifier using 0.18μm CMOS technology
More from Avijeet Negel
TCP/IP
The document is a chapter about TCP/IP that contains 15 figures illustrating concepts related to TCP/IP such as how the internet is structured according to TCP/IP, how TCP/IP relates to the OSI model, the format of IP datagrams and addresses, classes of IP addresses, subnetting, ARP, port addresses, and the format of UDP and TCP packets.
Upper OSI LAYER
This document contains figures and descriptions about the upper layers of the OSI model including the session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. It discusses session layer communication and synchronization, presentation layer functions like translation and encryption/decryption methods, and application layer protocols for messaging like MHS and virtual terminal access.
SONET/SDH
The document contains figures and descriptions about SONET and SDH networks. SONET is a standard telecommunications protocol that allows transmission and multiplexing of multiple digital bit streams. The document outlines the SONET network framework including layers, encapsulation of data, frame structures, overhead bytes, pointers, virtual tributaries, and multiplexing of signals.
ATM
The document contains figures and descriptions related to Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. It discusses ATM multiplexing using fixed size cells, the architecture of ATM networks including virtual paths and connections, different types of ATM switches, the ATM layer and adaptation layer standards, ATM quality of service classes, and approaches for integrating Ethernet LANs with ATM wide area networks.
Frame Relay
This document contains figures and descriptions related to frame relay, a telecommunications protocol used for data transmission over wide area networks. Frame relay uses packet switching to allow sharing of lines between sites on a network. It was developed to replace X.25 networks and uses connection-oriented transmission with permanent virtual circuits or switched virtual circuits to transmit data more efficiently than X.25. The document contains diagrams illustrating frame relay network components, addressing, traffic flow, congestion control methods like the leaky bucket algorithm, and frame formats.
X.25
This document contains figures and descriptions related to X.25, a protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) connections. It discusses the X.25 layers in relation to the OSI model, the format of frames and packets, how virtual circuits are established, and error control mechanisms like acknowledgements and retransmissions. Control packets like RR, RNR and REJ are used to manage data flow across virtual circuits between networked devices using X.25 addressing.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
The document discusses Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which is a set of communication standards that allows digital transmission of voice, video and data over existing telephone infrastructure. It provides higher bandwidth than analog networks and allows multiple services like voice and data to be used simultaneously. The key components of ISDN include Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) which define different channel configurations for connectivity to user sites.
Switching
The document discusses different methods for switching in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, various switch designs like crossbar and multistage switches, and time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange. Packet switching techniques like the datagram approach and switched virtual circuits are depicted. Message switching is also mentioned.
Point to Point Protocol
The document discusses Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and includes figures illustrating a point-to-point link, PPP transition states, PPP layers, PPP frames, encapsulation of Link Control Protocol (LCP) packets in frames, Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), PAP packets, Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), CHAP packets, and encapsulation of Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) packets in PPP frames.
Networking and Networking Devices
The document discusses different networking and internetworking devices such as repeaters, bridges, routers, and switches. It provides figures illustrating how these devices operate at the OSI model layers and how they function to connect and route data between different devices and networks. The document also covers distance vector and link state routing protocols, providing examples of how routing tables are calculated and updated between routers using these different algorithms.
DATA Link Control
This document discusses chapter 10 on data link control, which covers line discipline, flow control, and error control at the data link layer. It includes figures illustrating data link layer functions like ENQ/ACK flow control, multipoint discipline using select and poll commands, and error detection using checksums.
CRC
The document contains summaries and figures about error correction codes including CRC, binary division, polynomials, checksums, Hamming codes, and detecting single-bit errors. The figures relate to topics such as polynomial division, data units with checksums, examples of Hamming codes, and detecting errors.
Error Detection and Correction
This chapter discusses error detection and correction in digital communications. It covers the different types of errors that can occur like single-bit, multiple-bit, and burst errors. It then explains techniques for detecting and correcting errors such as redundancy checks, vertical redundancy checks (VRC), longitudinal redundancy checks (LRC), and the use of VRC and LRC together. Diagrams and figures are provided to illustrate these concepts.
Telephone Network
The document discusses different types of telephone networks including analog switched service, analog leased service, and analog hierarchy. It also examines digital networks such as switched/56 service, DDS, DS hierarchy, T-1 lines, T-1 frames, and fractional T-1 lines. Diagrams and figures are referenced throughout to illustrate key components and concepts relating to analog and digital telephone networks.
Time Division Multiplexing
The document discusses time-division multiplexing (TDM) and contains diagrams of synchronous and asynchronous TDM, how data is multiplexed and demultiplexed, framing bits, data rates, and frames and addresses. It includes figures showing multiplexing with different numbers of lines sending data and diagrams on multiplexing and inverse multiplexing.
MULTIPLEXING
The document discusses multiplexing, which is a technique to combine multiple signals into one channel. It describes multiplexing as either many to one or one to many. The chapter also covers different types of multiplexing used in telecommunications networks, such as frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing, and how signals are multiplexed and demultiplexed in both the time and frequency domains.
Radio Communication Band
The document discusses different types of radio communication bands and propagation, including VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, EHF, terrestrial microwave, and cellular systems. It provides figures illustrating concepts like parabolic dish antennas, horn antennas, geosynchronous orbit, and cellular bands.
Transmission Media
The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided media like radio waves. It includes sections on topics like electromagnetic spectrum, how different cable types transmit signals, fiber optic concepts like refraction and reflection, and fiber types including multimode and single mode. Diagrams and figures are referenced throughout to illustrate key concepts.
DB-37 AND DB-9 CONNECTORS
The document contains figures and descriptions of various telecommunications standards including different types of connectors, modem modulation techniques, baud rates, and international telecommunications union standards. Specifically it discusses DB connectors, RS-422 and RS-423 standards, bandwidth capabilities of telephone lines, and modulation schemes like ASK, FSK, and QAM used in V.22bis, V.32, and V.33 modems.
Transmission Of Digital Data
The document discusses digital data transmission and interfaces. It describes different transmission methods like parallel and serial transmission and synchronous and asynchronous transmission. It also discusses Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) interfaces, and interface standards like EIA-232. Modems are discussed as devices that convert digital signals from DTEs to analog signals for transmission and vice versa. Various figures illustrate these concepts.
More from Avijeet Negel (20)
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdf
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surface
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
SELENIUM CONF -PALLAVI SHARMA - 2024.pdf
Begin your journey to contribute to Selenium - A Talk at the Selenium Conference 2024
一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Accident detection system project report.pdf
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Call Girls Chennai +91-8824825030 Vip Call Girls Chennai
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Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : aiad@aiad2024.org (or) aiadconference@yahoo.com
WikiCFP URL: http://wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=180509©ownerid=171656
#artificialintelligence #softcomputing #machinelearning #technology #datascience #python #deeplearning #tech #robotics #innovation #bigdata #coding #iot #computerscience #data #dataanalytics #engineering #robot #datascientist #software #automation #analytics #ml #pythonprogramming #programmer #digitaltransformation #developer #promptengineering #generativeai #genai #chatgpt #artificial #intelligence #datamining #networkscommunications #robotics #callforsubmission #submissionsopen #deadline #opencall #virtual #conference
Butterfly Valves Manufacturer (LBF Series).pdf
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Beckhoff Programmable Logic Control Overview Presentation
This presentation is to describe the overview of PLC Beckhoff for beginners
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 Standard
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdf
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
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Music bell circuit
- 3. CIRCUIT ON PLY BOARD
- 4. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION This circuits uses very few component and gives melody sound. It uses 3 terminal IC UM66 and can be build small enough to be placed inside a greeting card and operated off a single 3V flat button cell. There is not much to the circuit. The UM66 is connected to its supply and its output fed to a transistor for amplification. Any common speaker can be used or a “flat” piezoelectric tweeter like the one found in alarm wrist watches. If you use the piezo , then it can be connected directly between the output pin 1 and ground pin 3 without the transistor.
- 5. The UM66 looks like a transistor with 3 terminals. It is complete miniature tone generator with a tune. Now they come with wide variety of different tunes. For amplification we have used a NPN transistor which is BC548. Here BC548 makes a common emitter circuit. For limiting the base current we have used a resistance of 220 Ohms so that transistor will not get damaged by excess current.
- 8. Thank You