This chapter discusses error detection and correction in digital communications. It covers the different types of errors that can occur like single-bit, multiple-bit, and burst errors. It then explains techniques for detecting and correcting errors such as redundancy checks, vertical redundancy checks (VRC), longitudinal redundancy checks (LRC), and the use of VRC and LRC together. Diagrams and figures are provided to illustrate these concepts.

1. Chapter 9
Error Detection
and Correction
• Types of Errors
• Detection
• Correction
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2. Figure 9-1
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3. Single-bit error
Figure 9-2
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4. Multiple-bit error
Figure 9-3
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5. Burst error
Figure 9-4
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6. Redundancy
Figure 9-5
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7. Figure 9-6
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8. VRC
Figure 9-7
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9. LRC
Figure 9-8
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10. VRC and LRC
Figure 9-9
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