This document provides information on various muscles including their action, origin, insertion, and innervation. It describes muscles of the head, neck, eye, face, trunk, shoulder, arm, forearm, gluteal region, thigh, leg, and foot. For each muscle it lists its action, origin attachment point, insertion attachment point, and the nerve that innervates it. There are over 30 muscles described.

1. Muscles , Action, Origin,
Insertion, Intervation
study guide:)

2. Frontalis
• action: raises eyebrows ,
wrinkles forehead skin
horizontally
• Origin: Epicranial
aponeurosis
• Insertion: skin of eyebrows
and root of nose
• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

3. Occipitalis
• Action: pulls scalp posteriorly
• Origin: Occipital and temporal
bones
• Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

4. Orbicularis Oculi
• Action: produces blinking,
squinting, draws eyebrows
inferiorly
• Origin: frontal and maxillary
bones and ligaments around
orbit
• Insertion: tissue of eyelid
• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

5. Zygomatic minor
action: elevates upper lip
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at
corner of the mouth
intervation: cranial nerve 7

6. Zygomaticus MAJOR
• Action: Action: smiling muscle
• Origin:lateral fascia associated
with master muscles
• Insertion: akin at angle of
mouth
• intervation: cranial nerve 7

7. Risorius• Action: draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lip
• Origin: lateral fascia associated with master muscles
• insertion: skin at angle of mouth
• intervation : cranial nerve 7

8. Levator Labii Superioris
• Action: raises upper lip
• Origin: Zygomatic bone and
infraorbital margin of maxilla
• Insertion: skin and muscle of
lower lip
• intervation: cranial nerve 7

9. Depressor Labii Inferioris
• Action: draws lower lip
inferiorly
• Origin: Body of mandible
lateral to its midline
• Insertion: skin and muscle of
lower lip
• Intervation: Cranial nerve 7

10. Orbicularis Oris
• Action: closes lips, “Duck
Face” muscle
• Origin arises indirectly from
maxilla and mandible
• Insertion: encircles mouth:
inserts into muscles and skin
at angles of the mouth
• intervation: cranial nerve 7

11. Buccinators
• Used in whistling and sucking,
well developed in nursing
infants
• origin: molar region of maxilla
and mandible
• Insertion: orbicularious Oris
• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

12. Platysma
• Action: pulls lower lip back and
down, tenses skin of neck
during shaving , depress
mandible
• Origin: fascia of chest (over
pectoral muscle and deltoid)
• Insertion: lower margin of
mandible , and skin and
muscle at corner of mouth
• Intervation: Cranial nerve 7

13. Masseter
• action: prime mover of jaw
closure , elevates mandible ,
used in Mastication
• Origin: Zygomatic arch and
zygomatic bone
• Insertion: angle and ramus
of mandible
• Intervation: Trigeminal nerve

14. Temporalis
• Action: closes jaw , elevates
and retracts mandible
• Origin: temporal fossa
• Insertion: coronoid process of
mandible via tendon that
passes deep to zygomatic
arch
• Intervation: trigeminal nerve

15. Sternocleidomastoid
• Action: prime mover of active head
flexion, contraction of both muscles
causes neck flexion , acting alone
each muscle rotates head toward
shoulder on opposite side
• origin: manubrium of sternum and
medial portion of clavicle
• insertion: mastoid process of
temporal bone and superior
nuchal line of occipital bone
• intervation : Accessory nerve and
branches of cervical spinal
nerves C2 and C3

16. external intercostals
• Action: elevates the rib cage
and aid in inspiration,
synergist of the diaphragm
• Origin: inferior border of rib
above
• Insertion: superior border of rib
below
• Intervation: intercostal nerves

17. Diaphragm
• Action : prime mover of
inspiration
• Origin: inferior , internal surface
of rib cage and sternum , costal
cartilages of last six ribs and
lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion: central tendon
• Intervation: phrenic nerve

18. internal intercostals
• Action: depress the rib cage
and aid in forced expiration
• Origin: superior border of rib
below
• Insertion: inferior border(
coastal groove) of rib above
• Intervation: intercostal nerves

19. Rectus abdominis
• Action: flex the lumbar region
of the vertebral column,
increase intra-abdominal
pressure
• Origin: pubic crest and
symphysis
• Insertion: Xiphoid process and
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
• Intervation Intercostal nerves
• ( T6 or T7-T12)

20. External Oblique
• Action: when both muscles contract
simultaneously they aid the rectus
abdomens in flexing the vertebral
column and in compressing the
abdominal wall, acting individually
each muscle produces lateral flexion
of the trunk
• Origin: by fleshy strips from outer
surfaces of lower eight ribs
• Insertion: most fibers insert into
line alba via a board aponeurosis
• Intervation: internal costal nerves
• (T7-T12)

21. Internal Oblique
• Action: same as the external
oblique
• Origin: Lumbar fascia , iliac
crest and inguinal ligaments
• Insertion: Linea alba, pubic
crest, last three or four ribs,
and costal margin
• Intervation: Intercostal
nerves (T7-T12) and L11

22. Transversus abdominis
• Action: same as the external
oblique
• Origin: inguinal ligament,
lumbar fascia, cartilages of last
six : iliac crest
• Insertion: linea alba , pubic
crest
• intervation : Intercostal nerves
(t2-T12) and L1

23. Pectoralis minor
• Action: draws the scapula
forward and downward when
the ribs are fixed with scapula
fixed, acts as accessory
muscle of inspiration
• Origin: anterior surface of ribs
3-5
• insertion : coracoid process of
scapula
• Intervation : medial and lateral
pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

24. Serratus anterior
“the Boxer’s muscle”
• action: protracts and holds the
scapula against chest wall.
Fixes shoulder for horizontal
arm movement
• Origin: by a series of muscles
slips from ribs 1-8 (or 9)
• Insertion: entire anterior
surface of vertebral border of
scapula
• Intervation: Long thoracic
nerve (C5 - C7)

25. Trapezius
• Action: raise scapula , adduct
scapula , depresses scapula.
• Origin : midline of axial
skeleton C7-T12
• Insertion: along accordion and
spine of scapula and lateral
third of clavicle
• intervation: Accessory nerve

26. Pectoralis major
• Action: flexion, adduct, and
medially rotate at the shoulder
• Origin: Sternal end of clavicle ,
sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-6
and aponerosis of external
oblique muscle
•

27. Latissimus dorsi
“widest muscle of the back• Action: Extension, adduction, and
medially rotate arm at shoulder
• origin: indirect attachment via
lumbodorsal fascia into spines of
lower six thoracic vertebrae , lower 3
to 4 ribs, and iliac crest; also from
scapula’s inferior angles
• insertion: Spirals around teres major
to insert in floor of tubercular groove
of humerus

28. Deltoid
• Action: prime mover of arm
abduction
• Origin: Embraces insertion of
the trapezius ‘ lateral end of
clavicle ; accordion and spine
of scapula
• insertion: deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
• intervation: axillary nerve (C5-
C6)

29. Teres major
(“ Minnie Lat”)
• action: extension , adducts
and medially rotates the arm
• Origin: posterior surface of
scapula at inferior angle
• Insertion: crest of lesser
tubercle on anterior humerus ;
insertion tendon fused with
that of latipsiimus dorsi

30. Triceps brachii
“three bellies”
• Action: prime mover of forearm
extension
• Origin: Shaft of humerus
• Insertion: by common tendons
into olecranon ulna
• Intervation: Radial nerve ( C6-
C8)

31. biceps brachii
“two bellies”
• Action: flexes elbow joint (
supnation)
• Origin: Coracoid process
• Insertion: by common tendon
into radial tuberosity
• Intervation: musculocutaneous
nerve (C5- C6)

32. Brachialis
deep to biceps
• action: major forearm flexor
• Origin: front distal humerus :
embraces insertion og deltoid
muscle
• Insertion coronoid process of
ulna and capsules at elbow
joint
• Intervation:musculocutaneous
nerve

33. Brachioradialis
• Action: synergist in forearm
flexion
• Origin : lateral supracondylar
ridge at distal end of humerus
• Insertion: base of radial styloid
process
• Intervation: radial nerve

34. Iliopsoas
• Action: prime mover for flexing
the thigh or for flexing the
trunk on the thigh during a
bow
• Origin: iliac fossa and crest
• Insertion: lesser trochanter of
femur bia iliopsoas
• Intervation: Femoral nerve (L2
and L3)

35. Sartorius
crosses lateral to medial
• action: when sitting used to
cross one leg over the other
“tailer’s muscle”
• Origin: anterior superior iliac
spine
• Insertion: winds around medial
aspects of knee and inserts
into medial aspect of proximal
tibia
• Intervation: femoral nerve

36. Adductor muscles
• Action: adducts the thighs
• Origin: pubic rami
• Insertion: linea aspera
• Intervation: Obturator nerve

37. Gracilis
• Action: adducts the thigh
• Origin: inferior ramus and
body of pubis and adjacent
ischial ramus
• Insertion: medial surface of
tibia just inferior to its medial
condyle
• Intervation: Obturator nerve

38. Rectus Femoris
(Quadriceps formoris)
• “feather muscle”
• Action: extends the knee and
flexes the thigh
• Origin: anterior inferior iliac
spine and superior margin of
acetabulum
• Insertion: patella and tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Intervation: Femoral nerve

39. Vastus Lateralis
(Quadriceps formoris)
• Action: extends the knee
• Origin:greater trochanter,
intertrochanteric line ( femur)
• Insertion: patella and tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Intervation: Femoral nerve

40. Vastus Medialis
• Action: extends the knee
• Quadriceps formoris
• Origin: Linea aspera;
intertrochanteric line, linea
aspera , femur
• Insertion: patella and tibial
tuberosity via patella ligament
• Intervation: Femoral nerve

41. Vastus intermedius
• Action: extends the knee
• Quadriceps formoris
• Origin: anterior and lateral
surfaces of proximal femur shaft
• insertion : patella and tibial
tuberosity via patella ligament
• Intervation:femoral nerve

42. gluteus maximus
• Action: major extensor of the
thigh
• Origin: dorsal ilium , sacrum,
and coccyx
• Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of
femur ; iliotibial tract
• intervation: Inferior gluteal
nerve

43. Gluteus medius
• Action: abducts the thigh
• Origin: between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines on
lateral surfaces of ilium
• Insertion: by short tendon into
lateral aspect of greater
trochanter of femur
• Intervation: Superior Gluteal
Nerve

44. Biceps Femoris
• Hamstring
• Action: extends the thigh and
flexes the knee
• Origin: Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: common tendon
passes downward and laterally
forming lateral border of
popliteal fossa to insert into
head of fibula and lateral
condyle of tibia
• Intervation: Sciatic nevre

45. Semitendinsosus
• hamstring
• Action: extends the thigh and
flexes the knee
• Origin : ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: medial aspect ofm
upper tibial shaft
• Intervation: sciatic nerve

46. Semimembranosus
• hamstring
• Action: extends the thigh and
flexes the knee
• Insertion: ischial tuberosity
• insertion: medial condyle of
tibia via oblique popliteal
ligaments to lateral condyle of
femur
• intervation: sciatic nerve
• Most Medial

47. tibialis anterior
• Action: prime mover of
dorsiflexion
• Origin: lateral Condyle and
upper 2/3 of tibial shaft:
interosseous membrane
• Insertion: by tendon into
inferior surface of medial
cuneiform and first metatarsal
bone
• Intervation: deep fibular nerve

48. Gastrocnemius
• Action: plantar flexes the foot
• Origin: by the two heads from
medial and lateral condyles of
femur
• Insertion: Posterior calcaneus
via calcaneal tendon
• Intervation: tibial nerve

49. Soleus
• Action: plantar flexes the foot
• Origin : extensive origin from
superior tibia, fibula , and
interosseous membrane
• Insertion: posterior calcaneus
via calcaneal tendon
• Intervation: Tibial nerve