Muscles of lower limb

1. Muscles of lower limb
Done by Abedalelah Nasrallah

2. • Origin: External surface of ilium behind
posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector
spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum,
lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of
sacrotuberous ligament.
• Insertion:Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of
fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur.
• Innervation:Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2).
• Function: Powerful extensor of
fl
exed femur
at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and
knee joint
Gluteus maximus
Gluteal region :

3. • Origin:External surface of ilium between
anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
• Insertion:Lateral surface of the greater
trochanter.
• Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
• Function: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds
pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents
pelvic drop on the opposite swing side
during walking
Gluteus medius

4. • Origin: External surface of ilium
between inferior and anterior
gluteal lines.
• Insertion: Antero-lateral aspect
of the greater trochanter.
• Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve
(L4,L5,S1).
• Function:Abducts femur at hip
joint; holds pelvis secure over
stance leg and prevents pelvic
drop on the opposite swing side
during walking.
Gluteus minimus

5. • Origin: Lateral aspect of crest of ilium
between anterior superior iliac spine and
tubercle of the crest.
• Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata.
• Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve
(L4,L5,S1).
• Function: Stabilizes the knee in
extension.
Tensor fasciae latae

6. • Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
between anterior sacral
foramina(S2,S3,S4).
• Insertion: superior border (apex) of greater
trochanter of femur.
• Innervation: Branches from,S1,S2.
• Function; Laterally rotates the extended
femur at hip joint.
Piriformis

7. • Origin: Anterolateral wall of true pelvis;
deep surface of obturator membrane and
surrounding bone.
• Insertion: Medial side of greater trochanter
of femur.
• Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus
(L5,S1).
• Function:Laterally rotates the extended
femur at hip joint.
Obturator internus

8. • Origin:Posterior surface of ischial spine.
• Insertion: Along length of superior surface of
the obturator internus tendon and into the
medial side of greater trochanter of femur.
• Innervation:Nerve to obturator internus.
(L5,S1).
• Function:Laterally rotates the extended femur
at hip joint; abduction of
fl
exed femur at hip
joint.
Gemellus superior

9. • Origin:Upper part of ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion:Along length of inferior surface of
the obturator internus tendon and into the
medial side of greater trochanter of femur.
• Innervation:Nerve to quad.femoris (L5,S1).
• Function:Laterally rotates the extended femur
at hip joint.
Gemellus inferior

10. • Origin:Lateral aspect of the ischium just
anterior to the ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion:Quadrate tubercle on the
intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
• Innervation:Nerve to quad.femoris(L5,S1).
• Function:Laterally rotates femur at hip joint.
Quadratus femoris

11. Muscles of the anterior
compartment of thigh:
• Origin: Posterior abdominal wall (lumbar
transverse processes, intervertebral discs,
and adjacent bodies from T12 toL5).
• Insertion:Lesser trochanter of femur.
• Innervation:Anterior rami L1,L2,L3.
• Function:Flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
Psoas major

12. • Origin:Posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa).
• Insertion:Lesser trochanter of femur.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve[L2,L3].
• Function:Flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
Iliacus

13. • Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine .
• Insertion:Anterior surface of tibia just
inferolateral to tibial tuberosity.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3].
• Function:Flex, Abd, & Lat.rotation the thigh at
the hip joint and
fl
exes the leg at the knee
joint.
Sartorius

14. • Origin:Straight head originates from the
anterior inferior iliac spine; re
fl
ected head
originates from the ilium just superior to the
acetabulum.
• Insertion:Quadriceps femoris tendon.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4].
• Function:Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and
Extends the leg at the knee joint.
Rectus femoris

15. • Origin:Medial part of intertrochanteric line,
Spiral line, medial lip of the linea aspera,
medial supracondylar line of femur.
• Insertion:Quadriceps femoris tendon and
medial border of patella.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4].
• Function:Extends the leg at the knee joint.
Vastus medialis

16. • Origin:Upper two-thirds of anterior and lateral
surfaces of femur.
• Insertion:Quadriceps femoris tendon and
base of patella.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4].
• Function:Extends the leg at the knee joint.
Vastus intermedius

17. • Origin:Lateral part of intertrochanteric line,
margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of
gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera.
• Insertion:Quadriceps femoris tendon and
lateral margin of patella.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4].
• Function:Extends the leg at the knee joint.
Vastus lateralis

18. Muscles of the posterior
compartment of thigh:
• Origin:Long head-inferomedial part of the
upper area of the ischial tuberosity; short
head-lateral lip of linea aspera.
• Insertion:Head of
fi
bula.
• Innervation:Sciatic nerve [L5 to S2].
• Function:Flexes leg at knee joint; extends and
laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally
rotates leg at knee joint.
Biceps femoris

19. • Origin:Inferomedial part of the upper area of
the ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion:Medial surface of proximal tibia.
• Innervation:Sciatic nerve [L5 to S2].
• Function:Flexes leg at knee joint and extends
thigh at hip joint; medially rotates the thigh at
the hip joint and leg at the knee joint.j
Semitendinosus

20. • Origin:Superolateral impression on the ischial
tuberosity.
• Insertion:Groove and adjacent bone on medial
and posterior surface of medial condyle of
tibia.
• Innervation:Sciatic nerve [L5,S1,S2].
• Function:Flexes leg at knee joint and extends
thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at the
hip joint and leg at the knee joint.
Semimembranosus

21. Muscles of the medial
compartment of thigh:
• Origin: External surfaces of the body of the
pubis and Ischiopubic rami.
• Insertion:Medial surface of proximal shaft of
the tibia.
• Innervation:Obturator nerve [L2,L3].
• Function:Adducts thigh at hip joint and
fl
exes
leg at knee joint.
Gracilis

22. • Origin: Pectineal line and Pectineal surface of
superior ramus.
• Insertion:Pectineal line in posterior surface of
proximal femur.
• Innervation:Femoral nerve [L2,L3].
• Function:Adducts and
fl
exes thigh at hip joint.
Pectineus

23. • Origin:External surface of body of pubis
(triangular depression inferior to pubic crest
and lateral to pubic symphysis).
• Insertion:Linea aspera on middle one-third of
shaft of femur.
• Innervation:Obturator nerve [L2,L3,L4].
• Function: Adducts and medially rotates thigh
at hip joint.
Adductor longus

24. • Origin:External surface of body of pubis and
inferior pubic ramus.
• Insertion:Posterior surface of proximal femur
and upper one-third of linea aspera.
• Innervation:Obturator nerve[L2,L3].
• Function:Adducts thigh at hip joint.
Adductor brevis

25. • Origin:Adductor part-Ischiopubic rami
Hamstring part-ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion:Posterior surface of proximal femur,
linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Adductor Tubercle.
• Innervation:Obturator nerve [L2,L3,L4] Sciatic
nerve (tibial division) [L2,L3,L4].
• Function:Adducts and medially rotates thigh
at hip joint.
Adductor magnus

26. Muscles of the anterior
compartment of leg:
• Origin:Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent
interosseous membrane.
• Insertion:Medial and inferior surfaces of
medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal.
• Innervation:Deep peroneal nerve [L5,S1].
• Function:Dorsi
fl
exion of foot at ankle joint;
inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial
arch of foot.
Tibialis anterior

27. • Origin:Middle one-half of medial surface of
fi
bula and adjacent surface of interosseous
membrane.
• Insertion:Dorsal surface of base of distal
phalanx of great toe.
• Innervation:Deep peroneal nerve [L5,S1].
• Function:Extension of great toe and
dorsi
fl
exion of foot.
Extensor hallucis longus

28. • Origin:Proximal one-half of medial surface of
fi
bula and related surface of lateral tibial
condyle.
• Insertion:Via dorsal digital expansions into
bases of distal and middle phalanges of
lateral four toes.
• Innervation:Deep peroneal nerve [L5,S1].
• Function:Extension of lateral four toes and
dorsi
fl
exion of foot.
Extensor digitorum longus

29. • Origin:Distal part of medial surface of
fi
bula.
• Insertion:Dorsomedial surface of base of
metatarsal V.
• Innervation:Deep peroneal nerve [L5,S1].
• Function:Dorsi
fl
exion and eversion of foot.
Peroneus tertius

30. Muscles of the lateral
compartment of leg
• Origin:Upper lateral surface of
fi
bula, head of
fi
bula and lateral tibial condyle.
• Insertion:Undersurface of lateral sides of
distal end of medial cuneiform and base of 1st
metatarsal.
• Innervation:Super
fi
cial peroneal nerve
[L5,S1,S2].
• Function:Eversion and plantar
fl
exion of foot;
supports arches of foot.
Peroneus longus

31. • Origin:Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of
shaft of
fi
bula.
• Insertion:Lateral tubercle at base of
metatarsal V.
• Innervation:Super
fi
cial peroneal nerve
[L5,S1,S2].
• Function: Eversion of foot.
Peroneus brevis

32. muscles in the posterior
compartment of leg:
• Origin:Medial head-posterior surface of distal
tibia just superior to medial condyle; lateral
head- upper posterolateral surface of lateral
femoral condyle.
• Insertion:Via calcaneal tendon(Achillus), to
posterior surface of calcaneus.
• Innervation:Tibial nerve [S1,S2].
• Function:Plantar
fl
exes foot and
fl
exes knee.
Gastrocnemius

33. • Origin: Inferior part of lateral supracondylar
line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of
knee.
• Insertion:Via calcaneal tendon(Achillus), to
posterior surface of calcaneus.
• Innervation: Tibial nerve [S1,S2]
• Function:Plantar
fl
exes foot and
fl
exes knee.
Plantaris

34. • Origin: Soleal line and medial border of tibia;
posterior aspect of
fi
bular head and adjacent
surfaces of neck and proximal shaft;
tendinous arch between tibial and
fi
bular
attachments.
• Insertion:Via calcaneal tendon(Achillus), to
posterior surface of calcaneus.
• Innervation:Tibial nerve[S1,S2].
• Function:Plantar
fl
exes the foot.
Soleus

35. • Origin: Posterior surface of proximal tibia.
• Insertion:Lateral femoral condyle
• Innervation: Tibial nerve [L4 to S1].
• Function:Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates
femur on
fi
xed tibia).
Popliteus

36. • Origin:Posterior surface of
fi
bula and adjacent
interosseous membrane.
• Insertion:Plantar surface of distal phalanx of
great toe.
• Innervation:Tibial nerve [S2,S3].
• Function:Flexes great toe.
Flexor hallucis longus

37. • Origin:Medial side of posterior surface
of the tibia.
• Insertion:Plantar surfaces of bases of
distal phalanges of the lateral four toes.
• Innervation:Tibial nerve[S2,S3].
• Function:Flexes lateral four toes.
Flexor digitorum longus

38. • Origin:Posterior surfaces of interosseous
membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and
fi
bula.
• Insertion:Mainly to tuberosity of navicular
and adjacent region of medial cuneiform.
• Innervation:Tibial nerve[L4,L5].
• Function:Inversion and plantar
fl
exion of
foot; support of medial arch of foot during
walking.
Tibialis posterior