The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
Understanding your spine and how it works can help you better understand some of the problems that occur from aging or injury.
Many demands are placed on your spine. It holds up your head, shoulders, and upper body. It gives you support to stand up straight, and gives you flexibility to bend and twist. It also protects your spinal cord.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Presented by
Abid Hasan Khan
Roll no: 30
Year: 2nd
Session: 2015-16
Department of Physiotherapy
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute (BHPI),
CRP- Chapain, Savar, Dhaka – 1343.
Abid Hasan Khan
3. Surface Muscles (Anterior)
• Platysma
• Pectoralis major
• Pectoralis minor
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior
Abid Hasan Khan
4. Platysma
Origin: Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest.
Insertion: Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and
angle of mouth.
Nerve Supply: Cervical branch of
facial nerve (VII)
Action: Depresses and wrinkles skin of
lower face and mouth. Aids forced
depression of mandible
Abid Hasan Khan
5. Pectoralis major
Origin:
Clavicular Head: Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.
Sternal Head: Lateral aspects of the manubrium and
body of the sternum, the upper six costal cartilages
and the aponeurosis of the abdominal oblique.
Insertion:
Clavicular Head: Lateral lip of the bicipital
groove of the humerus and anterior lip of
the deltoid tuberosity.
Abid Hasan Khan
6. Pectoralis major (Conts..)
Sternal Head: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus and the
anterior lip of the deltoid tuberosity.
Nerve Supply: Medial pectoral nerve (C7, T1) and lateral pectoral nerve
(C5, 6, 7).
Action: Shoulder flexion, Internal rotation, Adduction.
Abid Hasan Khan
7. Pectoralis minor
Origin: Anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs.
Insertion: Via a tendon to the medial aspect of the coracoid process of
the scapula. Part or all of the tendon may
transverse this process and continue into
the coracoacromial ligament.
Nerve supply: Medial pectoral nerve (C7, T1)
Action: Scapula protraction, rotation of the
scapula downwards.
Abid Hasan Khan
8. Subclavius
Origin: From the junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage, just
anterior to the costoclavicular ligament.
Insertion: By muscular fibers to the groove on
the inferior surface of the middle of the clavicle.
Nerve supply: Subclavian branch of brachial plexus
(C5, C6).
Action: Depression of clavicle.
Abid Hasan Khan
9. Serratus anterior
Origin: Fleshy slips from the lateral aspect of the superior eight ribs and
anterior intercostal membranes from the midclavicular line, the lower
four slips interdigitating with external
abdominal oblique.
Insertion: Volar surface of the axillary
border of the scapula, spanning
the superior and inferior angles.
Abid Hasan Khan
10. Serratus anterior (Conts..)
Nerve supply: Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7).
Action: Protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward
rotation.
Abid Hasan Khan
12. Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12,
9th to 12th ribs, the lumbar and
sacral vertebrae (via the thoracolumbar fascia),
and the posterior third of the external
lip of the iliac crest. Occasionally
by a slip from the posterior surface of
the inferior angle of the scapula.
Abid Hasan Khan
13. Latissimus Dorsi (Cont..)
Insertion: Bottom of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of
humerus.
Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 – C8).
Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws
the shoulder downward and backward; keeps inferior angle of
scapula against the chest wall; accessory muscle of
respiration.
Abid Hasan Khan
14. Trapezius
Origin:
Upper part: External occipital proturberance,
medial third of the superior nuchal line, the
ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous
process of C7.
Medial Part: Spinous processes of T1 to T5.
Lower Part: Spinous processes of T6 to T12.
Abid Hasan Khan
15. Trapezius (Cont..)
Insertion:
Upper Part: Lateral third of the clavicle and the medial aspect of the
acromion process of the scapula.
Middle Part: Medial edge of the superior surface of the acromion
process of the scapula and the superior edge of the scapular spine.
Lower Part: Tubercles of the apex of the scapular spine.
Nerve supply: Spinal Accessory Cranial XI , Ventral Rami C2-C4.
Action:
Upper Part: Upward rotation of the scapula, elevation of the scapula
Middle Part: Retraction of the scapula.
Lower Part: Upper rotation of the scapula, depression of the scapula.
Abid Hasan Khan
16. Rhomboideus major
Origin: Spinous processes of T2 – T5.
Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula,
from inferior to the scapular spine to
the inferior angle.
Nerve supply: Vertebral border of the scapula,
from inferior to the scapular spine to
the inferior angle.
Action: Retraction of the scapula, downward
rotation of the scapula.
Abid Hasan Khan
17. Rhomboideus minor
Origin: Ligamentum Nuchae and the spinous
processes of C7 and T1.
Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula,
adjacent to the scapular spine.
Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve C5.
Action: Retraction of the scapula,
downward rotation of the scapula.
Abid Hasan Khan
18. Intercostal Muscles
External Intercostals
Origin: Lower margin of upper eleven ribs.
Insertion: Superior border of rib below
(each muscle fiber runs obliquely and
inserts toward the costal cartilage).
Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves.
Action: Draw ventral part of ribs upward,
increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
for inspiration.
Abid Hasan Khan
19. Intercostal Muscles (Conts..)
Internal Intercostals
Origin: From the cartilages to the angles of
the upper eleven ribs.
Insertion: Superior border of the rib below
(each muscle fiber runs obliquely and
inserts away from the costal cartilage).
Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves.
Action: Draw ventral part of ribs downward,
decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
for expiration.
Abid Hasan Khan
20. Rotator Cuff Muscles
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Subscapularis
Abid Hasan Khan
21. Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula.
Insertion: Superior facet of greater
tubercle of humerus.
Nerve supply: Suprascapular nerve (C5,6).
Action: Abduction of arm and stabilizes
Humerus.
Abid Hasan Khan
22. Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle
of the humerus.
Nerve supply: Suprascapular Nerve (C5, 6).
Action: External rotation of arm, stabilizes
Humerus.
Abid Hasan Khan
23. Teres Minor
Origin: On the dorsal surface of the middle
half of the lateral border of the scapula.
Insertion: The lowest of the three facets of
the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Nerve supply: Axillary nerve (C5,6).
Action: Externally rotates the arm.
Abid Hasan Khan
24. Subscapularis
Origin: Medial two-thirds of volar surface
of the scapula.
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus.
Nerve supply: Upper and Lower Subscapular
Nerve (C5,6).
Action: Internally rotates humerus; Assists
with depression of the humeral head.
Abid Hasan Khan
