This document describes several back and shoulder muscles. Pectoralis major originates from the clavicle, sternum and ribs, and inserts on the humerus. It functions in arm adduction, flexion and rotation. Pectoralis minor originates from ribs and inserts on the coracoid process, depressing and protracting the scapula. Subclavius originates from a rib and inserts on the clavicle to depress it. Trapezius originates from the skull and spine and inserts on the clavicle and scapula, elevating, retracting and depressing the scapula. Latissimus dorsi originates from the spine and ribs and inserts on the humerus for
The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk and resides over the posterior surface of ribs two to seven. ... It also articulates with the humerus and clavicle, forming the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and acromioclavicular joint respectively.
Slideshow: Clavicle
The Funky Professor videos can be viewed here;
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Shoulder girdle and brachial plexus anatomyJunaid Ahmad
Anatomy and Functions of muscles and joints
Dr Junaid Ahmad (MBBS FCPS) is the best plastic surgeon in Lahore. He is a well known, trained and expert in his field. He is MBBS and FCPS in Plastic and Recosntructive Surgery. He is a post graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan which is oldest and best institute for post graduation in this area of the world. He is doing his practice in Lahore, Pakistan. He is always kind to the patients and listens them carefully as it is part of modern clinical skill and training. He is expert in both cosmetic as well as reconstructive surgery. He is also skin cancer and burn expert. A few of Dr Junaid Ahmad expertise are listed here..... call 03104037071
The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk and resides over the posterior surface of ribs two to seven. ... It also articulates with the humerus and clavicle, forming the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and acromioclavicular joint respectively.
Slideshow: Clavicle
The Funky Professor videos can be viewed here;
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Shoulder girdle and brachial plexus anatomyJunaid Ahmad
Anatomy and Functions of muscles and joints
Dr Junaid Ahmad (MBBS FCPS) is the best plastic surgeon in Lahore. He is a well known, trained and expert in his field. He is MBBS and FCPS in Plastic and Recosntructive Surgery. He is a post graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan which is oldest and best institute for post graduation in this area of the world. He is doing his practice in Lahore, Pakistan. He is always kind to the patients and listens them carefully as it is part of modern clinical skill and training. He is expert in both cosmetic as well as reconstructive surgery. He is also skin cancer and burn expert. A few of Dr Junaid Ahmad expertise are listed here..... call 03104037071
Understanding your spine and how it works can help you better understand some of the problems that occur from aging or injury.
Many demands are placed on your spine. It holds up your head, shoulders, and upper body. It gives you support to stand up straight, and gives you flexibility to bend and twist. It also protects your spinal cord.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
4. Pectoralis major
• Origin:
– Medial half of the clavicle
– The sternum.
– Upper six costal cartilage.
• Insertion:
• Lateral lip of bicipital groove of
the humerus.
• Nerve Supply:
• Medial and lateral pectoral
nerves.
• Action:
– Adduction, flexion and medial
rotation of the arm.
– Climbing.
• It is an accessory muscle of
inspiration.
5. Pectoralis minor
• Origin:
• 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs near their
cartilage.
• Insertion:
• Anterior border of the coracoid
process of the scapula.
• Nerve Supply:
• Medial pectoral nerves.
• Action:
– Depression and protraction of
the scapula.
– If the insertion is fixed, it
elevates the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs.
– It rotates the scapula
downward (with rhomboids).
•
6. Subclavius
• Origin:
• The upper surface of the first
costal cartilage.
• Insertion:
• Middle third of the inferior
surface of the clavicle.
• Nerve Supply:
• Nerve to subclavius (from
upper trunk of brachial
plexus).
• Action:
– It depresses the clavicle.
– It steadies the clavicle during
movement of the shoulder
girdle.
8. Layers of Back Muscles
• First Layer:
– Trapezius and latissimus dorsi.
• Second Layer:
– Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and
rhomboid major.
• Third Layer:
– Serratus posterior superior and serratus
posterior inferior.
9.
10.
11.
12. Trapezius
• Origin:
– Medial third of superior nuchal
line of occipital b.
– External occipital protuberance.
– Ligamentum nuchae.
– Spine of the seventh cervical
vertebra.
– Spines and supraspinous
ligaments of all thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion:
– Upper fibers into the posterior
aspect of the lateral third of the
clavicle.
– Middle fibers into the medial
border of the acromion process of
the scapula.
• Lower fibers into the spine of
the scapula.
13.
14. Trapezius
• Nerve Supply:
– Motor fibers from the spinal part
of accessory nerve.
– Proprioceptive sensory fibers from
the third and fourth cervical
nerves.
• Action:
– Upper fibers: elevates the scapula.
– Middle fibers: retracts the scapula.
– Lower fibers: depresses the
scapula.
– With serratus anterior: rotates the
scapula upward (for abduction of
the arm more than 90°.
– When scapula is fixed: both side
muscles extend the head.
15. Latissimus dorsi
• Origin:
– Spines of the lower 6 thoracic
vertebrae.
– Lower 3 or 4 ribs.
– Lumbar fascia and posterior
part of iliac crest.
– Inferior angle of the scapula.
• Insertion:
• Floor of the bicipital groove of
the humerus.
• Nerve Supply:
• Thoracodorsal nerve.
• Action:
– Adduction, extension and
medial rotation of the arm.
– Climbing.
•
16.
17. Levator scapulae
• Origin:
• The transverse processes of
the upper four cervical
vertebrae.
• Insertion:
• Dorsal lip of the medial
border of the scapula above
the level of its spine.
• Nerve Supply:
• From the ventral rami of the
3rd and 4th cervical nerves and
form dorsal scapular nerve
(C5).
• Action:
– Elevation of the scapula.
– If the scapula is fixed, it bends
the head to the same side.
18.
19. Rhomboid minor
• Origin:
– Lower part of ligamentum
nuchae.
– Spine of seventh cervical
vertebra.
– Spine of first thoracic
vertebra.
• Insertion:
• Dorsal lip of the medial border of the
scapula opposite the root of its spine.
• Nerve Supply:
• Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).
• Action:
– Elevation of the scapula.
– With rhomboid major and pectoralis
minor, it rotates the scapula
downward.
20. Rhomboid major
• Origin:
– From 2nd to 5th spines of the
thoracic vertebrae.
– And their supraspinous
ligaments.
• Insertion:
• Dorsal lip of the medial border
of the scapula below the level
of its spine.
• Nerve Supply:
• Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).
• Action:
– Elevation of the scapula.
– With rhomboid major and
pectoralis minor, it rotates the
scapula downward.
•