Muscle Tissues
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Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are voluntary controlled. They are packaged by connective tissue sheets and can contract rapidly with great force. Cardiac muscles are only found in the heart, have involuntary control, and contract at a steady rate set by the heart's pacemaker. Smooth muscles are found in organ walls like the stomach and blood vessels, have involuntary control, and their slow, sustained contractions allow organs to move and squeeze items through them.
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology Basics
Skeletal muscle is composed of long cylindrical muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain regularly arranged thick and thin filaments that allow for muscle contraction via the sliding filament mechanism. Thick filaments are composed of myosin and thin filaments are composed of actin. When calcium levels rise, myosin heads bind to actin and the power stroke causes thin filaments to slide inward, shortening the sarcomere and muscle fiber. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via T-tubules in response to neural stimulation.
Connective tissue : General
This document provides information on connective tissue, including its history, classification, components, and fibers. It discusses the classification of connective tissue into general and specialized types based on matrix, fibers, and cells. The major components of general connective tissue are mesenchymal cells, collagenous, elastic, reticular, and oxytalan fibers, and ground substance made of proteoglycans and glycoproteins. Collagen is the most abundant fiber and comes in many types that provide structure and strength. Elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and contract. Connective tissue disorders can arise from mutations affecting collagen and elastin.
Muscle tissue 2
Skeletal muscle tissue is organized into bundles of fibers called fascicles. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and forms an interconnected network. Smooth muscle is found in organs and blood vessels and its cells are elongated and branching unlike striated skeletal and cardiac muscle.
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Describes the action potential occuring in the muscle. It includes the cellular and molecular organization of the muscle particularly on the myosin and actin myofilaments. Describes likewise the steps of muscle contraction.
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The document discusses muscle tissue and its classification. Muscle tissue is one of the four fundamental types and is made up of over 600 muscles. Muscles are classified in three ways: by the presence of striations into striated and non-striated muscle; by control into voluntary and involuntary muscle; and by location in the body into skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. The key functions of muscle include producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, and protecting internal organs.
Histology of muscle
This document summarizes the histology and classification of muscle tissue. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Skeletal muscle is composed of elongated cells with multiple nuclei and striations due to the overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Cardiac muscle cells are branched with central nuclei and intercalated discs. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with a single central nucleus. The document focuses on the histology and structure of skeletal muscle.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology Basics
Skeletal muscle is composed of long cylindrical muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain regularly arranged thick and thin filaments that allow for muscle contraction via the sliding filament mechanism. Thick filaments are composed of myosin and thin filaments are composed of actin. When calcium levels rise, myosin heads bind to actin and the power stroke causes thin filaments to slide inward, shortening the sarcomere and muscle fiber. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via T-tubules in response to neural stimulation.
Connective tissue : General
This document provides information on connective tissue, including its history, classification, components, and fibers. It discusses the classification of connective tissue into general and specialized types based on matrix, fibers, and cells. The major components of general connective tissue are mesenchymal cells, collagenous, elastic, reticular, and oxytalan fibers, and ground substance made of proteoglycans and glycoproteins. Collagen is the most abundant fiber and comes in many types that provide structure and strength. Elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and contract. Connective tissue disorders can arise from mutations affecting collagen and elastin.
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Skeletal muscle tissue is organized into bundles of fibers called fascicles. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and forms an interconnected network. Smooth muscle is found in organs and blood vessels and its cells are elongated and branching unlike striated skeletal and cardiac muscle.
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Describes the action potential occuring in the muscle. It includes the cellular and molecular organization of the muscle particularly on the myosin and actin myofilaments. Describes likewise the steps of muscle contraction.
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Skeletal muscle tissue functions include movement, posture maintenance, joint stabilization, and heat generation. The main types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attaching to bones and moving the skeleton. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart walls and has involuntary, rhythmic contractions. Smooth muscle lacks striations and controls involuntary functions like digestion and blood flow. All muscle tissues contain contractile filaments that slide past each other to cause shortening, but the tissues differ in organization, fiber type, and control.
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i've used this note before this for my first year medicine in egypt. Fot those who taking this course(medicine) , I hope it'll give some ideas to you to study about this subject.
Goodluck :) !
Muscle tissue
1. Muscle tissue is one of four primary tissue types and is divided into three main categories: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows voluntary movement.
2. Skeletal muscle contains bundles of fibers surrounded by connective tissues. Within the fibers are myofibrils composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments that slide past each other to cause muscle contraction.
3. Contraction is triggered when a motor neuron stimulates the neuromuscular junction, causing calcium release and the myosin heads to interact with and pull on the actin filaments. The strength of contraction depends on factors like overlap of filaments and stimulation frequency.
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Muscle is a contractile tissue found throughout the body that produces movement when stimulated. There are three main types of muscle tissue: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle attached to bones that allows for conscious control of movement. It comprises over 600 muscles in the musculoskeletal system, including axial muscles that control facial expression and posture, and appendicular muscles of the limbs. Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by motor nerves, producing movement through their interaction with bones and tendons.
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This document summarizes muscle physiology, including:
1. The functions of muscle tissue such as movement, stability, and respiration.
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3. The types and classifications of muscles as well as the roles of agonist and antagonist muscles.
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i've used this note before this for my first year medicine in egypt. Fot those who taking this course(medicine) , I hope it'll give some ideas to you to study about this subject.
Goodluck :) !
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1. Muscle tissue is one of four primary tissue types and is divided into three main categories: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows voluntary movement.
2. Skeletal muscle contains bundles of fibers surrounded by connective tissues. Within the fibers are myofibrils composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments that slide past each other to cause muscle contraction.
3. Contraction is triggered when a motor neuron stimulates the neuromuscular junction, causing calcium release and the myosin heads to interact with and pull on the actin filaments. The strength of contraction depends on factors like overlap of filaments and stimulation frequency.
Know about Muscular tissue
Muscle is a contractile tissue found throughout the body that produces movement when stimulated. There are three main types of muscle tissue: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle attached to bones that allows for conscious control of movement. It comprises over 600 muscles in the musculoskeletal system, including axial muscles that control facial expression and posture, and appendicular muscles of the limbs. Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by motor nerves, producing movement through their interaction with bones and tendons.
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Describes the overview of the skeletal muscles, its description, functons, and properties. It also inccludes the gross organization of the skeletal system.
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The document outlines muscle physiology, discussing the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It focuses on skeletal muscle, describing its general functions including movement, protection, and posture maintenance. The functional anatomy of skeletal muscle is explained down to the sarcomere level. The physiology of skeletal muscle contraction is summarized in three steps: 1) events at the neuromuscular junction, 2) the excitation-contraction coupling process, and 3) the contraction-relaxation cycle at the sarcomere level.
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The muscular system is composed of about 700 named muscles that make up half of a person's body weight. Muscle tissue is found throughout the body and allows for functions like movement, posture, respiration, heat production, and heart contraction. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows voluntary movement. Disorders that can affect muscles include cramps, fibromyalgia, muscular dystrophy, and tendinitis. The effects of aging include a loss of muscle mass and strength starting as early as age 25.
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Muscular tissue is composed of muscle fibers that contract in response to electrical signals. There are three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. It contracts through a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin interact powered by ATP hydrolysis. At the neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse triggers the release of acetylcholine which binds receptors and generates a muscle action potential, causing contraction.
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A complete lecture of the Histology of Muscle Tissues, taught at First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, in the Histology department, for the first year English medium foreign medical students.
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1. Skeletal muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament theory, where actin filaments slide inward towards the center of the sarcomere, driven by cross-bridge cycling of the myosin heads.
2. Muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, and each motor neuron innervates multiple muscle fibers to form a motor unit.
3. Fine control of muscle movement is achieved through graded recruitment of motor units from small to large as more force is required. Larger motor units with more fibers provide more force but less fine-tuned control.
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Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body and fills spaces between other tissues. It has several components including fibers, ground substance, and cells. The document categorizes connective tissue and describes its various cell types such as fibroblasts that produce collagen fibers, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types, pigment cells like melanocytes that produce pigment, fat cells that store lipids, and immune cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Connective tissue provides structure and support to the body.
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Organization of human body, Cavity Cartilage and Muscle
The human body is organized at different levels, starting with the cell.
Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs.
Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems.
CELL is the smallest functional unit of the body - The groups of cells are called TISSUE
The groups of tissues are called ORGANS - The groups of organs are called SYSTEM.
Systems of the human body
Integumentary system - Skin and its structures (hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands)
Skeletal system - Bones, joints and their associated cartilages.
Muscular system - Muscles.
Nervous system - Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
Endocrine system - Endocrine glands
Cardiovascular system - Blood, Heart and blood vessels
Lymphatic system and immunity - Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils.
Respiratory system - Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes leading into lungs.
Digestive system - Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, and accessory organs such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
Urinary system - Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder & urethra
Reproductive system - Gonads (testes/ovaries) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus and vagina, epididymis, vas deferens and penis)
Special senses - eye, nose, tongue, skin, ear
Body cavities: Body cavities means Any space in the body of a multicellular organism, containing the viscera or fluid
Two types of body cavities:
Ventral Cavity: Consist of Thoracic Cavity, Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
Dorsal Cavity: Include Cranial Cavity & Spinal cavity.
Hyaline Cartilage has a smooth surface and is the most common of the three types of cartilage.
Tough but slightly flexible.
It consists of elastic material with many fine collagen fibrils and chondrocytes.
Because of its smooth surfaces, providing flexibility and support
Example: Connection between ribs and sternum, nasal cartilage and articular cartilage (which covers opposing bone surfaces in many joints).
Fibrocartilage:
Fibrocartilage is the toughest cartilage.
It contains collagen fibers embedded with chondrocytes, making it durable and tough. This makes it perfect to provide support and rigidity
Example: Intervertebral disc, Menisci (knee joint), the callus, Pubic Symphysis
Elastic Cartilage:
Elastic cartilage provides support. It has a yellowish colour
Chondrocytes are located between a network of threadlike elastic fibres;
It flexible and resilient.
Example: the auricle of the outer ear.
Skeletal muscles:
Close relationship to the bone or skeleton, Prominent striations - “Striated Muscles”. Also known as “Voluntary Muscles”
The nucleus is located peripherally
It consists of numerous cells called muscle fibers
It has 3 layers: endomysium, perimysium and epimysium
Functions: locomotion, protection & balance
Cardiac muscle:
Also called heart muscle or myocardium.
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This presentation is done by Orji Jonathan Orji with the guidance of Tamriko valishvili, Associate Prof. Doctor of medicine. Is very educative, well organized and a good learning material, enjoy it to the fullness. Comment, like and share if you fine it useful.
2014 muscular and skeletal system
The document provides an overview of the skeletal and muscular systems. It discusses that the skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments, and tendons that support, protect, and allow movement of the body. It also notes there are over 200 bones in the adult body. The document also outlines the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and their different functions. In summary, the document provides a high-level introduction to the key components and functions of the skeletal and muscular systems.
Skeletal system 6
The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, and joints. It is composed of 206 bones that support the body, protect organs, and allow for movement through connection to muscles. There are over 600 muscles made of muscle cells that contract and relax, attaching to bones via tendons to enable body part movement. Joints include fixed, semi-movable, and movable types that connect bones and facilitate different ranges of motion.
Skeletalsystem6
The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, and joints. It is composed of 206 bones that support the body, protect organs, and allow for movement through connection to muscles. There are over 600 muscles made of muscle cells that contract and relax, attaching to bones via tendons to enable body part movement. Joints include fixed, semi-movable, and movable types that connect bones and facilitate different ranges of motion.
T - Types of Muscle
Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle that is attached to bones and controls movement. It comprises 40-50% of body weight and there are approximately 650 muscles. Skeletal muscle contracts and relaxes in alternating fashion using ATP to generate movement.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary muscle found only in the heart. It has a striated appearance and coordinates contractions to pump blood through the circulatory system. Cardiac muscle cells connect through intercalated discs to contract in a wave-like pattern.
Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle found in organs and passageways like the stomach, intestines, arteries and veins. It controls involuntary functions like digestion and regulates blood flow. Smooth muscle lacks striations and responds to chemical and neural stimuli for
Skeletal and Muscular System
The document provides an overview of the skeletal and muscular systems. It discusses that the skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons. It notes there are 206 bones in the adult human body and more in infants. The document outlines the two parts of the skeletal system, named the axial and appendicular skeletons, and describes the three types of joints. It also summarizes the components and functions of the muscular system, including the three types of muscle tissue.
muscular system report anaphy nn.pptx
The muscular system is a complex network of tissues and organs responsible for movement, stability, and heat generation in the human body. Comprising more than 600 individual muscles, it enables various functions, including locomotion, posture maintenance, breathing, and circulation assistance. Muscles are composed of muscle fibers, which are elongated cells capable of contracting and relaxing to generate force. Skeletal muscles, attached to bones via tendons, facilitate voluntary movements, such as walking and lifting objects, under conscious control. Smooth muscles, found in organs like the digestive tract and blood vessels, perform involuntary functions like peristalsis and regulating blood flow. Cardiac muscle, exclusively present in the heart, sustains its rhythmic contractions to pump blood throughout the body. The muscular system works in coordination with the skeletal, nervous, and circulatory systems to ensure efficient movement and overall bodily function. Regular exercise and proper nutrition are essential for maintaining muscular health and strength throughout life.
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- 2. General Characteristics • Produces movement • Highly specialized to contract or shorten • Elongated
- 3. Skeletal muscles • “Meat” or flesh of the body • Muscular system • Attached to bones and aponeuroses • Very long, cylindrical, striated and multinucleated cells • Voluntary control
- 4. Skeletal muscles • Packaged by connective tissue sheets -endomysium -perimysium -epimysium • Can contract rapidly and with great force
- 6. Cardiac Muscles • Found only in the heart • Striated, uni- or bi- nucleated, branching cells • Involuntary control • With intercalated discs • Contracts at a fairly steady rate set by the “in-house” pacemaker of the heart
- 8. Smooth muscles • Non-striated, uninucleated, fusiform-shaped cells • Involuntary control • Can be found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as stomach, urinary bladder, uterus and blood vessels
- 9. Smooth muscles • Arranged in circular and longitudinal layers • Contraction is slow and sustained
- 12. Thank you!