In this presentation, you will learn the fundamentals of Multi Processors in only a few minutes. What is a multi processor? its different types and many things like the Meanings, features, attributes, applications, and examples of multiprocessors. So, let's get started. If you enjoy this and find the information beneficial, please like and share it with your friends.

1. MULTIPROCESSO
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2. INTRODUCTION
⮚ A multiprocessor system is an interconnection of two or more CPU,
with memory and input-output equipment.
⮚ Multiprocessor can be defined under MIMD category.
⮚ A single job can be divided into independent tasks.
l. By Manually
ll. By Programmer
lll. By Compiler
⮚ Subdivided program can be executed parallelly.
⮚ Due to any kind of fault, If any processor will be failed than task can
be assigned to another processor of that faulty processor.

3. CHARACTERISTICS
⮚ Reliability: Improves the reliability of the system so that a
failure in one part has a limited effect on the rest of the
system.
⮚ Performance: Multiprocessing can improve performance
by decomposing a program into parallel executable tasks.
⮚ Multi Tasking: More than two processors are available in
Multiple program can be executed same time.
⮚ Increased Throughput: Increased throughput because of
execution of multiple jobs in parallel portions of the same
job in parallel.

4. MULTIPROCESSOR
ADVANTAGES
I. Improve Reliability
II. Enhance Performance
III. Multi Tasking
IV. High Throughout
V. More Economic System
DISADVANTAGE
I. More Costly
II. Complicated Operating
System Required
III. Large Main Memory
Required

5. TYPEs OF MULTIPROCESSOR
⮚ Multiprocessor are classified by the way of their
memory is organized, mainly it is classified into two
types.
1. Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor
2. Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor

6. Tightly Couple Multiprocessor
⮚ A Multiprocessor is a tightly coupled computer
system having two or more processing units
(Multiple Processors) each sharing main memory and
peripherals, in order to simultaneously process
programs.
⮚ Tightly coupled Multiprocessor is also know as
shared memory system.

7. Loosely Couple Multiprocessor
⮚ Loosely-coupled multiprocessor systems(often referred
to as clusters ) are based on multiple standalone single
or dual processor commodity computers interconnected
via a high speed communication system.
⮚ Loosely-coupled multiprocessor is also known as
distributed memory.
⮚ Example : A Linux Beowulf cluster.

8. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TIGHTLY
Coupled MULTIPROCESSOR
& LOOSELY COUPLEd
MULTIPROCESSOR
Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor
❑ Tightly coupled systems
physically smaller than
loosely coupled system.
❑ More Expensive.
Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor
❑ Loosely coupled system are
bigger in size as compare of
Tightly coupled systems.
❑ Less Expensive.

9. Interconnection Structures
⮚ The Physical forms for establishing an interconnection network.
1. Time shared common bus.
2. Multiport memory.
3. Crossbar switch.
4. Multistage switching network.
5. Hypercube system.

10. Time–shared common bus.
⮚ A System common bus multiprocessor system consists of a
number of processors connected through a common path to a
memory unit.

11. Multiport Memory
⮚ A Multiport Memory System employs separate buses between
each memory module and each CPU.

12. Cross bar switch
⮚ The Crossbar switch organization consists of a number of cross
points that are placed at intersection between processor buses
and memory module paths.

13. Multistage switching Network
⮚ The basic component of a multistage network is a two-
input , two- output interchange switch.

14. Hypercube Interconnection
⮚ The hypercube or binary n-cube
multiprocessor structure is loosely coupled
system composed of N=2n processor
interconnected in an n-dimensional binary
cube.
⮚ Hyper cube structures for n = 1,2,3.

16. .
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