The term plasma antenna has been applied to a wide variety of antenna concepts that incorporate some use of an ionized medium. In the vast majority of approaches, the plasma, or ionized volume, simply replaces a solid conductor. A highly ionized plasma is essentially a good conductor, and therefore plasma filaments can serve as transmission line elements for guiding waves, or antenna surfaces for radiation.
HIGH ALTITUDE AERONAUTICAL PLATFORMS (HAAPS)naffesha shaik
High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations (HAAPS) is the name of a
technology for providing wireless narrowband and broadband
telecommunication services as well as broadcasting services with either
airships or aircrafts. The HAAPS are operating at altitudes between 3 to 22
km.
The term plasma antenna has been applied to a wide variety of antenna concepts that incorporate some use of an ionized medium. In the vast majority of approaches, the plasma, or ionized volume, simply replaces a solid conductor. A highly ionized plasma is essentially a good conductor, and therefore plasma filaments can serve as transmission line elements for guiding waves, or antenna surfaces for radiation.
HIGH ALTITUDE AERONAUTICAL PLATFORMS (HAAPS)naffesha shaik
High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations (HAAPS) is the name of a
technology for providing wireless narrowband and broadband
telecommunication services as well as broadcasting services with either
airships or aircrafts. The HAAPS are operating at altitudes between 3 to 22
km.
A presentation providing brief information about the Reusable Launch Vehicle or reusable rockets their past, present, and future. If you are interested in learning how this technology works do go through the slides.
Known for SpaceX and Tesla, Elon Musk launched the Hyperloop concept in 2013, a means of ultra-high-speed terrestrial transport by tube. Academics and engineers around the world have followed the visionary entrepreneur's lead and are developing their own tube-based transportation projects. Our brand new Emerging Trends report reviews the opportunities and challenges of this next-generation mode of transport.
– v 1.2
A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research that is made up of multiples of 10×10×10 cm cubic units. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 1.33 kilograms per unit.
Hyperloop presentation by ER.Washique AhemadWashique Ahmad
This PPT is uploaded by MOHD WASHIQUE AHEMAD during the academic of 3rd year in Feroze gandhi institute of engineering and technology, Raebareli under the guidance of Assistant professor Mr. Shardul singh M.TECH(IIT ROORKEE)
This presentation briefly reviews the history of Reusable Launch Vehicle development and reuse techniques. The presentation considers a range of techniques for recovery and reuse of launch vehicles. Various different concepts of reusability have been discussed. The economics of reuse and the advantages of this technology is also presented.
A presentation providing brief information about the Reusable Launch Vehicle or reusable rockets their past, present, and future. If you are interested in learning how this technology works do go through the slides.
Known for SpaceX and Tesla, Elon Musk launched the Hyperloop concept in 2013, a means of ultra-high-speed terrestrial transport by tube. Academics and engineers around the world have followed the visionary entrepreneur's lead and are developing their own tube-based transportation projects. Our brand new Emerging Trends report reviews the opportunities and challenges of this next-generation mode of transport.
– v 1.2
A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research that is made up of multiples of 10×10×10 cm cubic units. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 1.33 kilograms per unit.
Hyperloop presentation by ER.Washique AhemadWashique Ahmad
This PPT is uploaded by MOHD WASHIQUE AHEMAD during the academic of 3rd year in Feroze gandhi institute of engineering and technology, Raebareli under the guidance of Assistant professor Mr. Shardul singh M.TECH(IIT ROORKEE)
This presentation briefly reviews the history of Reusable Launch Vehicle development and reuse techniques. The presentation considers a range of techniques for recovery and reuse of launch vehicles. Various different concepts of reusability have been discussed. The economics of reuse and the advantages of this technology is also presented.
This presentation gives an overview of the networking and conceptualize the terms of the Satellite networking systems, and also provide a glance of the typical functionality of the satellite system in establishing the worldwide mobile communication system, as well as the broadcasting system.
With the support and encouragement of my faculty and friends developed this presentation...
Thank you
A satellite system is a set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit around a planetary-mass object or minor planet, or its barycenter. Generally speaking, it is a set of natural satellites (moons), although such systems may also consist of bodies such as circumplanetary disks, ring systems, moonlets, minor-planet moons, and artificial satellites any which may themselves have satellite systems of their own.
Satellite Internet is the ability to transmit and receive data from a relatively small satellite dish on Earth and communicate with an orbiting geostationary satellite 22,300 miles above Earth's equator.
LEO
MEO
GEO
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Outlines:
History
Definition
Communication system
Architecture
Operation of satellite
Elements
>Space Segment
>Ground Segment
Earth Stations
Digital Earth Station
Orbits
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO)
Different Satellite Communications : Services
Advantages OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Applications OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Future
Conclusion
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
3. Overview
About ONGC.
Introduction.
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Orbit Types.
Satellite Modules.
How Satellites are used.
Frequency Bands.
Multiple Access Techniques.
Earth Station.
Specification of Earth Station at ONGC.
4. ONGC
ONGC is an Indian multinational oil and gas company
headquartered in Dehradun. ONGC was set up under the
visionary leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
It is a public sector undertaking of government of India, under
the administrative control of the ministry of petroleum and
natural gas.
It produces around 72% of India’s crude oil and around 48% of
its natural gas.
It is involved in exploring hydrocarbons in 26 sedimentary
basins of India, and owns and operates over 1100km of
pipelines in the country.
5. INTRODUCTION:
A satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by
human endeavour.
Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common
types include military (spy) and Earth observation satellites,
communication satellites, navigation satellites, weather
satellites, and research satellites.
Satellites are usually semi-independent computer controlled
systems. Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as
power generation, thermal control, telemetry, altitude control
and orbit control.
6. Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
The coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds that of a
terrestrial system.
Transmission cost of a satellite is independent of the
distance from the center of the coverage area.
Higher Bandwidths are available for use.
Disadvantages:
Launching satellites into orbit is costly.
There is a larger propagation delay in satellite
communication than in terrestrial communication.
8. Low Earth Orbit (LEO):
LEO satellites are much closer to the earth than GEO
satellites, ranging from 500 to 1,500 km above the surface.
A LEO satellite’s proximity to earth compared to a GEO
satellite gives it a better signal strength and less of a time
delay, which makes it better for point to point
communication.
A network of LEO satellites is needed, which can be
costly.
9. Medium Earth Orbit (MEO):
A MEO satellite is in orbit somewhere between 8,000 km
and 18,000 km above the earth’s surface.
MEO satellites have a larger coverage area than LEO
satellites.
A MEO satellite’s longer duration of visibility and wider
footprint means fewer satellites are needed in a MEO
network than a LEO network.
A MEO satellite’s distance gives it a longer time delay and
weaker signal than a LEO satellite, though not as bad as a
GEO satellite.
10. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO):
These satellites are in orbit 35,863 km above the earth’s
surface along the equator.
Objects in Geostationary orbit revolve around the earth at
the same speed as the earth rotates. This means GEO
satellites remain in the same position relative to the surface
of earth.
A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large
coverage area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface.
11. GEO (contd.)
A GEO satellite’s distance also cause it to have both a
comparatively weak signal and a time delay in the signal,
which is bad for point to point communication.
GEO satellites, centred above the equator, have difficulty
broadcasting signals to near Polar Regions.
At the Geostationary orbit the satellite covers 42.2% of the
earth’s surface.
Theoretically 3 geostationary satellites provide 100% earth
coverage.
12. Satellite Modules
Spacecraft bus or service module
The Structural Subsystems: The structural subsystem provides
the mechanical base structure, shields the satellite from extreme
temperature changes and micro-meteorite damage, and controls
the satellite’s spin functions.
The Telemetry Subsystems :The telemetry subsystem monitors
the on-board equipment operations, transmits equipment
operation data to the earth control station, and receives the earth
control station’s commands to perform equipment operation
adjustments.
The Power Subsystems: The power subsystem consists of solar
panels and backup batteries that generate power when the
satellite passes into the earth’s shadow.
13. Satellite Module (contd.)
The Thermal Control Subsystems: The thermal control
subsystem helps protect electronic equipment from
extreme temperatures due to intense sunlight or the lack of
sun exposure on different sides of the satellite’s body (e.g.
Optical Solar Reflector)
The Orbit Controlled Control Subsystems: The orbit
controlled subsystem consists of small rocket thrusters that
keep the satellite in the correct orbital position and keep
antennas positioning in the right directions.
14. Satellite Module (contd.)
Communication payload:
The second major module is the communication payload,
which is made up of transponders. Transponders are
capable of:
Receiving uplinked radio signals from earth satellite
transmission stations (antennas).
Amplifying received radio signals
Sorting the input signals and directing the output signals
through input/output signal multiplexers to the proper
downlink antennas for retransmission to earth satellite
receiving stations (antennas).
15. How Satellites are used
Service Types
Fixed Service Satellites (FSS)
Example: Point to Point Communication
Broadcast Service Satellites (BSS)
Example: Satellite Television/Radio
Also called Direct Broadcast Service (DBS).
Mobile Service Satellites (MSS)
Example: Satellite Phones
16. Frequency Bands
Different kinds of satellites use different frequency bands.
L–Band: 1 to 2 GHz, used by MSS
S-Band: 2 to 4 GHz, used by MSS, NASA, deep space
research
C-Band: 4 to 8 GHz, used by FSS
X-Band: 8 to 12.5 GHz, used by FSS and in terrestrial
imaging, ex: military and meteorological satellites
Ku-Band: 12.5 to 18 GHz: used by FSS and BSS (DBS)
K-Band: 18 to 26.5 GHz: used by FSS and BSS
Ka-Band: 26.5 to 40 GHz: used by FSS
17. Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple accesses is defined as the technique where in more
than one pair of earth stations can simultaneously use a satellite
transponder. It is a technique used to explore the satellite’s
geometric advantages and is at the core of satellite networking.
If the different transmissions are differentiated only for the
frequency band, we have the Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA).
If transmissions are distinguished on the basis of time, then they
are considered as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
Finally, if a different code is adopted to separate simultaneous
transmissions, we have the Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA).
18. Earth Station:
Earth Stations are a vital element in any satellite
communication network. The function of an earth station
receive from and transmit information to the satellite
network in the most cost efficient and reliable manner
while retaining the desired signal quality.
Depending on the earth application, an earth station may
have both transmit and receive capabilities or may only be
capable of either transmission or reception.
19. Components of Earth Station
The transmitter is a ground station which sends information to
the satellite. The transmission is done by means of the
transmitting antenna. The uplink frequency ranges from 5.9-5 to
6.4-5 GHz or may also vary from 10.95-11.26GHz.
From a transmitter, the link between satellite and receiver is
known as downlink and frequency used is called as downlink
frequency. The downlink frequency ranges from 3.70-4,2GHz or
may also vary from 11.45-11.70GHz.
Satellite is a device that performs two functions at the same
time. One is that it receives the information originated from
ground station (transmitter) and then secondly it sends this
information to another ground station (receiver).
20. Specification of Earth Station at
ONGC
Satellite: In ONGC INSAT 3B was used earlier but now
GSAT 10 is used.
Location: 83 degree
Frequency:
Uplink: 6.050MHz
Downlink:3.825 MHz
Transponder no.: 15
Bandwidth: 36MHz
Antenna: Cassegrain antennas ( in C-band frequency
range which are generally 11m in diameter and are centre
feed).
21. References
Wertz, James R. and Wiley J.Larson, Space Mission Analysis and Design, Microcosm Press, El
Segundo CA 1999
Peterson and Davie, on reserve in Barker Library
http://www.isl.stanford.edu/people/gray/fundcom.pdf
Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks: http://www.isr.umd.edu/CSHCN// Lloyd's
satellite constellations http://www.sat-net.com/L.Wood/constellations/
Feldman, Phillip M., An overview and comparison of demand assignment multiple access (DAMA)
concepts for satellite communications networks Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996. , Student Project
Report, 2000.
F. Ananasso, F. Delli Pricoli, "The Role of Satellites in Personal Communications Services," IEEE
Journal on Selected Areas in Communications," V 13, N 2, (February 1995), pp.180-195.
A. Guntsch. Analysis of the ATDMA/PRMA++ Protocol in a Mobile Satellite Environment. In
Proceedings 46th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference '96, pp. 1225-1229, Atlanta, U.S.A., April
1996.