The document summarizes Pakistan's fertilizer sector, including its structure, performance, and issues. It notes that the sector is highly regulated, production capacity is 10 million tons annually, and urea accounts for 66.7% of production. Key issues include gas shortages reducing plant utilization to 35%, restrictive regulations creating oligopolies, and an imbalanced use of nutrients promoted through nitrogen subsidies. Recommendations include reforming regulations, improving fertilizer use efficiency, and developing responsive crop varieties and computer models to optimize fertilizer application.