This document provides an overview of the fertilizer industry in India. It discusses that India is the 3rd largest producer and consumer of fertilizers globally. It started in 1906 and expanded significantly in the 1940s. The document describes the key raw materials, manufacturing processes, health and safety aspects of the fertilizer industry. It also summarizes the environmental impacts such as water pollution from runoff, soil acidification, and nitrous oxide emissions contributing to greenhouse gases.
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Fertilizers; Early history • What are Fertilizer • Nutrients in fertilizers • Functions and available form of nutrients • Needs for fertilizers • Essential requirements • Fertility of the soil • pH value of the soil • Fertilizer industry in Pakistan • Fertilizers; merits • Fertilizers; demerits • Uses Precaution; • To sum up • Student assignment
Indian Fertilizer Industry has been witnessing much changes on part of production technology,feed stock, and regulatory policy. So far this industry has been merely logistics and distribution management and not other functions needed much concern because of regulated price.
Till 2010, NPS III had been in force and had to be lifted according to phase wise deregulation of the sector but since new policy has not been finalised, same has been in continuation.
This presentation includes current scenario of the industry, Porter's analysis and SWOT analysis of IIFCO to understand more the Indian fertilizer industry.
Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) is a crucial regulatory framework implemented by governments to ensure the quality, availability, and proper use of fertilizers. It serves as a mechanism to monitor and regulate the production, distribution, labeling, and sale of fertilizers, with the ultimate goal of promoting sustainable agriculture and safeguarding the interests of farmers and consumers.
The FCO encompasses a wide range of provisions and regulations that govern various aspects of the fertilizer industry. One of its primary objectives is to ensure the quality of fertilizers available in the market. The FCO sets specific standards for nutrient content, physical characteristics, impurities, and labeling requirements. By enforcing these standards, the FCO aims to prevent the sale of substandard or adulterated fertilizers that could have detrimental effects on crop productivity and soil health.
Another key aspect of the FCO is the regulation of fertilizer pricing. Governments often intervene to control the prices of fertilizers to make them affordable for farmers. The FCO may include provisions to monitor and control the pricing of fertilizers, ensuring that they remain accessible to farmers while preventing price manipulation and exploitation.
The FCO also addresses the licensing and registration of fertilizer manufacturers, importers, and distributors. Manufacturers and importers are required to obtain licenses or registrations from the designated regulatory authorities. This helps in maintaining a record of fertilizer producers and suppliers, ensuring accountability, and enabling traceability in case of any quality-related issues or non-compliance.
To ensure compliance with the FCO, regulatory bodies are empowered with inspection and monitoring mechanisms. They conduct regular inspections of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, storage sites, and distribution channels to verify compliance with quality standards, labeling requirements, and other provisions of the FCO. Non-compliance can lead to penalties, fines, or even suspension of licenses, acting as a deterrent for violations and promoting adherence to the regulations.
The FCO also addresses the issue of fertilizers' safe and efficient use. It may mandate the inclusion of information on fertilizer labels regarding dosage, application methods, and safety precautions. This helps farmers make informed decisions about fertilizer application, preventing excessive or improper use that can lead to environmental pollution, nutrient imbalances, and crop damage. The FCO may also encourage the promotion of organic and biofertilizers, providing incentives and support for their production and utilization.
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
For More Details, Click Here:-
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4848/npk-fertilizer-calcium-ammonium-nitrate.html
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New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Fertilizers; Early history • What are Fertilizer • Nutrients in fertilizers • Functions and available form of nutrients • Needs for fertilizers • Essential requirements • Fertility of the soil • pH value of the soil • Fertilizer industry in Pakistan • Fertilizers; merits • Fertilizers; demerits • Uses Precaution; • To sum up • Student assignment
Indian Fertilizer Industry has been witnessing much changes on part of production technology,feed stock, and regulatory policy. So far this industry has been merely logistics and distribution management and not other functions needed much concern because of regulated price.
Till 2010, NPS III had been in force and had to be lifted according to phase wise deregulation of the sector but since new policy has not been finalised, same has been in continuation.
This presentation includes current scenario of the industry, Porter's analysis and SWOT analysis of IIFCO to understand more the Indian fertilizer industry.
Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) is a crucial regulatory framework implemented by governments to ensure the quality, availability, and proper use of fertilizers. It serves as a mechanism to monitor and regulate the production, distribution, labeling, and sale of fertilizers, with the ultimate goal of promoting sustainable agriculture and safeguarding the interests of farmers and consumers.
The FCO encompasses a wide range of provisions and regulations that govern various aspects of the fertilizer industry. One of its primary objectives is to ensure the quality of fertilizers available in the market. The FCO sets specific standards for nutrient content, physical characteristics, impurities, and labeling requirements. By enforcing these standards, the FCO aims to prevent the sale of substandard or adulterated fertilizers that could have detrimental effects on crop productivity and soil health.
Another key aspect of the FCO is the regulation of fertilizer pricing. Governments often intervene to control the prices of fertilizers to make them affordable for farmers. The FCO may include provisions to monitor and control the pricing of fertilizers, ensuring that they remain accessible to farmers while preventing price manipulation and exploitation.
The FCO also addresses the licensing and registration of fertilizer manufacturers, importers, and distributors. Manufacturers and importers are required to obtain licenses or registrations from the designated regulatory authorities. This helps in maintaining a record of fertilizer producers and suppliers, ensuring accountability, and enabling traceability in case of any quality-related issues or non-compliance.
To ensure compliance with the FCO, regulatory bodies are empowered with inspection and monitoring mechanisms. They conduct regular inspections of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, storage sites, and distribution channels to verify compliance with quality standards, labeling requirements, and other provisions of the FCO. Non-compliance can lead to penalties, fines, or even suspension of licenses, acting as a deterrent for violations and promoting adherence to the regulations.
The FCO also addresses the issue of fertilizers' safe and efficient use. It may mandate the inclusion of information on fertilizer labels regarding dosage, application methods, and safety precautions. This helps farmers make informed decisions about fertilizer application, preventing excessive or improper use that can lead to environmental pollution, nutrient imbalances, and crop damage. The FCO may also encourage the promotion of organic and biofertilizers, providing incentives and support for their production and utilization.
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
For More Details, Click Here:-
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4848/npk-fertilizer-calcium-ammonium-nitrate.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
application of mineral as ferlizer; what are the mineral that are very good uses for fertilizer production , and they are how processed and availability of the mineral
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
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FLATULENCE
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FECAL INCONTINENCE
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PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
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2. Presentation outline
Introduction
What is fertilizers
Global production and consumption of fertilizers
Classification
Raw Materials
Manufacturing process
Health hazards at workplace
Safety measures
Medical Surveillance
Environmental effects
3. INTRODUCTION
India is the third largest producer and consumer of
fertilizer in the world.
Indian fertilizer industry started in 1906 with SSP
production facility at Ranipet near Chennai
Started operating in a big scale since 1940s, when the
Fertilizer & Chemicals Travancore of India Ltd. and the
Fertilizers Corporation of India were set up in Kerala and
Bihar
Total production of fertilizers in india-206.5mt per year.
4. Fertilizer
A fertilizer is any material of natural or
synthetic origin (other than liming materials)
that is applied to soils or to plant tissues
(usually leaves) to supply one or more plant
nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
8. MAJOR PLAYERS:
The public sector companies in Indian fertilizer market are
listed below:
· Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL)
· Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC)
· Pyrites, Phosphates & Chemicals Limited
· Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (RCF)
· National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)
· Projects &Development India Limited (PDIL)
· The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT)
· Madras Fertilizers Limited (MFL)
· FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited, Jodhpur
9. Some Private fertilizer Companies
The Scientific Fertilizer Co Pvt Ltd
Coromandel Fertilizers
Deepak Fertilizers and Petrochemicals Corporation Limited
Apratim International
Aries AgroVet
Devidayal Agro Chemicals
DSCL
Gujarat State Fertilizers &Chemicals Limited
Tata Chemicals Limited
Chambal Fertilizers
Nagarjuna Fertilizers and chemicals limited
Godavari Fertilizers and Chemicals limited
Zuari Industries limited
10. Mechanism :
Fertilizers enhance the growth of plants.
1. additives that provide nutrients to plants.
2. enhance the effectiveness of the soil by
modifying its water retention and aeration.
15. Nitrogen (N): leaf growth;
Phosphorus (P): Development of roots,
flowers, seeds, fruit;
Potassium (K): Strong stem growth,
movement of water in plants, promotion of
flowering and fruiting;
17. Single Nutrient ("straight") Fertilizers :
-They consist of only one
nutrient component.
Multi Nutrient Fertilizers :
-They consist of two or more
nutrient components.
19. Secondary nutrients are added to some
fertilizers to help make them more effective
Calcium is obtained from limestone
Magnesium - dolomite
Sulfur is another material that is mined
and added to fertilizers
20. The Manufacturing Process :
Nitrogen fertilizer component :
Haber–Bosch process
It is an artificial Nitrogen Fixation process -
for the production of Ammonia.
N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
Typically conducted at 15–25 MPa
Between 400–500 °C (752–932 °F)
24. Phosphorous fertilizer
component
To isolate phosphorus from phosphate
rock, it is treated with sulfuric acid,
producing phosphoric acid.
Some of this material is reacted further
with sulfuric acid and nitric acid to produce
a triple superphosphate, an excellent
source of phosphorous in solid form.
25. Potassium fertilizer component
KCl can be reduced to the metal by
reaction with metallic sodium at 850°C
because the potassium is removed by
distillation
KCl(l) + Na(l) ⇌ NaCl(l) + K(g)
26. Granulating and blending
1.Method of granulation involves putting the
solid materials into a rotating drum which
has an inclined axis
2. The different types of particles are
blended together in appropriate proportions
to produce a composite fertilizer
27. Health Hazards at Workplace :
Ammonia : (Exposure to vapour)
i. coughing, and nose and throat irritation
ii. bronchiolar and alveolar edema
iii. airway destruction resulting in respiratory
distress or failure
iv. skin and eye irritation
28. Health Hazards at Workplace :
Phosphate :( Inhalation of dust or mists)
i. Kidney damage
ii. Osteoporosis
NOX :
i. Airway inflammation
ii. Bronchial asthma
29. Safety Measures :
Mechanization and automation of process.
Enclosure and heat insulation of the plant.
Efficient general ventilation & local exhaust ventilation
system.
Use of PPE – protective clothing, Rubber gloves &
respirator is essential.
Training and Health Education to Workers.
Mock Drills & Medical surveillance.
30. Medical Surveillance
Pre medical examination :
Candidates with history of bronchial asthma
unlikely to be a effective worker.
1. PFT
2. Audiometry
31. Medical Surveillance
Periodic medical examination :
1. Frequency –Half yearly
2. PFT / Audiometry
3. Platelet Count
4. Blood Carboxy Hb – once in a year -
for chronic CO toxicity.
33. water
high water solubility of nitrate leads to
increased runoff into surface water
as well as leaching into groundwater,
thereby causing Ground Water Pollution
Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L (10 ppm) in
groundwater can cause 'blue baby
syndrome' (acquired methemoglobinemia)
36. WATER POLLUTION & ITS
HEALTH EFFECTS IN HUMANS
kidney failure, improper mental and
physical growth, hypertension, hemoglobin
deficiency, hair loss and skin diseases.
Cadmium toxicity is associated with
reduce fertility in women and men.
37. WATER POLLUTION & ITS
HEALTH EFFECTS IN HUMANS
Arsenic – Toxic anemia,
CVS / CNS disorders.
Lead- lower the intelligence of the young
children ( Cognitive function)
slow poison for the future generation.
38. Soil
1.Acidification :
lead to decreases in nutrient availability
2.Accumulation of toxic elements :
Cadmium
cadmium in phosphorus-containing
fertilizer is about 100mg/kg
Flouride
Arsenic
chromium, and Nickel
39. Atmosphere
Through the increasing use of nitrogen
fertilizer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) has become the
third most important Greenhouse Gas after
carbon dioxide and methane
It has a global warming potential 296 times
larger than an equal mass of carbon dioxide