The document provides information on common diseases that affect cucurbit vegetables, mango, corn, and onion. It describes the cause, symptoms, and control methods for diseases such as anthracnose, powdery mildew, damping off, and bacterial diseases. Key crops that are susceptible to diseases include cucurbit vegetables, mango, and corn. Common diseases and their symptoms are outlined for each crop.
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
a brief description on diseases of pea their symptom and casual organism.
Content is for eduacational purpose and truly for students ,scientist and farmers.
students presentation
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
a brief description on diseases of pea their symptom and casual organism.
Content is for eduacational purpose and truly for students ,scientist and farmers.
students presentation
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
Diseases of rose, Crown Gall Rot, Black Spot, Powdery mildew of Rose, Rust an...Muhammad Ammar
Diseases of rose:
Crown Gall Rot,
Black Spot,
Powdery mildew of Rose,
Rust and Anthracnose.
Besides rose diseases, environmental factors can effect your plants too, and they should be watched for an remedied when found. To keep most rose diseases under control, a commercial fungicide will take care of it. In other cases, proper pruning techniques and the maintenance of clean garden implements goes a long way in preventing such conditions from occurring in the first place.
I have found that only two sprays are needed to keep your plants healthy. The first is sulpher. This will work for most of the diseases. But not for black-spot: for this you need Capstan.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
Diseases of rose, Crown Gall Rot, Black Spot, Powdery mildew of Rose, Rust an...Muhammad Ammar
Diseases of rose:
Crown Gall Rot,
Black Spot,
Powdery mildew of Rose,
Rust and Anthracnose.
Besides rose diseases, environmental factors can effect your plants too, and they should be watched for an remedied when found. To keep most rose diseases under control, a commercial fungicide will take care of it. In other cases, proper pruning techniques and the maintenance of clean garden implements goes a long way in preventing such conditions from occurring in the first place.
I have found that only two sprays are needed to keep your plants healthy. The first is sulpher. This will work for most of the diseases. But not for black-spot: for this you need Capstan.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
Forecasting Model for leaf Spot of Banana by Md. Kamaruzzaman Md. Kamaruzzaman
A model is nothing but a sequential hypothesis of what to do before epidemic .It is the simple and easy expression of forecasting information. It can be expressed by graphically or diagrammatically.
The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) involves the need based use of pesticide only when the disease incidence reach economic threshold levels and this will promote the build up of many bio-control agent in the crop ecosystems.
Thus IDM, a greener alternative to the conventional use of chemicals, is an attempt to promote natural, economic and sociological farming methods through the most effective combination of farming techniques and judicious and limited use of fungicide.
In other words, IDM programme implies all the available disease management approaches including cultural, biological and chemical control with the main objective to keep the disease incidence below economic threshold level.
Disease of-horticultural-crops-their-management like
Diseases of Citrus
Diseases of Mango
Diseases of Banana
Diseases of Grapes
disease of banana,apple,grape,guava,papaya.
This Book Covers All This Topic
1. Diseases of Citrus 5-9
2. Diseases of Mango 10-16
3. Diseases of Banana 17-23
4. Diseases of Grapes 24-27
5. Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya 28-32
6. Diseases of Guava 33-35
7. Diseases of Apple 36-43
8. Diseases of Chilli 44-51
9. Diseases of Brinjal 52-57
10. Diseases of Bhendi 58-61
11. Diseases of Potato 62-72
12. Diseases of Cucurbits 73-88
13. Diseases of Crucifers 89-109
14. Diseases of Tomato 110-120
15. Diseases of Beans 121-127
16. Diseases of Onion & Garlic 128-137
17. Diseases of Coconut and Oil palm 138-145
18. Diseases of Mulberry 146-148
19. Diseases of Betelvine 149-152
20. Diseases of Coffee 153-156
21. Diseases of Tea 157-159
22. Diseases of Rose 160-164
23. Diseases of Chrysanthemum 165-167
24. Diseases of Jasmine and Crossandra 168-169
25. Diseases of Crossandra
book by http://www.agrilearner.com
A serious and important disease that affects banana and got huge loss in its yield and growth. Some factors that are responsible for its cause and measures to eliminate this disease are briefly discussed.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Common diseases of cucurbit vegetables, mango,
1. Common Diseases of
Cucurbit Vegetables,
Mango, Corn and Onion
Agricultural Extension 217 –
Advanced Crop Protection
Mr. Pedro Ramos
Professor
Ronel D. Cana
Student, MSA
2. Introduction
Crop
Production
production of
involves in
food and other
depth plant
aim related
sciences
products and
and up-to-date commodities
technologies
3. Introduction
Crop
Protection
application of different technologies for the
purpose of increasing yield and minimizing, if
not totally eradicating yield loss
engages both the recognition
and control of plant pests and
diseases
4. Introduction
Tropical
Agricultural
Crops
among the crops that are most susceptible to
plant diseases
these susceptible crops include cucurbit
vegetables, mango, corn and onion
5. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Alternaria leaf spot
Cause: Fungus – Alternaria cucumerina and
Alternaria alternata
Symptoms: Small spots develop on the upper
surface of leaves which could develop into
larger coalescing lesions. These lesions might
have concentric rings.
Control: Use of disease-free seeds; Use of
recommended fungicides.
7. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Downy Mildew
Cause: Fungus – Pseudoperenospora cubensis
Symptoms: Leaves have a mottled
appearance. Leaf spots turn a pale yellow
color, enlarge and dry out. Can be confused
with the bacterial disease angular leaf spot.
Control: Use tolerant varieties where available; Use
a fungicide program that allows for the rotation of
protective and systemic fungicides which reduce the
chance of fungicide resistance developing.
9. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Powdery mildew
Cause: Fungus – Podosphaera xanthi
Symptoms: White powdery spots develop on
leaves. Symptoms usually develop first on the
underside of leaves before covering both
sides. Leaves gradually turn yellow to a
papery brown and eventually die.
10. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Powdery mildew
Control: Use tolerant varieties where
available; Monitor crops closely; Use a
fungicide program involving the rotation of
protective and systemic fungicides that
reduce the chance of fungicide resistance
developing; Petroleum spray oils, milk and
bicarbonates might offer some control.
12. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Anthracnose
Cause: Fungi – Colletotrichum orbiculare
Symptoms: Brown to black spots develop on
leaves; long dark spots develop on stems and
round sunken spots develop on fruit. Fruit
symptoms might develop in transit.
13. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Anthracnose
Control: Use tolerant varieties where
available; Monitor crops closely to identify
the disease early in its cycle; Use
recommended fungicides; Don’t replant in
sites that have previously had the disease, or
use a long rotation.
15. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Scab
Cause: Fungus – Cladosporium cucumerinum
Symptoms: Can affect leaves, petioles, stems and
fruits. Water-soaked spots occur on leaves and
runners. These spots eventually turn grey to white.
Lesions on fruit are often confused with
anthracnose. These spots are 3–4 mm in diameter
and might ooze a gummy substance. The spots
could then be invaded by secondary rotting bacteria
which cause the spots to smell.
16. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Scab
Control: Use resistant cultivars; Use disease-
free seed; Apply appropriate fungicides
particularly if cool, wet weather is expected;
Rotate cucurbits with other crops, with two
or more years between cucurbits; Avoid low-
lying, shaded areas prone to moisture and
dews.
18. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Damping-off of seedlings and fungal root rots
Cause: Fungi including Pythium, Rhizoctonia
and Fusarium
Symptoms: The first symptoms are water-
soaked lesions occurring at soil level. This
leads to wilting and seedling death. Often,
plants that have survived damping-off might
show symptoms of root rot. Roots can have a
watery grey appearance, particularly the finer
feeder roots.
19. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Damping-off of seedlings and fungal root rots
Control: Usually sporadic outbreaks and can
be difficult to control; Fungicide seed
treatments provide some control of damping-
off; Plant to allow vigorous growth, and do
not overwater; Ensure residue from previous
crops is well-decomposed.
21. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Bacterial leaf spot
Cause: Bacterium – Xanthomonas campestris
pv. Cucurbitae
Symptoms: Spots first appear leaves as small
water-soaked or greasy areas on the
underside of leaves, and as indefinite yellow
areas on the upper side of leaves. In about
five days the spots become round to angular
with thin, brown, translucent centres and a
wide, yellow halo.
22. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Bacterial leaf spot
The spots enlarge up to about 7 mm
diameter. Occasionally young stems and
petioles are attacked. Young fruit may also be
affected. Fruit may produce a light brown
ooze from small, water-soaked areas, which
can extend into the seed cavity, causing seed
infection.
23. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Bacterial leaf spot
Control: Use disease-free seed; Do not work
in the crop when it is wet; Practise rotation
and destroy plant debris by burning, if
possible, or ploughing in; Use recommended
chemical treatments, but often it is too late
after fruit symptoms are noticed.
25. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Mosaic
Cause: Watermelon mosaic virus, papaya
ringspot virus and tomato mosaic virus.
Symptoms: Light and dark green mottling of
the leaves. Distortion of leaves and stunting
of the plant might occur. Squash fruit might
show sunken concentric circles or a raised
marbled pattern.
26. Diseases of Cucurbit Vegetables
Mosaic
Control: Use tolerant varieties; If only a few
plants are affected they should be removed
and destroyed; Insect control (Aphids) is an
option if monitoring is practised and
appropriate insecticide applications are
made; Plant residue should be incorporated
as soon as possible after harvest.
29. Common Diseases of Mango
Anthracnose
Cause: Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum
gloeosporiodies, Gloeosporium mangiferae.
Symptom: The disease appears on young
leaves, stem, inflorescence and fruits. Leaves
show oval or irregular grayish, brown spots
which may coalesce to cover larger area of
the leaves.
30. Common Diseases of Mango
Anthracnose
Consequently, the development of the
affected leaves is hampered and they dry and
shed off. On young stem, grey brown spots
develop. These enlarge and cause girdling
and drying of affected area. Often, black
necrotic I areas develop on the twigs from the
tip downwards causing a dieback.
31. Common Diseases of Mango
Anthracnose
Control
a. The fungus survives on dead and dried twigs,
therefore, they should be pruned/cut and burnt
as soon as possible.
b. The disease can be controlled by spraying
Bordeaux I mixture (3:3:50) Blitox or Phytolan
(0.3%), Bavistin or Benlate (0.1 %), thrice a year..
c. Affected full grown fruits should be dipped in
hot water (51OC) for 15 minutes before storage.
34. Common Diseases of Mango
Powdery mildew
Cause: Odium mangiferae
Symptom: A white superficial powdery mass
of fungus growth covers the leaves, the stalks
of the panicles, the flowers and tender fruits.
The powdery mass consists mainly of fungal
spores. The mildew affects the flowers before
fertilization and the fruits in their earliest
stages.
35. Common Diseases of Mango
Powdery mildew
The affected flowers and fruits drop
prematurely, reducing the crop considerably
or preventing the fruit set. Rain and mist
accompanied by cool nights during the
flowering period, favors the development of
the disease. Shedding of infected leaves may
also occur.
36. Common Diseases of Mango
Powdery mildew
Control
a. The most effective method of control is by
dusting finely powdered sulfur on the flowering
branches. More than one round of dusting will
be necessary. The first round should be given
before flower opening. This will be followed by
two or more rounds at fortnightly interval.
b. It can also be controlled by the application of
Kemthane (0.1%) or Bavistin (0.1%) or Benlate
«0.1%). The spray should be given before the
flowering, as a preventive measure.
38. Common Diseases of Mango
Bacterial canker
Cause: Pseudomonas mangiferae
Symptom: The earliest symptom is the
formation of small dark green water soaked
spots which finally assume the shape of a
raised black spot. These areas on the fruits
develop longitudinal cracks and gum starts
oozing out from the splits.
39. Common Diseases of Mango
Bacterial canker
Seriously affected fruits drop down and the
yield is reduced since affected fruits are
unattractive and unmarketable.
40. Common Diseases of Mango
Bacterial canker
Control
a. Bordeaux mixture (4:4:50) may be applied at
fortnightly interval from the first appearance of
the disease on the leaves.
b. Recently, two sprays of Streptocycline (200
ppm) have been found to be helpful in reducing
the incidence of this disease.
c. Field sanitation and seedling certification as
preventive measures and seedling branches and
fruits are reported to minimize the infestation of
this disease.
42. Reading Excercise Muna!
I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd
waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the
hmuan mnid. Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at
Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht
oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt
tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can
sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the
huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef,
but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I
awlyas thought slpeling was ipmorantt!
44. Common Diseases of Corn
Seed Rot, Seedling Blight, Root Rot
Cause: Pythium, Fusarium, Gibberella,
Trichoderma and Penicillium
Symptoms: The color of the roots most often
provides a good indication of which organism(s) are
present:
• greyish-white indicates Diplodia
• tan to pink indicates Fusarium or Gibberella
• reddish to brown indicates Rhizoctonia
• blue-green indicates Penicillium or Trichoderma
45. Common Diseases of Corn
Seed Rot, Seedling Blight, Root Rot
Symptom: Seed, seedling and roots infected
by Pythium are most often soft (wet) and
dark coloured, as opposed to roots infected
with Fusarium, Gibberella, Diplodia and
Rhizoctonia, which are firm or leathery.
47. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Leaf Blight
Cause: Colletotrichum graminicola
Symptoms: Anthracnose may affect both
leaves and stalks. The main symptoms are
leaf spotting, top dieback and stalk rot. Leaf
spots are oval, up to 15 mm (6 in.) long, with
a tan centre and reddish-brown border.
Individual lesions may join, forming streaking
along the margin or midrib.
48. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Leaf Blight
Symptom: A general yellowing of the tissue
surrounding the infected areas often
develops. With the aid of a hand lens, small
black spots can be seen in the centre of the
lesions. The disease is first observed on the
lower leaves and later on the upper leaves.
Top dieback can occur late in the season as
diseased leaves wilt and gradually die.
49. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Leaf Blight
Control
a. Planting resistant varieties
b. Practicing crop rotation
c. Using of effective fungicides
51. Common Diseases of Corn
Common Smut and Head Smut
Cause: Ustilago zeae and Sporisorium holci-sorghi
Symptoms: Greyish smut galls up to 10 cm (4
in.) in diameter develop on the stalks, ears
and tassels, while smaller galls often appear
on the leaves. The galls initially have a white
membrane cover that eventually breaks and
releases dark-brown or black powdery
spores.
52. Common Diseases of Corn
Common Smut and Head Smut
Symptom: On the leaves, galls develop into a
hard, dry growth. Smut galls can replace
kernels. Unlike common smut, head smut
occurs only on the ears and tassels.
53. Common Diseases of Corn
Common Smut and Head Smut
Control
a. Minimizing mechanical and chemical injury to
the plant;
b. Practicing a balanced-fertility program
c. Using of effective fungicides
55. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Stalk Rot
Cause: Colletotrichum graminicola
Symptoms: Large, dark brown-to-black shiny
areas or streaks on the outer stalk rind. These
shiny or discoloured areas are often found at
the base of the stalk. Cutting the stalk
lengthwise will reveal a discolored and rotted
pith. Premature death occurs above the ear,
with the plant tissue below the ear remaining
green.
56. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Stalk Rot
Examination of the stalk in these dead areas
will show the same shiny black areas that are
found at the stalk base. Plants with top
dieback symptoms correspond to areas of the
field that had late-season stresses.
57. Common Diseases of Corn
Anthracnose Stalk Rot
Control
a. planting hybrids that have good resistance or
tolerance to leaf diseases and stalk rots
b. managing insects such as corn borer
c. good weed control
d. appropriate plant populations
e. a balanced N and K fertility program
f. crop rotation
59. Common Diseases of Corn
Fusarium Ear Rot
Cause: Fusarium verticilloides
Symptoms: Unlike gibberella ear rot, kernels
infected with fusarium ear rot will be
scattered around the cob among healthy-
looking kernels or on kernels that have been
damaged (by corn borer or bird feeding). Silks
are susceptible to infection during the first 5
days after initiation.
60. Common Diseases of Corn
Fusarium Ear Rot
Fusarium infection produces a white-to-pink
or salmon-coloured mould. A "white
streaking" or "star-bursting" can be seen on
the infected kernel surface.
61. Common Diseases of Corn
Fusarium Ear Rot
Control
a. Harvest as early as possible.
b. If bird damage is evident, harvest outside
damaged rows separately. Keep and handle the
grain from these rows separately.
c. Adjust harvest equipment to minimize damage
to corn.
d. Cool the grain after drying.
e. Clean bins before storing new grain.
63. Common Diseases of Onion
Purple Blotch
Cause: Alternaria porri
Symptoms: Small white sunken spots develop
on the leaves. These enlarge and under moist
conditions, turn purple. These are also
prominent on the inflorescence stalks.
Infection can cause a semi-watery rot on
necks of bulbs that turn yellow-red in color.
Infected bulb tissues become papery.
64. Common Diseases of Onion
Purple Blotch
Control
Cultural control methods include long rotations
with unrelated crops and good drainage. Lowering
the density of transplanted crops will reduce
infection, as will the application of high rates of
calcium superphosphate and potassium fertilizer.
Nitrogen fertilizer at low and high rates will
increase the prevalence of disease. Routine
(weekly interval) field sprays with dithiocarbamate
fungicides, particularly mancozeb and
chlorothalonil.
66. Common Diseases of Onion
Anthracnose
Cause: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Symptoms: The leaves become twisted due
to infection.
Control
Control measures are similar to purple blotch.
68. Common Diseases of Onion
Downy Mildew
Cause: Peronospora destructor
Symptoms: Appearing as white specks,
usually confined to the oldest leaves of young
plants. A white mold develops rapidly in cool
damp weather and progresses down the
sheath, and plants eventually fall over and
dry up.
69. Common Diseases of Onion
Downy Mildew
Control
Young plants can be treated with mancozeb at
weekly intervals until bulbing begins.
71. Common Diseases of Onion
Basal Rots
Cause: Fusarium spp.
Symptoms: Outwardly, the bulb may appear
normal. It eventually becomes soft, however,
and will develop a watery rot under moist
conditions or a dry shriveled bulb in a dry
environment.
72. Common Diseases of Onion
Basal Rots
Control
Application of fungicides, good field drainage and
removal of excess moisture in the storage area.
75. IQ & EQ: The Difference
• IQ makes you a brilliant fiscal analyst;
EQ makes you CEO.
• IQ makes you a legal scholar;
EQ makes you a brilliant trial lawyer.
• IQ makes you a valedictorian;
EQ makes you student body president.
• IQ makes you a good English professor;
EQ makes you chairman of English Department.
• IQ makes you a sociologist of marriage;
EQ makes you happily married.
• IQ lets you write psychiatric theories;
EQ means you don’t need a psychiatrist.