The document discusses various construction materials including mortar, concrete, bitumen, and paints. It provides details on the composition and uses of different types of mortar such as lime mortar, cement mortar, and lime-cement mortar. It also discusses the main types of concrete including reinforced cement concrete. The document defines bitumen as a semi-solid hydrocarbon product derived from crude oil and lists its uses. Finally, it provides a basic definition of paint and some common uses such as artwork, decoration, surface protection, and warnings.

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
ELEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING(2110004)
TOPIC NAME:- MORTAR, CONCRETE,
BITUMEN, PAINTS.
PRESENTED BY:- JANI PARTH U.(56)
GUIENDES BY:-
PRO. KRISHNA SUCHAK

2. MORTAR
1.WHAT IS MORTAR?
THE MORTAR IS USED TO INDICATE A PASTE PREPARED BY
ADDING A REQUIRED QUANTITY OF WATER TO MIXTURE
OF LIME OR CEMENT AND SAND.
2.USE OF MORTAR?
MORTAR IS A PASTE USED TO BIND BLOCKS TOGETHER WHILE
FILLING THE SPACES BETWEEN THEM . IT IS USED MOST
COMMONLY IN THE MASONRY TRADE TO BIND STONE, BRICK
OR CONCRETE BLOCKS DURING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

3. IT CAN ALSO BE USED TO REPAIR WHEN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION
HAS CRUMBLED OR WASHED AWAY.
IT IS APPLIED AS A THICK PASTE AND SETS HARD. IT CREATES A TIGHT
SEAL BETWEEN BRICKS TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF AIR AND
MOISTURE INTO THE STRUCTURE.
(NORMAL MORTAR)

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MORTAR
(LIME HAS BEEN AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF MORTARS FOR OVER 2000 YEARS.):
(1) LIME MORTAR : LIME MORTAR CONSISTS OF A MIXTURE
LIME AND SAND (OR SURKHI) WORKED
WITH WATER.
Lime mortar
hydraulic lime
mortar
Fat (non hydraulic)
lime mortar

5. HOW TOO CREATE
LIME MORTAR?

6. (2) CEMENT MORTAR :WHAT IS CEMENT MORTAR?
CEMENT MORTAR CONSISTS OF
MIXTURES OF CEMENT WITH SAND
IN THE SUITABLE QUANTITY OF WATER.
USE OF CEMENT MORTAR?
IN SITUATIONS WHERE STRONG,DURABLE AND RESISTANT
MORTAR IS DESIRED,THE CEMENT MORTAR BECOMES
INDISPENSABLE.
IN RECENT YEARS, MOST OF THE QUALITY CONSTRUCTION
WORK HAS BEEN DONE ONLY WITH CEMENT MORTAR.

7. GUTTER LINE

8. (3) LIME-CEMENT MORTAR:
LIME-CEMENT MORTAR CONSISTS
MIXTURES OF CEMENT WITH LIME
MORTAR.
WHY WE SHOULD INCLUDE CEMENT IN LIME MORTAR?
TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIME MORTAR ITS WORKABILITY,
CEMENT IS ADDED TO THE LIME MORTAR.

9. THESE MORTAR CONTAIN BOTH CEMENT AND LIME AS THE
ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS BESIDES THE FINE AGGREGATES, WHICH IS
GENERALLY SAND.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE GAUGED MORTAR OR COMPOSITE
MORTAR.
BENEFIT OF LIME-CEMENT MORTAR
1. FLEXURAL BOND STRENGTH
2. DURABILITY
3. WATER LEAKAGE
4. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

10. 4.SURKHI MORTAR
SURKHI MORTAR IS PREPARED BY USING
FULLY SURKHI INSTEAD BY REPLACING
HALF OF SAND IN CASE OF FAT LIME
MORTAR.
THE RATIO OF LIME TO SURKHI WILL
DEPEND ON THE NATCHER OF JOB
WHERE THE MORTAR IS TO BE USED.
IT MAY BE MENTIONED HERE THAT SURKHI CANNOT BE USED TO MAKE MORTARS
WITH CEMENT AS IT REACTIVE TOWARDS SOME CEMENT INGREDIENTS.
USE OF SURKHI MORTAR:-SURKHI MORTAR IS USED FOR ORDINARY
MASONRY WORK OF ALL KINDS IN FOUNDATION AND SUPERSTRUCTURE.

11. GYPSUM MORTAR
IN THESE MORTAR , GYPSUM CEMENTS
( BUILDING GYPSUM AND ANHYDRITE )
ARE THE BINDING MATERIALS.
USE OF GYPSUM MORTAR
THESE ARE RARELY USED IN TOUGH
CONSTRUCTION.
THEY FIND APPLICATIONS AS PLASTERS
( FOR COVERING COATS )

12. PROPERTIES OF GOOD MORTAR
1. IT SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF DEVELOPING GOOD ADHESION WITH THE BUILDING
UNITS SUCH AS BRICKS, STONES ETC.
2.IT SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF DEVELOPING THE DESIGNED STRESSES.
3.IT SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF RESISTING PENETRATION OF RAIN WATER.
4.IT SHOULD BE CHEAP.
5.IT SHOULD BE DURABLE
6.IT SHOULD BE EASILY WORKABLE
7.IT SHOULD NOT AFFECT THE DURABILITY OF MATERIALS WITH WHICH IT COMES
INTO CONTACT.
8.IT SHOULD SET QUICKLY SO THAT SPEED IN CONSTRUCTION MAY BE ACHIEVED.
9.THE JOINTS FORMED BY MORTAR SHOULD NOT DEVELOP CRACKS AND THEY
SHOULD BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THEIR APPEARANCE FOR A SUFFICIENTLY LONG
PERIOD.

13. CONCRETE
WHAT IS CONCRETE?
CONCRETE MAY BE DEFINED AS A PLASTIC MIXTURE OF BILDING MATERIALS WITH
SAND AND AGGREGATES ( LIKE GRAVELS OR CRUSHED STONES ) IN THE PRESENCE
OF WATER.
THE MIXTURE IN A PLASTIC CONDITION WHEN ALLOWED TO SET BECOME AS HARD
AS STONE.
CERTAIN OTHER MATERIALS CALLED ADMIXTURES ARE ALSO ADDED SOMETIMES
TO OBTAIN SPECIFIC EFFECTS.
USE OF CONCRETE
BY SUITABLY ADJUSTING THE PROPORTIONS OF VARIPUS INGREDIENTS ,
CONCRETE WITH SUFFICIENT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES CAN BE DEVELOPED.

14. THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
DEPEND ON THE MATERIALS USED.
BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, IT IS USED EXTENSIVELY
FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GRAVITY DAMS , ROADS , FOUNDATIONS , ETC.

15. TYPES OF CONCRETE (MAIN TYPE OF CONCRETE )
LIME CONCRETE WHAT IS LIME CONCRETE?
LIME CONCRETE IS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL
CONSISTING OF LIME AS THE BINDIING
MATERIAL , SAND OR SURKHI AS FINE
AGGREGATE AND BRICK BALLAST AS
COARSE AGGREGATES
CEMENT CONCRETE WHAT IS CEMENT CONCRETE?
CEMENT CONCRETE IS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL
CONSISTING OF CEMENT AS THE BINDIING
MATERIAL , SAND OR SURKHI AS FINE
AGGREGATE AND BRICK BALLAST AS
COARSE AGGREGATES

16. Reinforce
cement concrete
Light weight
concrete
Heavy weight
concrete
pre-cast
concrete
Concrete

17. REINFORCE CEMENT CONCRETE LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
HEAVY WEIGHT CONCRETE PRE-CAST CONCRETE

19. BITUMEN
BITUMEN IS AN OIL BASED SUBSTANCE.
IT IS A SEMI-SOLID HYDROCARBON PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY REMOVING THE LIGHTER FRACTIONS
(SUCH AS LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS, PETROL AND DI-
ESEL) FROM HEAVY CRUDE OIL DURING THE REFINE-
NG PROCESS.
AS SUCH, IT IS CORRECTLY KNOWN AS REFINED BITUMEN.

20. BITUMEN IS A MIXTURE OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS THAT ARE
HIGHLY VISCOUS, BLACK, STICKY, ENTIRELY SOLUBLE IN
CARBON DISULFIDE, AND COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF
HIGHLY CONDENSED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS.
NATURALLY OCCURRING OR CRUDE BITUMEN IS A
STICKY, TAR-LIKE FORM OF PETROLEUM WHICH IS SO
THICK AND HEAVY THAT IT MUST BE HEATED OR DILUTED
BEFORE IT WILL FLOW.
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, IT IS MUCH LIKE COLD
MOLASSES.

21. REFINED BITUMEN IS THE RESIDUAL (BOTTOM) FRACTION OBTAINED BY FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL.
IT IS THE HEAVIEST FRACTION AND THE ONE WITH THE HIGHEST BOILING POINT,
BOILING AT 525 °C (977 °F).

25. PAINTS
PAINT IS ANY LIQUID, LIQUEFIABLE, OR MASTIC COMPOSITION
AFTER APPLICATION TO A SUBSTRATE IN A THIN LAYER, CONVERTS
A SOLID FILM.
IT IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO PROTECT, COLOR, OR PROVIDE
TEXTURE TO OBJECTS.
PAINT CAN BE MADE OR PURCHASED IN MANY COLORS—AND IN
MANY DIFFERENT TYPES, SUCH AS WATERCOLOR, SYNTHETIC, ETC.
PAINT IS TYPICALLY STORED, SOLD, AND APPLIED AS A LIQUID, BUT
MOST TYPES DRY INTO A SOLID.

26. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE USES FOR PAINT?
1.ART WORKS
2.DECORATION (RESIDENTIAL PAINTS)
3.PROTECTION OF A SURFACE (RUST INHIBITING AUTO
PAINTS)
4.WARNINGS (REFLECTIVE PAINT, FLUORESCENT PAINT)