The document provides an overview of masonry walls, defining them as structures made of individual blocks like stone and brick, held together with mortar. It highlights the advantages of masonry walls, such as thermal mass, fire resistance, and reduced lifecycle costs, while also discussing various types like stone masonry and reinforced masonry. In addition, it outlines potential failure modes of masonry walls during events like fires, including 90-degree falls and inward/outward collapses.

1. MASONRY WALL
AND ITS TYPES

2. What We Are Going To Learn
• What is mean by masonry wall ?
• Advantages of masonry wall.
• Various types of masonry walls.
• Failure of masonry walls.

3. What is mean by masonry walls ?
• A Structure made up of individual blocks of
materials such as stone, brick, concrete, hollow
blocks, cellular concrete
• Usually placed in horizontal courses/direction.
• Cemented together with some form of mortar.

4. Advantages of masonry wall
• Increase the thermal mass of a building.
• Provide a structure with reduced life-cycle costs.
• Very heat resistant & thus provides good fire
protection.
• More resistant to projectiles.

5. • Stone masonry
• Brick masonry
• Hollow block concrete masonry
• Reinforced masonry
• Composite masonry
Types of masonry

6. http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/earthquakes/MasonryStone/images/StoneMasonryWallDetail.png
Stone masonry

7. Brick masonry

8. http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/McGrawHill/atchitecture/f0184-03.png
Hollow block masonry

9. http://www.world-housing.net/uploads/101068_074_18.jpg
Reinforced masonry

10. http://www.maconline.org/50.gif
Composite masonry

11. • The wall may fall straight out in a monolithic
piece at a 90 degree angle, similar to a falling
tree;
• The wall may crumble straight down in a so-
called "curtain" fall collapse
• The wall may collapse in an inward / outward
fashion, with the top falling inward and the
bottom outward.
Failure of masonry

12. • Occurs at fires.
• The wall falls straight out and the top of the
collapsing wall strikes the ground, a distance equal
to the height of the failing section measured from
the base of the wall.
• The wall begins to lean outward at the top,
separating from the other enclosing walls, and falls
straight out at a 90-degree angle.
90 degree failure

13. • The exterior masonry wall drops like a falling
curtain cut loose at the top.
• The wall crumbles and falls straight down, with
bricks and mortar forming a pile on the ground
near the base of the wall.
• The collapse of the brick veneer, brick cavity, or
masonry-backed stonewall often occurs in a
curtain-fall manner
Curtain fall collapse

14. • When a masonry wall becomes unstable and
begins to lean inward, it does not always mean that
the wall will fall inward.
• When a section of the broken wall falls inward,
the lower portion of the wall may kick outward, or
the upper portion may initially fall inward but then
slide down and outward into the street, bottom
first..
Inward/outword collapse

15. • By increasing the mortar joint thickness, the
strength of the masonry will decrease
• The maximum compressive strength of models
was obtained when the thickness of the mortar
joint was 7.5 mm.
Extras

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